Leptomyxida

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Leptomyxida
Rhizamoeba movement.png
Rhizamoeba saxonica
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Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Class: Tubulinea
Order: Leptomyxida
Pussard & Pons, 1976
Families

Leptomyxida is an order of Amoebozoa. [1] [2]

It includes species such as Flabellula citata , Paraflabellula hoguae , Paraflabellula reniformis , Rhizamoeba saxonica and Leptomyxa reticulata .

Contents

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Leptomyxida as revised in 2017 recognizes 23 confirmed species: [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amoebozoa</span> Phylum of protozoans

Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional classification schemes, Amoebozoa is usually ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked "supergroup" within Eukaryota. Molecular genetic analysis supports Amoebozoa as a monophyletic clade. Modern studies of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, named Amorphea. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as Chaos, Entamoeba, Pelomyxa and the genus Amoeba itself. Species of Amoebozoa may be either shelled (testate) or naked, and cells may possess flagella. Free-living species are common in both salt and freshwater as well as soil, moss and leaf litter. Some live as parasites or symbionts of other organisms, and some are known to cause disease in humans and other organisms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lobosa</span> Phylum of protozoans

Lobosa is a taxonomic group of amoebae in the phylum Amoebozoa. Most lobosans possess broad, bluntly rounded pseudopods, although one genus in the group, the recently discovered Sapocribrum, has slender and threadlike (filose) pseudopodia. In current classification schemes, Lobosa is a subphylum, composed mainly of amoebae that have lobose pseudopods but lack cilia or flagella.

The Vannellidae are a family of Amoebozoa, which are found in soil, fresh- and salt water. The most common genus is Vannella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tubulinea</span> Class of protozoans

The Tubulinea are a major grouping of Amoebozoa, including most of the more familiar amoebae genera like Amoeba, Arcella, Difflugia and Hartmannella.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Discosea</span> Class of amoebae

Discosea is a class of Amoebozoa, consisting of naked amoebae with a flattened, discoid body shape. Members of the group do not produce tubular or subcylindrical pseudopodia, like amoebae of the class Tubulinea. When a discosean is in motion, a transparent layer called hyaloplasm forms at the leading edge of the cell. In some discoseans, short "subpseudopodia" may be extended from this hyaloplasm, but the granular contents of the cell do not flow into these, as in true pseudopodia. Discosean amoebae lack hard shells, but some, like Cochliopodium and Korotnevella secrete intricate organic scales which may cover the upper (dorsal) surface of the cell. No species have flagella or flagellated stages of life.

Gephyramoeba is a genus of heterotrophic amoebae, morphologically similar to genera Rhizamoeba and Leptomyxa, although it is not genetically related to either of these genera.

<i>Cochliopodium</i> Genus of protozoans

Cochliopodium is a Himatismenida genus.

Hartmannella is a genus of Amoebozoa.

Leptomyxa is a free-living genus of lobose naked multinucleate amoebae in the order Leptomyxida that inhabits freshwater, soil and mosses. It is very closely related to the genus Rhizamoeba, and some species have been moved between the two genera due to molecular data.

<i>Rhizamoeba</i> Genus of marine lobose amoebae

Rhizamoeba is a small genus of free-living marine naked lobose amoebae in the monotypic family Rhizamoebidae in the order Leptomyxida. It is most closely related to Leptomyxa and Flabellula, and some species have been moved to Leptomyxa due to molecular data.

<i>Mayorella</i> Genus of small ameboid protist that inhabits soil, freshwater, and marine environments

Mayorella is a genus of small amoeboid protists in the phylum Amoebozoa. The genus consists of amoebae that exhibit pseudopodia and feed on a variety of organisms through phagocytosis, making them an important group in microbial ecology across most environments worldwide. Mayorella species have been found in soil, freshwater and marine environments.

Polychaos is an amoeboid genus in the Amoebozoa group. Several characters unite the species in this genus. The pseudopods meld at their bases when the organism is moving, and have dorsal, longitudinal ridges. The nucleus is oval or ellipsoidal.

<i>Trichosphaerium</i> Genus of amoebae

Trichosphaerium is a genus of amoebozoan protists that present extraordinary morphological transformations, both in size and shape, during their life cycle. They can present a test that may or may not be covered in spicules. They are related to the family Microcoryciidae, which contains other amoebae with tests, within the clade Corycidia of the phylum Amoebozoa.

<i>Thecamoeba</i> Genus of amoebae

Thecamoebais a genus of Amoebozoa with a tough pellicle simulating a shell.

Flabellula is a genus of Amoebozoa.

Paraflabellula is a genus of Amoebozoa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flabellinia</span> Subclass of Amoebozoa

The Flabellinia are a subclass of Amoebozoa. During locomotion the cells are flattened and have a clear layer called hyaloplasm along the front margin. Some form slender subpseudopodia projecting outward from the hyaloplasm, but the cell mass does not flow into these as in true pseudopodia, and advances without a definite central axis as in the Tubulinea. They also lack distinctive features like shells and flagella, and are united mainly by evidence from molecular trees.

Cutosea is a small group of marine amoeboid protists proposed in 2016. It is a monotypic class of Amoebozoa containing the order Squamocutida. Cutosean organisms are characterized by a cell coat of microscales separated from the cell membrane. Four genera, Armaparvus, Idionectes, Sapocribrum and Squamamoeba, belong to this group, distributed in three families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cryptodifflugiidae</span> Family of testate amoebae

Cryptodifflugiidae is a family of arcellinid testate amoebae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evosea</span> Group of amoebae

Evosea is a diverse clade of amoeboid protists discovered through molecular analyses. Along with Tubulinea and Discosea, Evosea is one of the three major groups within Amoebozoa, an important clade of eukaryotic organisms. It contains unicellular organisms that display a wide variety of life cycles and cell shapes, including amoebae, flagellates and different kinds of slime molds.

References

  1. "Leptomyxida". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
  2. Iva Dyková; Ivan Fiala; Hana Pecková; Helena Dvořáková (2008). "Phylogeny of Flabellulidae (Amoebozoa: Leptomyxida) inferred from SSU rDNA sequences of the type strain of Flabellula citata Schaeffer, 1926 and newly isolated strains of marine amoebae" (PDF). Folia Parasitologica . 55 (4): 256–264. doi: 10.14411/fp.2008.033 . PMID   19175203.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Smirnov, Alexey; Nassonova, Elena; Geisen, Stefan; Bonkowski, Michael; Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Berney, Cedric; Glotova, Anna; Bondarenko, Natalya; Dyková, Iva; Mrva, Martin; Fahrni, Jose; Pawlowski, Jan (2017). "Phylogeny and Systematics of Leptomyxid Amoebae (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Leptomyxida)". Protist. 168 (2): 220–252. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.006. ISSN   1434-4610. PMID   28343121.
  4. Del Valle, Alvaro De Obeso Fernandez; Lorenzo-Morales, Jacob; Maciver, Sutherland K. (2017). "Leptomyxa valladaresi n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Leptomyxida), from Mount Teide, Tenerife, Spain". Experimental Parasitology. 183: 85–91. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.017. hdl: 20.500.11820/388d40ed-c270-401e-8430-5fdf722b0b67 . ISSN   0014-4894. PMID   29042273. S2CID   8368259.
  5. Smirnov, Alexey (2018). "Fine structure of Leptomyxa ambigua n. sp. CCAP 1546/2 strain, formerly known as "Rhizamoeba flabellata" (Amoebozoa, Tubulinea, Leptomyxida)". European Journal of Protistology. 62: 95–100. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2017.12.001. ISSN   0932-4739.