Lawrence Wilkerson

Last updated
Lawrence Wilkerson
Lawrence wilkinson 5253335.jpg
Wilkerson in 2016
Personal details
Born (1945-06-15) June 15, 1945 (age 78)
Gaffney, South Carolina, U.S.
Political party Republican [1]
SpouseBarbara Ann Wilkerson (died November 28, 2021(2021-11-28) (aged 71))
Children2
OccupationDefense analyst
Military service
Allegiance United States of America
Branch/serviceFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army
Years of service1966–1997 [2]
Rank US-O6 insignia.svg Colonel
Battles/wars Vietnam War

Lawrence B.Wilkerson (born June 15, 1945) [3] is a retired United States Army Colonel and former chief of staff to United States Secretary of State Colin Powell.

Contents

Since the end of his military career, Wilkerson has criticized many aspects of the Iraq War, including his own preparation of Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council, as well as other aspects of American policy in the Middle East, as well as criticizing Israel.

Education and early military service

Wilkerson was born in Gaffney, South Carolina. [3]

After three years of studying philosophy and English literature at Bucknell University, [3] Wilkerson dropped out in 1966 and volunteered to serve in the Vietnam War. He told The Washington Post : "I felt an obligation because my dad had fought, and I thought that was kind of your duty." [4]

Wilkerson arrived as an Army officer piloting an OH-6A Cayuse observation helicopter and logged about 1100 combat hours over a year. He flew low and slow through South Vietnam, and was involved in one incident in which he says he prevented an atrocity by purposely placing his helicopter between a position that was full of civilians, and another helicopter that wanted to launch an attack on the position. He also had many vocal disagreements with his superiors and his own gunner crew over free-fire zones, including an incident in which one of his crew shot a wagon that wound up having a little girl inside it. [5] He went on to Airborne School and Ranger School before receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature and graduate degrees in international relations and national security.

He attended the Naval War College [3] in Newport, Rhode Island, and later returned there to teach. He later served as deputy director of the Marine Corps War College at Quantico. [6]

Wilkerson was executive Assistant to Admiral Stewart A. Ring, United States Navy Pacific Command and Director of the United States Marine Corps War College. [3]

Assistant to Colin Powell

Wilkerson spent some years in the United States Navy's Pacific Command in South Korea, Japan and Hawaii, where he was well regarded by his superiors.[ citation needed ] These recommendations led in early 1989 to a successful interview to become the assistant to Colin Powell, through 1993. [3] Powell was then finishing his stint as National Security Advisor in the Reagan administration and moving to a position in the United States Army Forces Command at Fort McPherson.

Wilkerson also had a stint as staff member to Richard Haass of the Council on Foreign Relations. [3]

Wilkerson continued his supporting role to Powell when the latter became Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff through the Gulf War, following Powell into civilian life and then back into public service when President George W. Bush appointed Powell Secretary of State. [6]

Wilkerson was responsible for the review of information from the Central Intelligence Agency used to prepare Powell for his February 2003 presentation to the United Nations Security Council. His failure to realize that the evidence was faulty has been attributed to the limited time (only one week) that he had to review the data. The subsequent developments led Wilkerson to become disillusioned: "Combine the detainee abuse issue with the ineptitude of post-invasion planning for Iraq, wrap both in this blanket of secretive decision-making...and you get the overall reason for my speaking out." [4]

Later career

Wilkerson has worked as a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Government and Public Policy at the College of William & Mary since January 2006, and taught national security affairs in the Honors Program at George Washington University from January 2006 until December 2011. [7]

Wilkerson is one of the people interviewed in the 2007 documentary film No End in Sight , a film that is very critical of the way the occupation of Iraq was handled in the spring of 2003.[ citation needed ]

As of 2014, he served on the advisory board of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation. [8]

In 2020, he was named a non-resident fellow of the Quincy Institute. [9] Wilkerson was involved in funding meetings for the Institute. [10]

Wilkerson is currently a Senior Fellow at the Eisenhower Media Network, [11] a group of former military, intelligence and civilian national security officials who described themselves as offering "alternative analyses untainted by Pentagon or defense industry ties" and countering "Washington’s establishment narrative on most national security issues of the day." [12] [ non-primary source needed ]

Political positions and statements

Since his retirement from the public sector Wilkerson has on several occasions spoken out against what he perceives as the poor planning and execution of the Iraq War as well as the global politics leading up to and following it. In particular he has denounced the decision-making process of the Bush administration and Vice President Dick Cheney's and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld's parts in it, and regularly describes the Bush administration as having been run by a neoconservative cabal. [13]

In the mid-2000s, he was a regular speaker at Ron Paul's Liberty Caucus. [14] In a September 2006 conference call, Wilkerson expressed support for Wesley Clark and Anthony Zinni. He also endorsed Jim Webb against incumbent George Allen in the 2006 U.S. Senate election in Virginia.[ citation needed ]

Treatment of detainees in Iraq

Wilkerson made comments in a radio interview in November 2005 that the Vice President had decided that the Third Geneva Convention (regarding treatment of POWs) would not apply to "al-Qaeda and al-Qaeda look-alike detainees" [15] and that the February 2002 White House memorandum regarding the "Humane Treatment of Taliban and al Qaeda Detainees" contained a loophole designed to avoid applying the Geneva convention to the detainees. According to Wilkerson, the phrase "the detainees (should) be treated humanely and, to the extent appropriate and consistent with military necessity, in a manner consistent with the principles of Geneva" [16] was a way to appear to play by the rules while in reality, the "military necessities" would always overrule concerns about the plight of the detainees. [15] Wilkerson said that this was result of Cheney and Rumsfeld working in collaboration to undermine the standard decision-making process of the White House (which included his superior, Colin Powell).

And so what I'm saying is, under the vice-president's protection, the secretary of defense moved out to do what they wanted to do in the first place even though the president had made a decision that was clearly a compromise.

— Lawrence Wilkerson, BBC Radio 4, November 25, 2005

Iraq war intelligence was "a hoax"; the war was for oil and Israel

At a congressional hearing recorded on C-SPAN in June 2005, he gave his analysis of the Iraq war's motivation: "'I use the acronym OIL,' he said, 'O for oil, I for Israel and L for the logistical base necessary or deemed necessary by the so-called neocons – and it reeks through all their documents – the logistical base whereby the United States and Israel could dominate that area of the world.'" He said Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon "has our president wrapped around his little finger" and that Bush has been "mesmerized" by Sharon. [17]

During an October 19, 2005 speech at the New America Foundation, Wilkerson criticized the intelligence community which compiled the Iraq War intelligence:

I can't tell you why the French, the Germans, the Brits and us thought that most of the material, if not all of it, that we presented at the U.N. on 5 February 2003 was the truth

— Lawrence Wilkerson, New America Foundation, October 19, 2005 [18] [ non-primary source needed ]

Wilkerson did a full-length audio commentary for the documentary Why We Fight . This film won the Grand Jury Prize for Documentary at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival. [19] [ non-primary source needed ]

In a 2006 interview, Wilkerson said that the speech Powell made before the United Nations on February 5, 2003—which laid out a case for war with Iraq—included falsehoods of which Powell had never been made aware. He said, "My participation in that presentation at the UN constitutes the lowest point in my professional life. I participated in a hoax on the American people, the international community and the United Nations Security Council." [20] Wilkerson said in 2011 that his preparing of the presentation was "probably the biggest mistake of my life", he regrets it, and that he regrets not resigning over it. [21]

He stated in the 2006 interview that neither CIA Director George Tenet nor the CIA analysts that gave Powell information on mobile biological laboratories explained that there were disputes about the reliability of the informants who had supplied the information—information which was used in the speech. Wilkerson also agreed with the interviewer that Cheney's frequent trips to the CIA would have brought "undue influence" on the agency. When asked if Cheney was "the kind of guy who could lean on somebody" he responded, "Absolutely. And be just as quiet and taciturn about it as-- he-- as he leaned on 'em. As he leaned on the Congress recently-- in the-- torture issue." Wilkerson stood by his earlier description of Cheney and Rumsfeld as having formed a cabal to hijack the decision-making process: "I'm worried and I would rather have the discussion and debate in the process we've designed than I would a diktat from a dumb strongman... I'd prefer to see the squabble of democracy to the efficiency of dictators." [22]

An Iranian overture, 2003

Wilkerson said in an interview on the BBC's Newsnight , January 17, 2007, that an Iranian offer to help stabilise Iraq after the American invasion, was positively received at the State Department, yet turned down by Dick Cheney. [23] [24] The reported offer consisted of help in stabilizing Iraq, cutting ties with Hezbollah and greater transparency in its nuclear program in return for lifting sanctions and dismantling the Mujahedeen-e Khalq, an organisation working to overthrow the Iranian government.

The Iraq war and the "Jewish lobby"

In 2006, he told Robert Dreyfuss of American Prospect that he wondered if the "primary allegiance" of Doug Feith and other "neocons" in the Bush Defense Department "was to their own country or to Israel." [25]

In April 2007, Wilkerson was featured in VPRO's Tegenlicht Dutch documentary The Israel Lobby. He said that "the Jewish lobby in America" and "AIPAC in particular" played an outsize influence in the run-up to Iraq war. Wilkerson noted Jewish officials such as Elliott Abrams, Paul Wolfowitz and Richard Perle in particular, and called their loyalty to the United States into question. [9] [25] [26]

His strong criticism of Israel has caused some to accuse him of antisemitism. His critique on Israel has also focused on Jews. [9] [25] [26]

Guantanamo continues to hold innocent men

In March 2009, Wilkerson wrote on The Washington Note blog that he knew from briefings as a Bush administration official that it was soon recognized that some of the captives in Guantanamo were innocent. [27] [28] Wilkerson said the Bush administration was willing to continue to detain innocent men who might nevertheless be aware of useful information about the Afghanistan "mosaic":

  • It did not matter if a detainee were innocent. Indeed, because he lived in Afghanistan and was captured on or near the battle area, he must know something of importance.
  • ...sufficient information about a village, a region, or a group of individuals, that dots could be connected and terrorists or their plots could be identified.

Wilkerson stated in 2009 that Guantanamo Bay detention camp continues to hold innocent men. [27] Wilkerson said that he felt compelled to come forward after hearing former Vice President Dick Cheney state that President Barack Obama's plans to close Guantanamo made the public less safe. [29] Commander Jeffrey Gordon, a Guantanamo spokesman, declined to comment on Wilkerson's specific observations. Gordon said that "dealing with foreign fighters from a wide variety of countries in a wartime setting was a complex process." [27]

In The New Republic , columnist Jamie Kirchick criticised the plausibility of Wilkerson's allegations, calling him a "third-rate conspiracy theorist and a borderline bigot". [25]

Chemical weapons in Syria

In 2013, Wilkerson speculated that Israel had used chemical weapons in Syria. [30] His detractors have claimed these comments to be antisemitic. [25] [26]

Specifically, Wilkerson suggested the Ghouta chemical attack was an Israeli false flag operation to discredit Bashar Assad's government in Syria. [31] [32]

Iran's democracy

In a March 20, 2015 CNN interview, Wilkerson said,

I would say very, very candidly that Iran is probably the most democratic country in the Persian gulf region right now. My Republican colleagues will boil their eyes at that, but it is the most democratic country. It's a theocracy, no question about it. But it is possessed of the democratic tendencies that far outweigh those of, say, Bahrain or Saudi Arabia or even Egypt. [33]

Antisemitism controversies

In 2016, Michael Rubin of the American Enterprise Institute criticed Wilkerson for having "descended into a fevered swamp of conspiracy and hate." Rubin cited his Israel false flag theories about chemical weapons, alleged he "has flirted on the margins with 9/11 conspiracy theories", is regularly a guest on antisemitic state broadcasters Russia Today and Press TV, and is close to Lyndon LaRouche associate Robert Dreyfuss. [26]

In his comments strongly critiquing Israel he sometimes refers to Jewish lobbying. [25] [26] The working defintion of antisemitism developed by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance includes such collective criticism of Israel and Jews. [34]

On November 17, 2023, in an interview to Dialogue Works, Wilkerson drew parallels between the zionist movement to the national socialist movement by saying, "These Zionists who are so zestful for other people's property and other people's territory, they don't seem to have a closure to their appetite. You know who they remind me of in that regard? They remind me of Adolf Hitler." [35]

Trump administration foreign policy

Wilkerson showed concern over the Trump Administration's foreign policy behavior, [36] particularly on Iran and Trump's work against the Iran nuclear deal. [37]

In September 2018, Wilkerson further said that the neoconservative agenda regarding war on Syria and Iran also threatens conflict between the U.S. and Russia and the long-term bogging down of U.S. military forces in major conflict. Wilkerson stated: "My serious concern is about the way U.S. National Security Advisor John Bolton and others in their positions of power now are orchestrating a scenario whereby Donald Trump, for political reasons or whatever, can use force in a significant way against Assad and ultimately Iran, because Iran's forces are there, and ultimately against Russia, because their forces are there in Syria, and this is most disquieting." The neoconservatives' military plan, argues Wilkerson, is "a recipe for" the U.S. military being in the region for "the next generation" with significant force "mired even deeper in this morass" and with the "day after day" attrition of dollars and lives. [38] [39] [ non-primary source needed ][ unreliable source? ]

Role of military relative to climate change

Wilkerson stated in a 2022 Massachusetts Peace Action YouTube video, that climate change and nuclear war overshadow all other concerns. [40] In a May 2022 editorial for the Quincy Institute, he considered the role of the U.S. and other militaries in coping with famines that result from climate change and war. [41]

Personal life

Wilkerson married Barbara Ann Wilkerson in 1966, just before he entered the Vietnam War. They had two children, a son and a daughter, who both served in the military. [4] Barbara Ann Wilkerson passed away in 2021 at the age of 71. [42]

Wilkerson heads the Colin Powell Leadership Club, a group of MacFarland middle school students in Washington, D.C. [4]

He is a lifelong Republican and on the political right. [1]

Awards

Wilkerson was the 2009 recipient of the Sam Adams Award for Integrity in Intelligence. [43]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abu Zubaydah</span> Saudi Arabian Guantanamo detainee

Abu Zubaydah is a Palestinian citizen and alleged terrorist born in Saudi Arabia currently held by the U.S. in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. He is held under the authority of Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald Rumsfeld</span> American politician and diplomat (1932–2021)

Donald Henry Rumsfeld was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under president Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. He was both the youngest and the oldest secretary of defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a four-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1963–1969), director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969–1970), counselor to the president (1969–1973), the U.S. Representative to NATO (1973–1974), and the White House Chief of Staff (1974–1975). Between his terms as secretary of defense, he served as the CEO and chairman of several companies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of George W. Bush</span> U.S. presidential administration from 2001 to 2009

George W. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican from Texas, took office following his narrow Electoral College victory over Democratic incumbent vice president Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election, in which he lost the popular vote to Gore by 543,895 votes. Four years later, in the 2004 presidential election, he narrowly defeated Democrat nominee John Kerry, to win re-election. Bush served two terms and was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who won the 2008 presidential election. Bush is the eldest son of the 41st president, George H. W. Bush.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Crocker</span> American diplomat (born 1949)

Ryan Clark Crocker is a retired American diplomat who served as a career ambassador within the United States Foreign Service. A recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, he served as United States ambassador to Afghanistan (2011–2012), Iraq (2007–2009), Pakistan (2004–2007), Syria (1998–2001), Kuwait (1994–1997), and Lebanon (1990–1993). In January 2010, he became dean of Texas A&M University's George Bush School of Government and Public Service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Perle</span> American political advisor

Richard Norman Perle is an American political advisor who served as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs under President Ronald Reagan. He began his political career as a senior staff member to Senator Henry "Scoop" Jackson on the Senate Armed Services Committee in the 1970s. He served on the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee from 1987 to 2004 where he served as chairman from 2001 to 2003 under the Bush administration before resigning due to conflict of interests.

The Office of Special Plans (OSP), which existed from September 2002 to June 2003, was a Pentagon unit created by Paul Wolfowitz and Douglas Feith, and headed by Feith, as charged by then–United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, to supply senior George W. Bush administration officials with raw intelligence pertaining to Iraq. A similar unit, called the Iranian Directorate, was created several years later, in 2006, to deal with intelligence on Iran.

<i>Plan of Attack</i> 2004 nonfiction book by Bob Woodward

Plan of Attack is a 2004 book by the American author and investigative reporter Bob Woodward. It was promoted as "a behind-the-scenes account of how and why President [George W.] Bush decided to go to war against Iraq".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</span> 2004 American military scandal during the Iraq War

During the early stages of the Iraq War, members of the United States Army and the Central Intelligence Agency committed a series of human rights violations and war crimes against detainees in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, including physical abuse, sexual humiliation, physical and psychological torture, and rape, as well the killing of Manadel al-Jamadi and the desecration of his body. The abuses came to public attention with the publication of photographs of the abuse by CBS News in April 2004. The incidents caused shock and outrage, receiving widespread condemnation within the United States and internationally.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammed al-Qahtani</span> Saudi Arabian Guantanamo detainee

Mohammed Mani Ahmad al-Qahtani is a Saudi citizen who was detained as an al-Qaeda operative for 20 years in the United States's Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba. Qahtani allegedly tried to enter the United States to take part in the September 11 attacks as the 20th hijacker and was due to be onboard United Airlines Flight 93 along with the four other hijackers. He was refused entry due to suspicions that he was trying to illegally immigrate. He was later captured in Afghanistan in the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001.

The Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory was based on false claims by the United States government alleging that a secretive relationship existed between Iraqi president Saddam Hussein and the Sunni pan-Islamist militant organization al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003. The George W. Bush administration promoted it as a main rationale for invading Iraq in 2003.

Jamal Udeen Al-Harith, born Ronald Fiddler also known as Abu-Zakariya al-Britani, was a British citizen who reportedly died carrying out a suicide bombing in Iraq in February 2017.

Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States, in the context of the early twenty-first century War on Terrorism, refers to foreign nationals the United States detains outside of the legal process required within United States legal jurisdiction. In this context, the U.S. government is maintaining torture centers, called black sites, operated by both known and secret intelligence agencies. Such black sites were later confirmed by reports from journalists, investigations, and from men who had been imprisoned and tortured there, and later released after being tortured until the CIA was comfortable they had done nothing wrong, and had nothing to hide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Addington</span> American lawyer

David Spears Addington is an American lawyer who was legal counsel (2001–2005) and chief of staff (2005–2009) to Vice President Dick Cheney. He was the vice president of domestic and economic policy studies at The Heritage Foundation from 2010 to 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</span> United States military prison in southeastern Cuba

The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison within the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Gitmo, on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. As of April 2023, of the 779 people detained there since January 2002 when the military prison first opened after the September 11 attacks, 740 had been transferred elsewhere, 30 remained there, and nine had died while in custody.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dick Cheney</span> Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009

Richard Bruce Cheney is an American politician and businessman who served as the 46th vice president of the United States from 2001 to 2009 under President George W. Bush. Often cited as the most powerful vice president in American history, Cheney previously served as White House Chief of Staff for President Gerald Ford, the U.S. representative for Wyoming's at-large congressional district from 1979 to 1989, and as the 17th United States secretary of defense in the administration of President George H. W. Bush. He is the oldest living former U.S. vice president, following the death of Walter Mondale in 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush</span>

On May 8, 2006, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a missive directly to then United States President George W. Bush that proposed "new ways" to end the dispute over the Islamic Republic's development of nuclear power.

Adel Hassan Hamad is a citizen of Sudan, who was held in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba. Joint Task Force Guantanamo counter-terrorism analysts estimate he was born in 1958, in Port Sudan, Sudan. Adel Hassan was repatriated to Sudan without charges on December 12, 2007.

"Enhanced interrogation techniques" or "enhanced interrogation" was a program of systematic torture of detainees by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and various components of the U.S. Armed Forces at remote sites around the world—including Bagram, Guantanamo Bay, Abu Ghraib, and Bucharest—authorized by officials of the George W. Bush administration. Methods used included beating, binding in contorted stress positions, hooding, subjection to deafening noise, sleep disruption, sleep deprivation to the point of hallucination, deprivation of food, drink, and medical care for wounds, as well as waterboarding, walling, sexual humiliation, rape, sexual assault, subjection to extreme heat or extreme cold, and confinement in small coffin-like boxes. A Guantanamo inmate's drawings of some of these tortures, to which he himself was subjected, were published in The New York Times. Some of these techniques fall under the category known as "white room torture". Several detainees endured medically unnecessary "rectal rehydration", "rectal fluid resuscitation", and "rectal feeding". In addition to brutalizing detainees, there were threats to their families such as threats to harm children, and threats to sexually abuse or to cut the throat of detainees' mothers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matthew Waxman</span> American law professor

Matthew Curtis Waxman is an American law professor at Columbia University and author who held several positions during the George W. Bush administration. He is also currently a Fellow at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace.

<i>Known and Unknown: A Memoir</i> 2011 autobiographical book by Donald Rumsfeld

Known and Unknown: A Memoir is an autobiographical book by Donald Rumsfeld published through Penguin Group USA in February 2011. It covers a variety of his experiences such as serving as a member of the United States House of Representatives in the late 60s, as a member of the Nixon and Ford administrations during the Watergate scandal and Vietnam War, and as George W. Bush's Secretary of Defense at the onset of the War on Terror.

References

  1. 1 2 "Republican Party must change, warns ex U.S. Army Colonel - CBC Radio". CBC. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  2. ↑ "Lawrence Wilkerson". Archived from the original on June 21, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Oral history interview with Lawrence B. Wilkerson, 2011". Columbia University Libraries - Columbia Center for Oral History - Oral History Interviews Portal. 2011. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Lei, Richard (19 January 2006). "Breaking Ranks". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  5. ↑ Deborah Nelson, “THE WAR BEHIND ME: Vietnam Veterans Confront the Truth About U.S. War Crimes”, Basic Books, ISBN   978-0-465-00527-7, October 28, 2008
  6. 1 2 "To What Extent Are Trump Administration Policies Making the World a More Dangerous Place? An interview with Col. Lawrence Wilkerson". WMNF. 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  7. ↑ "Government Faculty Directory". College of William & Mary. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  8. ↑ "Foundation Voices". Military Religious Freedom Foundation. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 "New US think tank accused of antisemitism". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  10. ↑ Rosen, Armin (28 April 2021). "Washington's Weirdest Think Tank". Tablet Magazine. New York. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  11. ↑ "wilkerson". Eisenhower Media Network. 9 February 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  12. ↑ "About EMN". Eisenhower Media Network. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  13. ↑ Knowlton, Brian (21 October 2005). "Former Powell Aide Says Bush Policy is Run by 'Cabal'". The New York Times.
  14. ↑ Caldwell, Christopher (22 July 2007). "The Antiwar, Anti-Abortion, Anti-Drug-Enforcement-Administration, Anti-Medicare Candidacy of Dr. Ron Paul". The New York Times.
  15. 1 2 "Transcript of Wilkerson interview". BBC. 25 November 2005. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  16. ↑ The White House (7 February 2002). "Memorandum: "Humane Treatment of Taliban and al Qaeda Detainees"" (PDF). The White House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-25. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  17. ↑ "User Clip: Ray McGovern O.I.L." C-SPAN.org. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
  18. ↑ "Col. Lawrence Wilkerson on the Bush Administration's National Security Decision Making Process". New America Foundation. October 19, 2005. Archived from the original on November 30, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
  19. ↑ "Internet Movie Database (IMDb) entry for Why We Fight". Internet Movie Database Inc. January 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  20. ↑ "Interview on the PBS show NOW with Col. Lawrence Wilkerson about pre-war intelligence". Public Affairs Television. February 3, 2006. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
  21. ↑ "Ex-Bush Official Col. Lawrence Wilkerson: 'I am Willing to Testify' If Dick Cheney is Put on Trial". Democracy Now! . August 30, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  22. ↑ "Colonel Larry Wilkerson to Receive 2009 Sam Adams Truthtelling Award". HuffPost. 19 October 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
  23. ↑ "Washington 'snubbed Iran offer'". BBC News. 18 January 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  24. ↑ "Report: Cheney Rejected Iran Concessions". London: Guardian Unlimited. 18 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-20.[ dead link ]
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kirchick, James (15 May 2009). "The Latest Delusions Of Lawrence Wilkerson". The New Republic. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Rubin, Michael (18 March 2016). "Colin Powell Should Disavow His Hateful Aide". Newsweek. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  27. 1 2 3 Andrew O. Selsky (2009-03-18). "Ex-Bush admin official: Many at Gitmo are innocent". Associated Press . Retrieved 2009-03-18.[ permanent dead link ]
  28. ↑ Lawrence Wilkerson (2009-03-16). "Guest Post by Lawrence Wilkerson: Some Truths About Guantanamo Bay". The Washington Note. Archived from the original on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  29. ↑ "Most Guantanamo detainees are innocent: ex-Bush official". CBC News. 2009-03-18. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
  30. ↑ Nachimson, Sarah (28 February 2016). "Trump Disavows Ex-KKK Head David Duke for 2nd Time". The Forward. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  31. ↑ "Former Bush Administration Official: Israel May be Behind Use of Chemical Arms in Syria". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2022-05-19.
  32. ↑ Moynihan, Michael (14 April 2017). "From ISIS to Ebola, What Has Made Naomi Wolf So Paranoid?". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  33. ↑ "Lawrence Wilkerson interview transcript". CNN. 2015-03-20. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
  34. ↑ "What is antisemitism?". IHRA. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
  35. ↑ "Dialogue Works Interview". youtube. Dialogue Works.
  36. ↑ Rex Tillerson, China, and Tensions Over North Korea on YouTube MSNBC Published on Mar 18, 2017
  37. ↑ "Trump Iran war". The NYTimes. February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
  38. ↑ Dick, Adam (2018-09-14). "Lawrence Wilkerson on the Neocons Plan: War in Syria, Then Iran". Antiwar.com Blog. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  39. ↑ "Lawrence Wilkerson On The Neocons Plan: War In Syria, Then Iran". The Iranian. 2018-09-16. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  40. ↑ Lawrence Wilkerson - Ukraine, NATO, and the US: The History and the Problems on YouTube Massachusetts Peace Action, published Mar 13, 2022
  41. ↑ Wilkerson, Lawrence (2022-05-17). "US military must renew its mission to meet climate-charged global crisis". Responsible Statecraft . Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  42. ↑ "Barbara Ann Wilkerson". Dignity Memorial. 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  43. ↑ Rowley, Coleen (19 October 2009). "Colonel Larry Wilkerson to Receive 2009 Sam Adams Truthtelling Award". Huffington Post.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.