From 1989 through 1991, Poland engaged in a democratic transition which put an end to the Polish People's Republic and led to the foundation of a democratic government, known as the Third Polish Republic, following the First and Second Polish Republic. After ten years of democratic consolidation, Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union on 1 May 2004.
Poland has a multi-party political system. On the national level, Poland elects the head of state – the president – and a legislature. There are also various local elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament.
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 23 September 2001. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The election concluded with an overwhelming victory for the centre-left Democratic Left Alliance – Labor Union, the electoral coalition between the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and the Labour Union (UP), which captured 41% of the vote in the crucial lower house Sejm. The 2001 election is recognized as marking the emergence of both Civic Platform (PO) and Law and Justice (PiS) as players in Polish politics, while also witnessing the outright collapse of the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS) and its former coalition partner, the Freedom Union (UW).
Warsaw City Council, officially the Council of the Capital City of Warsaw is a unicameral governing body of the city of Warsaw, the capital of Poland.
Presidential elections were held in Poland on 20 June 2010. As no candidate received a majority of votes in the first round, a second round was held on 4 July 2010. Bronisław Komorowski, the acting President of Poland and vice-chairman of the Civic Platform, defeated Jarosław Kaczyński, twin brother of recently deceased President Lech Kaczyński and chairman of Law and Justice (PiS). The global financial crisis, flooding in Poland and the Smolensk disaster were the main themes in the last months of the election campaign.
Warsaw I, officially known as Constituency no. 19, is one of the 41 constituencies of the Sejm, the lower house of the Parliament of Poland, the national legislature of Poland. The constituency was established as Constituency no. 1 in 1991 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Poland. It was renamed Sejm Constituency no. 19 in 2001 following another nationwide re-organisation of constituencies. It is conterminous with the city of Warsaw. Electors living abroad or working aboard ships and oil rigs are included in this constituency. The constituency currently elects 20 of the 460 members of the Sejm using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 1,993,723 registered electors.
Krzysztof Adam Matyjaszczyk is a Polish politician, Member of the Polish Parliament (2007-2010), local official, since 2010 president of Częstochowa.
Włodzimierz Witold Karpiński is a Polish politician. Karpiński served as Minister of State Treasury in the Cabinets of Donald Tusk and Ewa Kopacz.
Rafał Kazimierz Trzaskowski is a Polish politician and the current city mayor of Warsaw. He is also a political scientist specializing in European studies. He publicly supports European integration, the introduction of same-sex marriage, ecological transformation and a greater role for local governments in voivodeships.
Włodzimierz Czarzasty is a Polish politician who serves as the co-chairperson of the New Left party. He has been serving as a Deputy Marshal of the Sejm since 12 November 2019.
Wojciech Piotr Murdzek – a Polish politician, from 2020 he is Minister of Science and Higher Education, from 2002 to 2014 he was president of Świdnica, also parliamentarian and member of the Sejm.
Jan Krzysztof Ardanowski is a Polish politician, farmer and member of the Sejm since 2011. He served as the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development between 20 June 2018 and 6 October 2020.
Makabi Warszawa, in English Makabi Warsaw, founded in 1915 in Warsaw, Poland was a Polish sports club founded by the Jewish Gymnastic and Sports Association "Maccabi" in Warsaw. It was the largest multi-section Jewish sports club in the Second Polish Republic.
Magdalena Agnieszka Biejat is a Polish politician and translator of Spanish-language literature. She was a member of the Sejm for Warsaw I between 2019 and 2023, when she was elected to Senate for the 45th district. Since 13 November 2023, she has served as a Deputy Marshal of the Senate. She is currently one of the leaders of The Left coalition, and was one of the co-leaders of Left Together until her departure from the party in October 2024.
Presidential elections will be held in Poland on 4, 11 or 18 May 2025, though they can be held earlier should the office become vacated as a result of death, resignation or removal from office of the incumbent. Due to constitutional term limits limiting a president to serve only two terms, incumbent president Andrzej Duda is ineligible for re-election. Presidential elections in Poland must take place on a day free from work between 75 and 100 days before the term ends.
The New Left is a social-democratic political party in Poland. It is positioned on the centre-left on the political spectrum. Its leaders are Włodzimierz Czarzasty and Robert Biedroń.
Tadeusz Edward Ross was a Polish actor and politician.
Dorota Zofia Olko is a Polish politician, sociologist, and political activist. She is a member of left-wing Lewica Razem and has served as party spokesperson since 2016. Member of Sejm since 2023.
