Kongens Enghave

Last updated
Kayaks in front of the newer harbour-facing residential parts of Sydhavnen Sydhavn01.jpg
Kayaks in front of the newer harbour-facing residential parts of Sydhavnen

Kongens Enghave ("king's meadow"), commonly known as Sydhavnen ("south harbour") or the postal district of 2450 Copenhagen SV (southwest) is a district in southern Copenhagen. While its core is a largely pre-WWII former working class district, it also contains an upscale residential area along the harbour having been developed after 2000, scattered industrial areas, large parks such as Valbyparken and Sydhavnstippen, allotment gardens and parts of Vestre Kirkegård, the city's largest cemetery.

Contents

The area has historically been a working class quarter, dissected by major transport corridors and characterized by industry along the harbour-front. Since the turn of the millennium, this picture is starting to change. While the central parts of the district in general remains a relatively poor neighbourhood with social challenges, the harbour-front areas of Sluseholmen and Teglholmen have undergone massive redevelopment into new residential neighbourhoods. A cluster of IT and telecommunications companies have also emerged in the area. The former Nokia Copenhagen headquarter is now occupied by a branch of Aalborg University. However, the traditional parts of the district still haven't undergone the gentrification process seen in more central former working class areas such as Vesterbro and Nørrebro.

Transport

The central parts of Sydhavnen are served by Sydhavn and Sjælør station of the S-train system. There are also several bus lines. The Øresund Railway (to Copenhagen Airport and Malmö) traverses the district mostly underground, but does not have any stations here.

A metro branch line, the M4, is under construction and due to open in 2024. It will serve three stations in the district (Enghave Brygge, Sluseholmen and Mozarts Plads) as well as two stations bordering the district (Havneholmen and the hub of København Syd).

Geography

Kongens Enghave covers an area of 4.46 km2, has a population of 15,414 and a population density of 3,455 per km2 (2008). It used to be one of 15 administrative districts of Copenhagen, but since an administrative reform in 2006-08, it has been part of the official district of Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave. [1]

Kongens Enghave is bounded by the Carlsberg area to the north, Vesterbro to the north-east and Valby to the west, while Copenhagen Harbour to the east and south separates it from Amager Vest.

History

Early history

Enghavevej, 1850 Enghavevej (1850).jpg
Enghavevej, 1850

Kongens Enghave is first mentioned in 1632. The area was used for harvesting of hay for the royal stables at Copenhagen Castle. In 1776, a small plague hospital was built on Kalvebod Beach. The name Frederiksholm is first seen in 1667–68 when large areas on the coast were reclaimed and drained. [2]

The history of the district dates back to 1795 when the old Enghavevej was built, running all the way from Vesterbrogade to Gammel Køge Landevej by way of present-day Sydhavns Plads and Mozarts Plads. The land was divided into 22 estates at the same event. [3]

From about 1900, a few country houses and farmsteads were built along the road: Frederiksholm, "Larsens Minde", Lises Minde, Frederikslund, Wilhelms Minde as well as a few small cottages, mainly used by fishermen and hunters. Frederiksholm, the only of these houses that still exist today, was built by king Frederick VI. The estate covered about 50 hectares, about half of which was gardens and the remainder meadows. In 1834, it kept about 40 cows and 10 horses. From the 1870s, it served as residence for the manager of Frederiksholm Brickworks. [4]

New enterprises

Frederiksholm Brickyard in about 1880 Frederiksholms Tegl- og Kalkvaerker.jpg
Frederiksholm Brickyard in about 1880

Copenhagen's city walls were decommissioned in 1857, leading to new development in the area.

Vestre Cemetery was established in 1870. In 1871, two brothers, Køhler, purchased the Frederiksholm estate and established a brickyard in the grounds. The storm surge in November 1872 led to widespread floodings in the area. In response, as a private initiative, the Køhler brothers carried out extensive reclamations along the coast, and- Shortly thereafter, they established Frederiksholm Harbour in association with their brickyard. The brick yard produced many of the bricks used in the construction of Vesterbro prior to its closure in 1918. [5]

Karens Minde, a mental institution, was opened by Johan Keller in 1876. Vestre Prison opened in 1895. [6]

20th century urbanization

Ford Motor Company's assembly plant in the 1930s Sydhavnen - Ford assembly plant.jpg
Ford Motor Company's assembly plant in the 1930s

In the beginning of the 20th century, Port of Copenhagen was expanded with extensive docklands with many industrial enterprises in the area. Otto Mønsted opened a margarine factory in 1911. It was joined by Lemvig Møller & Munch and Sømderværftet (1818), a subsidiary of Københavns Flydeværft & Skibsdok. Burmeister & Wain established an iron foundry in the area in 1920 and took over Sønderværftet in 1926. In 1924 Ford Motor Company moved its assembly plant from Nørrebro to the Southern Docklands. [7] The factory was designed by Albert Kahn and opened on 15 November 1924. [8]

The Kongens Enghave district developed around the heavy industry of the Southern Docklands. The residential areas were built to satisfy a demand for housing for the workers and it has thus always been considered a working class neighbourhood.

The Ford assembly plant closed in 1965 and most of the remaining industry disappeared in the 1970s and 80s. Gradually, Kongens Enghave gained a reputation for being the area in Denmark with most people on social welfare, the lowest education rate and life expectancy and high incidence of all major social problems. [9]

21st century

In the 1990s, companies such as Nokia, Philips and TDC established in the area. In 2002 a masterplan was adopted for redevelopment of the Southern Docklands. It was created by Copenhagen Municipality, By & Havn and Sjoerd Soeters. This redevelopment, which is still ongoing, has attracted new residents. Dramatically rising real-estate prices and a shortage of cheap accommodation in Copenhagen during the last half of the 1990s and the first half of the 2000s have also drawn new income groups and students to the area. In 2011, Nokia closed their large R&D department in Copenhagen with more than 1,000 employees. Their buildings now house an Aalborg University campus.

Kongens Enghave today

The parts of Kongens Enghave attracting most attention today are the redeveloped harbour-front areas of Sluseholmen and Teglholmen. In particular, the Sluseholmen Canal District is generally recognized as one of the most successful new neighbourhoods in Copenhagen, for which it won the 2009 Danish Urban Planning Award. [10]

The most important green spaces of the Kongens Enghave district include Vestre Cemetery and the semi-natural Sydhavnstippen area.

A cluster of Danish headquarters of multinational companies such as Nokia, Sonofon, Philips, TDC, Statoil, DaimlerChrysler and BMW Group has formed in the Sydhavnen area. [11] Also, as a precedor, and through the takeover, of Burmeister and Wain, MAN Diesel & Turbo has its Danish headquarter on Teglholmen, together with a smaller factory-plant, in which the research and development of diesel-technology takes place, being the last active heavy industry-plant in the area.

Transport

There are two S-train stations located in Kongens Enghave: Sydhavn station and Sjælør station, both of which are on the Køge radial of the S-train network. A third S-train station, serviced by trains on Vestbanen and Frederikssundbanen, is located in Vesterbro, just on the border to Kongens Enghave. The closest mainline train station is Copenhagen South, which served by the 7A bus which runs through Sydhavnen.

Copenhagen Harbour Buses lines 991 and 992 serve Sluseholmen and Teglholmen.

There are also regular buses connecting from Mozarts Plads, Sluseholmen and Teglholmen to the city centre.

A metro line, the M4, is scheduled to open in 2024. Stations are being built at Mozarts Plads and Sluseholmen, and the line will terminate at Copenhagen South railway station.

Attractions

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indre By</span> District in Central Copenhagen

Indre By, also known as Copenhagen Center or K or Downtown Copenhagen, is an administrative district (bydel) in central Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It covers an area of 4.65 square kilometres (1.80 sq mi), has a population of 26,223, and a population density of 5,638 per km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vesterbro, Copenhagen</span> District of Copenhagen, Denmark

Vesterbro is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and city tax districts (bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 3.76 km2 (1.45 sq mi), and has a population of 51,466 and a population density of 13,688 per km2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Valby</span> District of Copenhagen

Valby ( ) is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. It is in the southwestern corner of Copenhagen Municipality, and has a mixture of different types of housing. This includes apartment blocks, terraced housing, areas with single-family houses and allotments, plus the remaining part of the old Valby village, around which the district has formed, intermingled with past and present industrial sites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vestre Cemetery (Copenhagen)</span> Cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark

Vestre Cemetery is located in a large park setting in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen, Denmark. With its 54 hectares it is the largest cemetery in Denmark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M4 (Copenhagen Metro)</span> Metro line in Copenhagen, Denmark

The M4 of the Copenhagen Metro connects Nordhavn in the north with Sydhavn in the south. The central part of the line shares tracks with the City Circle Line (M3).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave</span> District of Copenhagen

Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. The district has an area of 8.22 km² and a population of 53,351.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sluseholmen</span>

Sluseholmen is an artificial peninsula in the South Harbour of Copenhagen, Denmark. It takes its name from Slusen, a lock immediately to the south, regulating water levels in the harbor. Previously the site of heavy industry and part of the Southern Docklands of Port of Copenhagen, Sluseholmen has, since the turn of the millennium, undergone massive redevelopment, transforming it into a mainly residential district known for its canals and maritime atmosphere. It is connected to Teglholmen by the Teglværk Bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teglholmen</span>

Teglholmen is a peninsula in the South Harbour of Copenhagen, Denmark, located between Sluseholmen and Enghave Brygge. The former dockland area used to house heavy industry. While some industry activities remain in the area, but since most industry left the area, starting in the 1970s, it has undergone massive redevelopment, though some industrial activities remain, most notably MAN B&W Diesel's motor development plant. Today the area houses both a considerable number of Danish and regional headquarters of multinational companies and residential developments. Teglholmen is home to Aalborg University's AAU Cph Campus as well as TV 2's activities in Copenhagen.

Districts of Copenhagen are often based on informal designations based on historic origins, often with alternative names and loosely defined boundaries. Copenhagen Municipality is divided into 10 official administrative districts but they often comprise areas of a heterogeneous character which are informally not seen as one district. Some districts have earlier been official subdivisions and thus have semi-official boundaries. Copenhagen postal code designations often correspond to district boundaries but in some cases differ from them, as an example parts of the city centre has the postal code København V which is generally associated with Vesterbro.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slusen, Copenhagen</span>

Slusen is a lock in the South Harbour of Copenhagen, Denmark. It regulates water levels and inhibits unfavourable currents in the Copenhagen Harbour, occupying both sides of the narrow strait between Zealand and Amager. It lends its name to the adjacent Sluseholmen neighbourhood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enghave Brygge</span>

Enghave Brygge is a waterfront area in the Southern Docklands of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located between Vesterbro to the north and Teglholmen to the south, and opposite Islands Brygge across the water. The area is undergoing significant development, with the northern half now housing around 2.000 inhabitants, and construction of apartment blocks in the southern half is underway. Enghave Brygge is characterized by canals, giving the area the impression of a maritime city like Venice or Amsterdam, as well as the nearby Christianshavn neighbourhood. The Enghave Canal which runs from north to south across Enghave Brygge is a major defining landmark.

Transport in Copenhagen and the surrounding area relies on a well-established infrastructure making it a hub in Northern Europe due to its road and rail networks as well as its international airport. Thanks to its many cycle tracks, Copenhagen is considered one of the world's most bicycle-friendly cities. The metro and S-train systems are key features of the city's well-developed public transport facilities. Since July 2000, the Øresund Bridge has served as a road and rail link to Malmö in Sweden. The city is also served by ferry connections to Oslo in Norway while its award-winning harbour is an ever more popular port of call for cruise ships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enghave Plads</span> Public square in Copenhagen

Enghave Plads is a central public square of the Vesterbro district in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located where Istedgade reaches Enghavevej, which separates the square from Enghave Park.

Frederiks Brygge is a waterfront area in the Southern Docklands of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located at the bottom of Frederiksholmsløbet, a canal that separates Enghave Brygge to the north from Teglholmen to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enghave Plads station</span> Copenhagen metro station

Enghave Plads station is an underground Copenhagen Metro station located at Enghave Plads in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The station is on the City Circle Line (M3), between Copenhagen Central Station and Frederiksberg Allé, and is in fare zone 1. Nearby landmarks include the music venue Vega, Enghave Park and the shopping and restaurant street Istedgade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enghavevej</span> Street in Copenhagen, Denmark

Enghavevej is a major street in the Vesterbro and Kongens Enghave districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Vesterbrogade in the north to Sydhavns Plads in the south, linking Kingosgade with Sydhavnsgade and Borgbjergsvej.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederiksholm Brickworks</span>

Frederiksholm Brickworks was a brickyard in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was founded in 1871 and closed in 1918. One of its old clay pits was later converted into the Teglværkshavnen harbour bason. Its olf main building was converted into an orphanage. It is the oldest surviving building in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen.

Sluseholmen station is an underground Copenhagen Metro station in the eponymous neighborhood of Copenhagen, Denmark. The station is on the M4 Line, between Enghave Brygge and Mozarts Plads.

References

  1. ↑ "Københavns bydele". Københavns Kommune. Archived from the original on 2009-05-10. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
  2. ↑ "ÅRSTALSLISTE for Kongens Enghaves Lokalhistorie" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalarkiv. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  3. ↑ "Kongens Enghaves Historie" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalarkiv. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  4. ↑ "Frederiksholm" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalhistoriske Arkiv. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
  5. ↑ "Sidste sang om Sydhavnen" (in Danish). Valby Bladet. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  6. ↑ "ÅRSTALSLISTE for Kongens Enghaves Lokalhistorie" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalarkiv. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  7. ↑ "Sydhavnens industrielle udvikling gennem 130 år". Diesel House (in Danish). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  8. ↑ "Københavns sydhavn var krumtappen i det danske bileventyrFilmdatabase". Ingeniøren (in Danish). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  9. ↑ "Udstødningshavnen". Information. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  10. ↑ "SLUSEHOLMEN VINDER BYPLANPRISEN 2009". By & Havn. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  11. ↑ "BCG 48 - Sydhavnen, København". Skanska. Retrieved 2009-10-16.

55°39′48″N12°32′10″E / 55.6633°N 12.5361°E / 55.6633; 12.5361

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.