Larry Hoover

Last updated
Larry Hoover
Larry Hoover.jpg
Born (1950-11-30) November 30, 1950 (age 73) [1] [2]
Other namesKing Larry
Criminal statusImprisoned at ADX Florence in Florence, Colorado [3]
Spouse
Winndye Jenkins-Hoover [4]
(m. 2020)
Children3
Conviction(s)
  • Murder
  • conspiracy
  • extortion
  • continuing to engage in a criminal enterprise
Criminal penaltySix life sentences
Date apprehended
September 21, 1973 [5]

Larry Hoover Sr (born November 30, 1950) [2] [1] [6] is an American former gangster and street gang kingpin. He is the founder of the Chicago street gang, the Gangster Disciples.

Contents

Hoover is currently serving six life sentences at the ADX Florence prison facility in Colorado. He was previously sentenced to life imprisonment plus 200 years for a 1973 murder. However, following a 17-year investigation, he was convicted of conspiracy, extortion, money laundering, and running a continuing criminal enterprise from state prison, Hoover received another life term in 1997. He has made multiple attempts to have his sentence shortened. [7] [8]

Early and personal life

Hoover was born on November 30, 1950, in Jackson, Mississippi. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, at the age of four. [9] At the age of 13, Hoover dropped out of junior high and joined a gang called the Supreme Gangsters, when he was involved in petty theft and muggings.

In 1968, Hoover was romantically involved with Winndye Jenkins, with whom he shares one of his three children. They were denied marriage by the Illinois Department of Corrections until January 9, 2020, when they were deemed legally married by the U.S. Department of Justice.[ citation needed ]

Hoover was formerly associated with GDN lieutenant, A'Marion Taylor. He also involved himself in fighting cold cases about murders that are only now coming to light, also tied to the organization. [10] [11]

Biography

Gang and impact

In 1969, Hoover and David Barksdale called a truce and decided to combine both of their respective rival gangs (Supreme Gangsters and Black Disciples) together to become the Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN). [12] [13] [14]

Death of David Barksdale and Disciple takeover

In 1974, after the leader of the Black Disciples, David Barksdale, died of kidney failure stemming from injuries incurred in a 1970 assassination attempt, Hoover took over the reins of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation. He deemed himself the chairman of the crew. At the time, the Disciples had control of Chicago's South Side turf. Under Hoover's rule, the Black Gangster Disciple Nation took over a majority of the Chicago drug trade. While incarcerated, in 1978, Hoover, formed the Folk Nation, which added all gangs in his personal likeliness and interest to relate to the BGDN such as the Lady, Satan, Maniac Latin, Spanish Gangster Disciples, Ambrose, the Two-Two Boys, Two Sixers, Simon City Royals, North Side Insane Popes, La Raza Nation, Spanish Cobras, Imperial Gangsters, Harrison Gents, and the Latin Eagles. The Folk Nation maintained their ground from within prison property to drug-ruffled streets.

While Hoover was incarcerated, he ran the gang's illicit drug trade both in prison and on the streets, starting from Chicago's West Side and later extending throughout the United States. Similarly, certain parts of the affiliated Folk Nation alliance began to expand to parts of the United States including the Midwest of which Chicago is in. As of 2022, the Gangster Disciples has confirmed expansions to Indianapolis, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Detroit, Milwaukee, Birmingham, Cincinnati, Memphis and Hoover's birthplace of Jackson. [15] [16] [17] [ citation needed ]

The Folk Nation, including that of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation, also personified a rivalry with the People Nation, which included other gangs such as the Almighty Black P. Stone Nation (run by Jeff Fort, who today shares the same prison facility as Hoover and is also a Mississippi-born native), [18] Almighty Vice Lord Nation, Latin Kings, Mickey Cobras, South Side Almighty Insane Popes (the South Side faction were rivals with the Simon City Royals, Satan Disciples and Two Sixers, causing them to splinter themselves from the North Side faction), Almighty Saints and the Four Corner Hustlers. [19] The Gangster Disciples also engaged in a city rivalry with South Memphis crew, the Love Murdering Gangsters (formerly LMG Mafia). [20]

Dispute with the Black Disciples

In 1989, the Black Gangster Disciples began having leadership problems as they noticed Hoover's leadership of the Folk Nation alliance deteriorated once he shifted his sole focus toward the now-splintered Gangster Disciples. [21] The decline of the BGDN leadership infuriated a majority of its members and resulted in the two gangs separating into the aforementioned Gangster Disciples and the reincarnated Black Disciples. One instance of their split and later animosity was a drug dealing dispute in the Englewood neighborhood of Chicago's South Side, which escalated into a shooting that killed several people. [22] By early 1993, Hoover claimed to have renounced his violent criminal past and became an urban political celebrity in Chicago. Hoover proclaimed that the GD initials had changed to mean "Growth & Development."

As of July 2022, Hoover confirms that he no longer affiliates with the Gangster Disciples and wants "no part" of the gang "whatsoever". He also claims that he was "no longer the Larry Hoover people sometimes talk about, or he who is written about in the papers, or the crime figure described by the government." [7] [8] [23] [24] Many believed it was a ruse for his plan to have his sentence reduced or either way appealed. [25]

1973: William Young murder

On the evening of February 26, 1973, William "Pooky" Young, a 19-year-old neighborhood drug dealer, was abducted and later shot dead in an alley near 68th Street and Union Avenue in Englewood, a neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. His killing was ordered by Hoover after his name was mentioned as one of three people accused of stealing drugs and money from the gang six days earlier. [26] Andrew Howard was arrested on March 16, 1973 while Hoover went in to hiding in Chicago. On September 21, 1973 Hoover was driving a stolen truck and was asked to stop for a traffic violation. He tried to run away from the scene but was arrested. The police also discovered that he was also wanted in William Young's murder. In October 1973, Howard and Hoover were both indicted for murder and in December both were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 200 years in prison. Hoover was sent to Stateville Correctional Center in Crest Hill, Illinois, to serve out his term. [27]

1997: Criminal enterprise conviction

While in prison for murder, on August 22, 1995, after a 17-year undercover joint investigation by the Illinois Department of Corrections, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Hoover was indicted for conspiracy, extortion, money laundering, drug-related offenses, and continuing to engage in a criminal enterprise. [28] A lengthy federal investigation using wiretaps led to Hoover getting arrested. Prosecutors alleged that his gang had 30,000 "soldiers" in 35 states and made $100 million a year. He was arrested at the Dixon Correctional Center by federal agents, and moved to the Metropolitan Correctional Center in downtown Chicago to stand trial. In 1997, Hoover was found guilty on all charges. He was sentenced to three additional life terms in federal prison. Hoover is currently serving his sentence at the ADX Florence in Fremont County, Colorado. [3] [29]

Attempts to appeal

In 2021, Hoover, having hired Bill Cosby's former attorney, Jennifer Bonjean, tried to appeal his sentence under the First Step Act, but was denied by U.S. Judge Harry Leinenweber. [24] [30]

Other endeavors

Book

In 1996, Hoover's teachings were published in a book titled The Blueprint of a New Concept: From Gangster Disciple to Growth & Development. [31] [32] [33]

The Larry Hoover Project

In 2014, Hoover's wife, Winndye Jenkins-Hoover, created the Larry Hoover Project, aimed to give her husband clemency and have his criminal history reviewed. [34]

Kanye West involvement

Chicago rapper Kanye West has, for over a decade, been a vocal advocate for Hoover's release from prison. On a demo version of his song "Hurricane", which was meant to appear on his since-scrapped project, Yandhi, West suggested calling his ex-wife, Kim Kardashian, to help release Hoover, following Kardashian's success on working with former U.S. president Donald Trump to free a number of federal prisoners. [35] On October 11, 2018, during a luncheon with Trump, West pleaded for clemency for Hoover. [36]

West's 2021 album, Donda, contains the track, "Jesus Lord", and its remix, "Jesus Lord, Pt. 2", which both feature a recorded message by Hoover's son, Larry, Jr., in which he discusses the "cracks" in America's criminal justice system, and talks about the impact of Hoover's incarceration on his family. [37] Three months later, on December 9, 2021, West, along with fellow rapper Drake, hosted a Free Larry Hoover Benefit Concert at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum; it was livestreamed via Amazon Prime Video. [38] Drake's performance and cry for Hoover's clemency was accidentally edited off of the original stream, but was later revised. [39] The main goal of the concert was to bring awareness to Hoover's case; West and Drake called for the release of Hoover and sought to raise awareness about prison and sentencing reform in the United States. [40] Though West and Drake had previously been involved in an ongoing rivalry, [41] [42] they decided to put an end to their feud, focusing on putting their fame and influence to use by bringing awareness to Hoover's case by organizing the benefit concert.

West also advocates for both Young Thug and Hoover's release on the track "River" (of his collaborative album with Ty Dolla $ign, Vultures 2) with the lyrics "Free Larry, free Young Thug". [43]

Hoover appears via phone from prison on multiple skits of Geto Boys' 1996 album, The Resurrection , where he discusses his views on the prison system and the youth of the black community. By association with the Geto Boys, Rap-A-Lot Records founder J. Prince has shown support for Hoover following his incarceration and as of 2022, is calling for him to be pardoned. [44]

Rapper Rick Ross has mentioned Hoover and Black Mafia Family co-founder Big Meech by names on the chorus of his 2010 Teflon Don single, "B.M.F. (Blowin' Money Fast)": "I think I'm Big Meech, Larry Hoover / Whippin' work, hallelujah". [45]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latin Kings</span> Hispanic and Latino street gang based in Chicago, Illinois, United States

The Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation is a gang active primarily in the United States as well as internationally. The gang was founded by Puerto Ricans in Chicago, Illinois, in 1954. The Latin Kings are one of the largest Hispanic and Latino street and prison gangs worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gangster Disciples</span> American Street Gang

The Gangster Disciple Nation, also known as Growth & Development, is an African American street and prison gang founded by former rivals David Barksdale and Larry Hoover; in 1968, the two came together to form the Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN).

The Almighty InsanePopesNation is a Chicago, Illinois street gang, formed in the late 1950s on the north side of Chicago, primarily building membership from a Greek greaser gang that hung out at the corner of Lawrence and Rockwell. This small group had problems with the much larger Latin Kings gang on the north side, and so they began to associate with the Almighty Simon City Royals in an attempt to protect themselves. However, rather than joining the Royals outright, they eventually decided to form their own gang, which they named the Popes: this stood for "Protecting Our People Eliminating Spics".

The Almighty Latin Eagles Nation (ALEN) originated in the area of Halsted and Addison on the Northside of Chicago during the mid 1960s. Famous for spawning a strong Latino political organization in the late 1960’s, by the 1970s it had transformed into a nefarious criminal street gang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crips</span> Street gang from Los Angeles, California

The Crips are a primarily African-American alliance of street gangs that are based in the coastal regions of Southern California. Founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1969, mainly by Raymond Washington and Stanley Williams, the Crips began as an alliance between two autonomous gangs, and developed into a loosely connected network of individual "sets", often engaged in open warfare with one another. Its members have traditionally worn blue clothing since around 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago</span> U.S. federal prison

The Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago is a United States federal prison in Chicago, Illinois, which holds male and female prisoners of all security levels prior to and during court proceedings in the Northern District of Illinois, as well as inmates serving brief sentences. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice.

The Mickey Cobras are a gang affiliated with the nationwide alliance known as "People" and based in Chicago. The gang is considered stable, and its colors are green, black, and red. Factions of the gang are being established throughout the Midwest.

The Black Disciples is a large American street gang based in Chicago, Illinois.

The Simon City Royals, also known as the Almighty Simon City Royal Nation, are a street and prison gang which began in Chicago during 1952 as Simon City, a greaser gang. They named themselves for Simons Park, which is located on the corner of Drake and Wabansia in the Humboldt Park neighborhood where they originally formed. The gang had a major influence on other gangs around Chicago and the wider gang culture in Humboldt Park. The Royals are one of the oldest and largest white gangs in the US.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, African American organized crime emerged following the first and second large-scale migrations of African Americans from the Southern United States to major cities of the Northeast, Midwest, and later the West Coast. In many of these newly established communities and neighborhoods, criminal activities such as illegal gambling, speakeasies and were seen in the post-World War I and Prohibition eras. Although the majority of these businesses in African-American neighborhoods were operated by African Americans, it is often unclear the extent to which these operations were run independently of the larger criminal organizations of the time.

Jeff Fort, also known as Abdul Malik Ka'bah, is an American mobster and former gang kingpin from Chicago, Illinois.

David Barksdale, also known as King David, was an American gangster and activist from Chicago, Illinois. He was the founder of the Black Disciples. He and Larry Hoover decided to merge and create the Black Gangster Disciple Nation. Barksdale died on September 2, 1974, due to kidney failure, at the age of 27.

The Spanish Gangster Disciples is a street gang that originated on the south side of Chicago, respectively in the vicinity of 88th & Houston in the South Chicago neighborhood. The gang was founded by Rudy Rios, who was a former member of the Latin Scorpions street gang. It is an offshoot from Gangster Disciples.

The Maniac Latin Disciples Nation is a Hispanic street gang in Chicago and the largest in the Latino Folks Nation alliance. Originally known as only the Latin Disciples, the gang was founded by Albert "Hitler" Hernandez and other Puerto Rican teenagers in the Humboldt Park community in approximately 1966. They were influential in the culture and history of gangs in Humboldt Park, and continue to be active there today.

The Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute is a United States federal law that targets large-scale drug traffickers who are responsible for long-term and elaborate drug conspiracies. Unlike the RICO Act, which covers a wide range of organized crime enterprises, the CCE statute covers only major narcotics organizations. CCE is codified as Chapter 13 of Title 21 of the United States Code, 21 U.S.C. § 848. The statute makes it a federal crime to commit or conspire to commit a continuing series of felony violations of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 when such acts are taken in concert with five or more other persons. For conviction under the statute, the offender must have been an organizer, manager, or supervisor of the continuing operation and have obtained substantial income or resources from the drug violations.

<i>The Black Bar Mitzvah</i> 2012 mixtape by Rick Ross

The Black Bar Mitzvah is the third mixtape by American rapper Rick Ross, it was released on October 8, 2012. The mixtape features guest appearances from Rockie Fresh, Drake, Lil Reese, Diddy, Gunplay, 2 Chainz, Pharrell, and Whole Slab.

The Latin Counts is a Latino street gang based in Chicago, Illinois with a significant branch in Detroit, Michigan. It is a member of the People Nation alliance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gangs in Chicago</span> Gang activities in Chicago, Illinois, United States

Chicago is considered the most gang-occupied city in the United States, with 150,000 gang-affiliated tenants, representing more than 100 gangs. Gang warfare and retaliation are common in Chicago. Gangs were responsible for 61% of the homicides in Chicago in 2011.

Kanye With Special Guest Drake Free Larry Hoover Benefit Concert, or simply Free Larry Hoover Benefit Concert, was a one-off concert by American rapper Kanye West and Canadian rapper Drake. It was held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, on December 9th, 2021. A benefit concert, it was designed to bring awareness about prison and sentencing reform in the United States through the case of incarcerated former gangster, Larry Hoover.

References

  1. 1 2 Pitluk, Adam (April 28, 2009). Standing Eight: The Inspiring Story of Jesus "El Matador" Chavez, Who Became Lightweight Champion of the World. Hachette Books. ISBN   9780786733767 via Google Books.
  2. 1 2 "Vibe Sep 1995".[ permanent dead link ]
  3. 1 2 "Inmate Locator – BOP Register No. 86063-024". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  4. "Winndye Hoover, wife of Gangster Disciples founder Larry Hoover, holds onto hope for his eventual release". Chicago Sun-Times. 16 July 2021.
  5. "Larry Hoover's Biography". Larry Hoover and the Murder of William Young (1973). Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  6. "Larry Hoover". Biography.com. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  7. 1 2 "Larry Hoover tries again for sentencing break, says he wants 'nothing to do' with Gangster Disciples". Chicago Sun-Times. 7 July 2022.
  8. 1 2 "Leaderless Chicago street gangs vex police efforts to quell violence". Chicago Tribune . 29 July 2016.
  9. "Larry Hoover". Biography. 12 September 2019. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  10. "Larry Hoover". Infoplease.
  11. "PEOPLE v. HOWARD | 34 Ill. App.3d 145 (1975) | pp3d1451150 | Leagle.com". Leagle.
  12. "Black Gangster Disciples Nation". 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  13. "Gangster Disciples history and positions of authority". ActionNews5.com. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  14. "A Study of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation | Kibin". www.kibin.com. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  15. "Khalil Coleman: A Milwaukee Protest Leader's Chicago Gangland Ties". 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  16. Tobin, Michael (2022-09-22). "Minneapolis gang violence intensifies after police defunding: 'It's like you're playing Russian roulette'". Fox News. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  17. "Alleged Leaders of Gangster Disciples Indicted on Federal Racketeering Charges". www.justice.gov. 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  18. Smith, Ryan K. (2015-08-26). "Larry Hoover and Jeff Fort Eat Lunch Together In Prison | Don Diva Magazine". Archived from the original on 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  19. "Folk & People Nations". 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  20. "G-Train & LMG Mafia (Love Murdering Gangsters) | Ghostarchive". ghostarchive.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  21. George, Knox. "GANG THREAT ANALYSIS: The Black Disciples by George Knox, Ph.D." National Gang Crime Research Center. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  22. "CHICAGO KILLINGS UP 12% IN '89". Chicago Tribune. 2 January 1990. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  23. "Larry Hoover tries again for sentencing break, says he wants 'nothing to do' with Gangster Disciples". Chicago Sun-Times. 2022-07-07. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  24. 1 2 A, Aron (2022-07-07). "Larry Hoover Renounces The Gangster Disciples In Rare Public Comment". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  25. "Gangster Disciples' Ex-Leader Larry Hoover Tries Again For Resentencing". BET. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  26. "The Gang that Could Go Straight". Chicago Reader. January 26, 1995.
  27. "Why Is Larry Hoover In Prison".[ permanent dead link ]
  28. "Larry Hoover & The Gangster Disciples". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-06-26.
  29. Binelli, Mark (26 March 2015). "Inside America's Toughest Federal Prison". New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  30. "Federal judge denies sentencing break to Larry Hoover, 'one of the most notorious criminals in Illinois history'". Chicago Sun-Times. 2021-07-06. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  31. "The Gang that Could Go Straight". 26 January 1995.
  32. "Book It: A New Venture for the Disciples". Chicago Tribune . 18 September 1996.
  33. "The Blueprint: From Gangster Disciple to Growth and Development" . Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  34. "Companies tied to Gangster Disciples co-founder Larry Hoover, his family and supporters facing new federal scrutiny". Chicago Sun-Times. 2022-03-11. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  35. "Kim Kardashian West Has Helped Release 17 People From Prison In The Last Three Months". BuzzFeed News. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
  36. "Here's every word of Kanye West's bizarre meeting with President Trump". USA Today. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
  37. ""Free my father, Larry Hoover Sr" on Kanye West's Donda album explained". The Focus. 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
  38. "Kanye West and Drake Officially Announce "Free Larry Hoover" Los Angeles Concert". Pitchfork. 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
  39. "Drake's Performance From Kanye's Free Larry Hoover Benefit Concert Mysteriously Cut From Amazon Prime". Hypebeast. 2021-12-16. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  40. France, Lisa Respers (9 December 2021). "Kanye West and Drake's benefit concert to stream on Amazon". CNN. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
  41. Rindner, Grant (17 November 2021). "Five Good Things That Could Come From Drake and Kanye Squashing Their Beef". GQ.
  42. "Drake Squashed Kanye West Beef Because He Saw 'The Bigger Picture' of Saving Lives". 8 December 2021.
  43. ¥$ & Young Thug – RIVER , retrieved 2024-08-06
  44. "J Prince RELIVES His First Time Meeting LARRY HOOVER & SHARES The Conversation That Changed His Life | Ghostarchive". ghostarchive.org. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  45. "Larry Hoover Jr. speaks on Rick Ross saying his father's name in "B.M.F."". REVOLT. Retrieved 2023-01-18.

Further reading