| Lehmannia carpatica | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Limacidae |
| Subfamily: | Limacinae |
| Genus: | Lehmannia |
| Species: | L. carpatica |
| Binomial name | |
| Lehmannia carpatica Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022 [1] | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Lehmannia carpatica is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae.
When Grossu & Lupu (1963) [2] first noted this species, in Romania, its long penis and lack of penial appendage led it to be confused with Ambigolimax waterstoni , which at that time was incorrectly named as Limax nyctelius; the later renamings as Lehmannia nyctelia or Ambigolimax nyctelius remained incorrect. Only in 2022 [1] was the confusion recognised, requiring both A. waterstoni and L. carpatica to be formally described as distinct species. [3] [4] The same article described a third species, Ambigolimax parvipenis [5] that had also been called Lehmannia nyctelia and confused with the other two; the article further pointed out that the original name Limax nyctelius referred to a species of Letourneuxia. [6]
Lehmannia carpatica had also been misidentified as Mesolimax braunii in an article published in 1898. [7] [8]
The adjective carpatica refers to the Carpathian Mountains, along the length of which the species occurs. The type locality is Morskie Oko in the High Tatra Mountains of Poland. [1]
Lehmannia carpatica occurs at high elevations along the Carpathian Mountains, in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania and Serbia. It also occurs in mountains further south, in Albania, Montenegro and Bulgaria. In both eastern Bulgaria and southern Poland there are also records from lower-altitude woodland. [1]
The slugs graze lichens on trees and rocks, and appear only at night or in the rain. [8]
The species grows to about 5 cm long (when crawling). Like other limacids, the animals are slim with a pointed tail, and the pneumostome lies is the posterior half of the mantle. Lehmannia carpatica usually has a mottled dirty-grey to greyish-brown appearance, similar to a number of other Lehmannia species such as L. marginata . A pale line runs along the midline of the back, bordered by darker markings. On the mantle, dark lines run along both sides, and there may also be dark central blotches in the middle. At high altitudes melanistic forms sometimes occur, and in Moravia a distinctive form occurs with dark spots on a pale background. [9] [1]
The penis is long, without a penial appendage, although penis length varies considerably. These characters are shared with Ambigolimax waterstoni, but that species has two prominent flaps running along the inside of the penis whereas these are lacking in L. carpatica, which instead has a prominent funnel-like structure at the end of the penis, surrounding the connection to the vas deferens. [1]
Limax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.
Deroceras praecox is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Agriolimacidae.
Limacidae, also known by their common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea.
Deroceras rodnae is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Agriolimacidae.
Lehmannia is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. The genus is distributed in Europe and North Africa.
Ambigolimax valentianus is a species of terrestrial slug, a pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae. It has spread very widely around the world, especially in greenhouses, where it can be a pest; in warmer climates it has often then spread outdoors. Comparatively much has been learnt about its life cycle and temperature relations. Dissection is necessary to reliably distinguish it from congeners in regions where these co-occur.
Letourneuxia is a genus of large air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs.
Lehmannia melitensis is a species of air-breathing land slug, a shell-less pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae.
Deroceras invadens is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Agriolimacidae. Until 2011, this widely distributed species was known as Deroceras panormitanum, and earlier as Deroceras caruanae or Agriolimax caruanae, but Reise et al. (2011) showed that these names refer to a distinct species of similar external appearance known at that time only from Sicily and Malta. Consequently, although the more widespread species was already well known, it then had to be redescribed under the new name of D. invadens. Genetic evidence has indicated that D. invadens is native in southern Italy, including parts of Sicily, and possibly parts of central Italy. Elsewhere it has been introduced, predominantly within the last 100 years, but its spread has been constrained by cold winter temperatures.
Ambigolimax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. There is still ongoing disagreement whether it is more appropriate to consider Ambigolimax as merely a subgenus of Lehmannia; the evidence for splitting them is phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of DNA sequences.
The name Ambigolimax nyctelius has been used to refer to several species of air-breathing land slugs in the family Limacidae. An article published in 2022 revealed this confusion and furthermore showed that the original description applied to a slug species in a different family. The above names are therefore no longer appropriate and care is need to interpret the meaning of earlier usages.
Letourneuxia nyctelia is a species of terrestrial slug, a gastropod mollusc, belonging to the family Arionidae.
Ambigolimax parvipenis is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the Limacidae.
Ambigolimax waterstoni is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Limacidae.