Lieutenant-Colonel Kokolo Camp (French: Camp militaire Lieutenant-Colonel Kokolo),[6][7] often shortened as Kokolo Military Camp (Camp militaire Kokolo)[8][9][10] or Kokolo Camp,[11][12][13] is one of the main military installations of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC), located in the Kokolo quartier of Bandalungwa, Kinshasa.[14] The camp is bounded to the north by Sergeant Moke and Haumba avenues, to the south by Kasa-Vubu Avenue, to the east by a public road and the Makusa quartier, and to the west by Pierre Mulele Avenue. Covering an area of approximately 161 hectares, excluding the Monganga, Kalicack, Music School, and logistics base zones, it serves as a major logistical, residential, and training center, as well as housing military personnel and their families.[14]
Established during the Belgian colonial period and constructed in 1924, the camp was initially known as Camp Léopold II before being renamed in 1960 following Congolese independence in honor of Lieutenant Colonel Kokolo.[14] Its legal status was later clarified in the post-Mobutu Sese Seko period through Ministerial Decree No. 0035/90 of 29 August 1999, which formally established the camp's concession within the Funa (Bandalungwa) and Lukunga (Gombe) land jurisdictions.[14]
Geography
Kokolo Military Camp covers a total area of 161.39 hectares, excluding the Monganga, Kalicack, Music School, and logistics base zones. In the post-Mobutu era, the camp's land tenure was formally defined by Ministerial Decree No. 0035/90 of 29 August 1999, which established the concession across the Funa (Bandalungwa) and Lukunga (Gombe) jurisdictions.[14]
Climatically, the camp falls within Kinshasa's tropical climate, marked by high temperatures averaging 25 °C annually and humid conditions with approximately 1,400 mm of rainfall per year, distributed across a rainy season from late September to May, peaking in April (16%) and November (18%), and a dry season extending from June to September.[14]
Geologically, the surface formations of the Kinshasa plain exhibit limited variation, with the area predominantly composed of sandy or silty soils, with a few protrusions or outcrops of "polymorphic sandstones" or "soft sandstones".[14]
Administration and demographics
The camp is composed of 21 quartiers (neighborhoods) allocated between officers and first-, second-, and third-class non-commissioned officers and enlisted ranks. Administratively, it falls under the authority of the Commander of the Central Camps Group (commandant de groupement des camps centre), which also includes the following extensions: including Loano quartier, Ndolo Prison, Koweit, the Institute of Medical Education (IEM; Institut d'Enseignement médical), Kalicack, Munganga, and Mbandaka.[14] A population census conducted in 2005 recorded 33,675 inhabitants within the camp,[14] while estimates in 2022 placed the population at approximately 40,000.[7] The camp residents, who are predominantly military families, engage in agricultural and community initiatives.[14]
Structure
Schoolchildren pictured with civilian and military officials at the camp
Central Military Hospital of Lieutenant-Colonel Kokolo Camp
The camp serves multiple core FARDC functions, notably providing accommodation for military personnel and their families through extensive residential infrastructure, acting as a central logistical base for the coordination of national military operations, and serving as a center for training and organizational activities that bring together active forces, including the police and the national service.[14] Housing within the camp differs according to rank and status, with officers' quartiers featuring single-family houses of one to four bedrooms, typically including a living room, bathroom, toilet, storage space, garage, and occasionally an annex, while other sectors contain prefabricated houses with two or three bedrooms and standard amenities.[15]
Additional housing arrangements include semi-detached houses of two or three bedrooms, some equipped with kitchens and others without, particularly in 21 quartier, as well as apartment blocks comprising 10 to 13 units, each with a bedroom and living room, often supplemented by a designated apartment with a kitchen.[15] Enlisted personnel quartiers are also supported by shared facilities such as sanitary blocks, communal kitchens, and hangars, alongside various administrative buildings. Beyond residential and administrative infrastructure, the camp hosts health, educational, religious, and sports facilities, as well as sanitation systems for wastewater management.[15] Within the camp is the Central Military Hospital of Lieutenant-Colonel Kokolo Camp (hôpital militaire central du camp lieutenant-colonel Kokolo), commonly known as the Central Military Hospital (Hôpital Militaire Central; HMC), a major medical institution in Kinshasa and nationally recognized for providing care for a wide range of cases, particularly road-traffic accident victims and war wounded.[16][17]
History
Troops of the Force Publique leaving Camp Léopold II in 1942
Lieutenant-Colonel Kokolo Camp was constructed in 1924 during the Belgian colonial period and was initially known as Camp Léopold II. The site was intended to serve as a major garrison and logistical center for colonial forces, and although completed in the 1920s, the camp was formally inaugurated much later, on 8 July 1956.[14]
123Mandangi, Germain Manitu (2006). "Structure du camp"[Camp Structure] (in French). Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: University of Kinshasa. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
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