| Kokiriidae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Trichoptera |
| Suborder: | Integripalpia |
| Infraorder: | Brevitentoria |
| Superfamily: | Leptoceroidea |
| Family: | Kokiriidae McFarlane, 1964 |
| Genera | |
Kokiriidae is a family of insect in the order Trichoptera. It was discovered in 1964 and is found in Australia, Chile, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. It consists of fifteen species and six genera.
It was originally erected in 1964 as the subfamily of Kokiriinae and discovered the species Kokiria miharo, from New Zealand, but was soon reclassified as a family in 1967 by H. H. Ross and added the Chilean species, Rhynchopsyche fusca, to the new family. [1]
Arturs Neboiss described the Australian species Tanjistomella verna and the New Caledonian genus Mecynostomella in 1974. In the same year, he described two other Australian genera, Taskiria and Taskiropsyche. [2] O.S. Flint Jr. considered the species Rhynchopsyche fusca to be a junior synonym of the species Pangullia faziana. [3] K.A. Johanson revised the genera, Mecynostomella, which increased the family size to fifteen species and six genera. [4]
The larvae are predatory and live on the small, sandy banks of streams and rivers. The larvae cases are made from sand and are depressed and slightly flanged around the edge of the case. [4]
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America and Australasia. The species are ecological dominants in many temperate forests in these regions. Some species are reportedly naturalised in Germany and Great Britain. The genus has a rich fossil record of leaves, cupules, and pollen, with fossils extending into the late Cretaceous period and occurring in Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America.
The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. There are approximately 14,500 described species, most of which can be divided into the suborders Integripalpia and Annulipalpia on the basis of the adult mouthparts. Integripalpian larvae construct a portable casing to protect themselves as they move around looking for food, while Annulipalpian larvae make themselves a fixed retreat in which they remain, waiting for food to come to them. The affinities of the small third suborder Spicipalpia are unclear, and molecular analysis suggests it may not be monophyletic. Also called sedge-flies or rail-flies, the adults are small moth-like insects with two pairs of hairy membranous wings. They are closely related to the Lepidoptera which have scales on their wings; the two orders together form the superorder Amphiesmenoptera.
The family Leptoceridae are a family of caddisflies often called "long-horned caddisflies". Leptoceridae is the second largest family of caddisflies with more than 1500 species in around 45 genera. The main identifying feature of most Leptoceridae is that their antennae are longer than those of other caddisflies. There is one genus with short antennae (Ceraclea), but it is easily identified by the pair of dark curved lines on the mesonotum.
Helicopsychidae are a family of Trichoptera. The name refers to the helix shaped larval cases and they should not be confused with Limnephilidae which sometimes inhabit the snail shells. Their shells range from 6–8 millimetres (0.24–0.31 in) and are crafted from mineral grains. Their typical habitat is in slow-flowing water in ditches. Helicopsychidae larvae have a comb-like anal hook. Helicopsychidae is divided into two extant genera, Rakiura and Helicopsyche, and two fossil genera Electrohelicopsyche and Palaeohelicopsyche. The family contains more than 270 species and are present on all major faunal regions.
The Hydroptilidae are a large family of caddisflies (Trichoptera) with a worldwide distribution. They are commonly known as microcaddisflies or purse-case caddisflies, in reference to two characteristic traits of this family: Hydroptilidae are much smaller than other caddisflies, rarely exceeding 5 mm (0.20 in) in length. Their larvae do not build a protective case until the final instar of their growth. At that time however, they build a typically Purse-shaped case, either portable or stuck to the substrate, in which the larva finishes growth and pupates.
The Ecnomidae are a family of caddisflies comprising 9 genera with a total of 375 species.
The Polycentropodidae are a family of trumpet-net and tube-making caddisflies. There are at least 30 genera and 720 described species in Polycentropodidae. The type genus for Polycentropodidae is Polycentropus J. Curtis, 1835.
The Psychomyiidae are a family of tube-making caddisflies. Members of this family are typically very similar to polycentropodids, most of them can be differentiated by the spur formula is 2-4-4, thyridial cell short, absence of the forewing fork I, and hindwing forks I and IV. Male genitalia has elongate preanal appendages, and reduced tergum IX. The larvae differ by the submental sclerites separated, foretrochantin broad, and the pupal mandible apex whip-like. Larvae construct long silken galleries.
Rakiura is a genus of Trichoptera (caddisfly). The genus contains only one species, Rakiura vernale, which is endemic to New Zealand. Rakiura vernale represents the most basal taxon within the Helicopsychidae.
Helicopsyche is a genus of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. Helicopsyche contains more than 230 species and are represented on all major faunal regions with highest diversity in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The genus was first described by Siebold, 1856.
Heterocrossa eriphylla, also known as the lichen snoutlet moth, is a species of moth in the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. The larvae of this species feed on the healing wounds of New Zealand beech trees.
Brachycentridae is a family of humpless casemaker caddisflies in the order Trichoptera. It is found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Georg Ulmer first described it in Germany in 1903 as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. The type genus for Brachycentridae is Brachycentrus J. Curtis, 1834.
Neophylax is a genus of autumn mottled sedges in the family Thremmatidae. There are more than 30 described species in Neophylax.
Cernotina is a genus of tube maker caddisflies in the family Polycentropodidae. There are more than 70 described species in Cernotina.
Hydroptilinae is a subfamily of microcaddisflies in the family Hydroptilidae. There are at least 60 genera and 1,600 described species in Hydroptilinae.
Nectopsyche is a genus of white millers in the family Leptoceridae. There are at least 60 described species in Nectopsyche.
Anisocentropus is a genus of caddisflies in the family Calamoceratidae. There are more than 60 described species in Anisocentropus.
Molanna is a genus of hood casemakers in the family Molannidae. There are more than 20 described species in Molanna.
Marilia is a genus of mortarjoint casemakers in the family Odontoceridae. There are at least 40 described species in Marilia.
Oeconesidae is a family of caddisflies in the order Trichoptera. There are about 6 genera and 19 described species in Oeconesidae, found mainly in New Zealand. A single species, Tascuna ignota, is found in Tasmania.