Leroy Chollet

Leroy Chollet

Chollet at Canisius College, in 1948
Personal information
Born	(1925-03-05)March 5, 1925 New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Died	June 10, 1998(1998-06-10) (aged 73) Rocky River, Ohio, U.S.
Listed height	6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Listed weight	190 lb (86 kg)
Career information
High school	Holy Cross School (New Orleans, Louisiana)
College	Loyola (Louisiana) (1944–1945) Canisius (1946–1949)
Position	Forward
Number	9, 11
Career history
1949–1951	Syracuse Nationals
1950–1951	Utica Pros
1951–1952	Elmira Colonels
Career highlights and awards
NAIA champion (1945)
Stats   at NBA.com
Stats   at Basketball-Reference.com

Leroy Patrick Chollet (March 5, 1925 – June 10, 1998) was an American professional basketball player who led then-segregated Loyola University New Orleans (which admitted only white students until the 1950s) ^[1] to its first national championship. After his African American heritage was revealed, ^{[note 1]} Chollet moved from New Orleans to New York and played three seasons for Canisius College. In New York, he passed as white; Canisius would later claim Chollet to be the school's first African American basketball player.

He played for several professional teams, including the Syracuse Nationals. During the inaugural season of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Chollet became a role player behind established veterans, and the team made it to the 1950 NBA Finals. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame at Holy Cross School, Loyola, and Canisius.

Early life and high school

Leroy Chollet was born to Olga and Alfred Chollet on March 5, 1925. ^[2] His paternal great-grandmother was black, making Chollet and his siblings one-eighth black. ^{[note 1]} By the standards of the time, this meant that Leroy Chollet and his family were subject to racial segregation laws in the South. The family moved from New Roads to New Orleans, where they passed as white. The Chollet brothers—Leroy, Al, and Hillary—all attended Holy Cross School, which refused admission to black students. ^[3] The brothers excelled at sports, and Leroy led the basketball team to consecutive state titles. ^[4]

College career

Brothers Leroy and Hillary Chollet played for Canisius and Cornell respectively, after they "were run out of" 1940s New Orleans for racial reasons.

Chollet served eleven months in the U.S. Navy before being discharged and moving on to college. ^[5] He attended Loyola University in New Orleans from 1944 to 1945 as a student athlete, ^[2] during a season that played out against the backdrop of World War II. Loyola alumni followed the team from overseas, writing battlefield letters back to the current players, ^[6] and the school held Mass in memory of former students who were killed in action. ^[7] The team faced traditional Dixie Conference opponents and armed forces teams from across the Southern United States. ^{[8] [note 2]}

During his freshman year, Chollet led the Loyola Wolf Pack to Louisiana's first national basketball championship. ^[9] After a slow start, he became the team's leading scorer. ^[10] In the low-scoring semifinals of the 1945 NAIA basketball tournament, Loyola fell behind 30–21 before Chollet and team captain John Casteix led the Wolf Pack on a late-game scoring run; they beat Southern Illinois by a single basket. ^[11] In their final game, Loyola defeated Pepperdine University, with Chollet scoring a game-high 18 points. ^[12]

His younger brother, Hillary Chollet, had become a high school football star, recruited by rival colleges Louisiana State University (LSU) and Tulane. After Hillary chose Tulane, the family's genealogy came under increased scrutiny. Louisiana colleges were segregated, and neither Tulane nor Loyola accepted black students at the time. ^[3] Chollet's Wolf Pack teammates wanted him to stay at Loyola but could not influence the unfolding events. ^{[note 3]} Amidst public rumors of their African American ancestry, the Chollet parents endured harassment, the family was ostracized socially, and both brothers were pushed out of New Orleans' white universities. ^{[note 4]} Hillary went out of state to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and Leroy transferred to Canisius College, a private Jesuit college in Buffalo, New York. Their older brother Al and their parents followed them to New York after an experience the family described as "being run out of town". ^{[note 5] [3]}

Chollet played three seasons for Canisius ^[13] during an era of post-war growth for Western New York sports. ^[14] Canisius sold out the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium for the first time, ^[15] and the school played games in Madison Square Garden to audiences of over 17,000 fans. ^[16] While Chollet was on the team, Louisiana State University traveled to New York twice and lost to Canisius both times. ^[3] Their 55–45 win over Baylor was the first televised basketball game in Western New York. ^[17] Chollet became the school's first player to total 1,000 points. ^[13] In the final game of his senior season, Chollet scored 14 points to push the school record to 1,116 total points. ^{[18] [19]}

In New York, the Chollet family again passed as white. Louisiana newspapers did not openly publish their ancestry, ^[20] and the family was not a part of the local black community. ^[3] Canisius later claimed Leroy Chollet as their first African American basketball player. ^[13] Chollet was inducted into the Canisius Hall of Fame in 1964, ^[18] and the Loyola Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993. ^[2]

Professional career

Leroy Chollet (center) contesting a shot from Danny Finn in the ABL

Chollet signed with the Syracuse Nationals for the NBA's 1949–50 inaugural season, after the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball League (NBL) merged. ^{[3] [note 6]} In the NBA's early days, the most successful and popular franchises were the smaller Midwest teams that had originated in the NBL. ^[21] Syracuse was one of the league's smallest markets. ^[22] The NBA was ostensibly a white league at the beginning, with Wataru Misaka, an American of Japanese descent, the only openly non-white player. ^{[23] [note 7]}

In the NBA, Chollet was a reserve guard tasked with facilitating. No longer a primary scoring option, his role was to set up plays and distribute the ball to the teams' veteran players. ^[24] The Nationals were led by future Basketball Hall of Famer Dolph Schayes, all-star Billy Gabor, and player-coach Al "The Digger" Cervi. Syracuse made it to the first NBA Finals in 1950 but fell to the Minneapolis Lakers in six games. ^[25]

During his first season with the Nationals, Chollet feuded with Al Cervi over playing time. ^{[22] [3]} Chollet told Cervi that he would make a better coach during an argument. ^[26] When Cervi responded by making Chollet coach for a game, the rookie benched his own coach. ^[27] According to teammate Alex Hannum, "Chollet did not send Cervi in until the last 30 seconds or so—about the usual time Cervi sent in Leroy." ^[22]

"One game [Cervi] got so fed up with me he said, 'You coach the team,' He had this habit of naming the starting lineup in the huddle before a game. He'd say 'Schayes, Hannum ... and Cervi,' then run on the court so nobody could say anything. So I did the same thing. 'Schayes, Hannum ... and Chollet.' We won that game, too."

— Leroy Chollet ^[26]

Chollet began his second pro season as player-coach of the Utica Pros, an American Basketball League team that farmed players to larger NBA teams including the Nationals and the New York Knicks. ^[28] Chollet became a top scorer in the ABL; ^[29] he was recalled by Syracuse mid-season, ^[30] but barely played after an early ankle injury. ^[26] His third and final season of professional basketball was with another ABL team, the Elmira Colonels. ^[27] He announced in September 1952, during the season, that he was retiring from professional basketball to seek a stable coaching position. ^{[31] [2]}

Later life

Chollet married Barbara Knaus ^[32] and moved to her hometown, Lakewood, Ohio, after his professional basketball career. ^[3] They had three children Lawrence, Melanie, and David. ^[33] Upon learning of a new Catholic school being built in Lakewood, St. Edward High School, Chollet got a construction job there. After construction was completed, St. Edwards hired him as a teacher and coach. Chollet was the varsity head coach from 1956 to 1960 and retired from teaching in 1985. ^[34] He was an administrator for community sports programs at the Lakewood Recreation Department from 1960 to 1980 and tended bar at Kluck's, a local landmark. ^[35] Chollet died in 1998 and was buried at Milan Cemetery. ^[36]

Career statistics

Legend

GP	Games played	GS	Games started	MPG	Minutes per game
FG%	Field goal percentage	3P%	3-point field goal percentage	FT%	Free throw percentage
RPG	Rebounds per game	APG	Assists per game	SPG	Steals per game
BPG	Blocks per game	PPG	Points per game	Bold	Career high

NBA

Regular season

Year	Team	GP	FG%	FT%	RPG	APG	PPG
1949–50	Syracuse	49	.341	.625	–	.8	3.2
1950–51	Syracuse	14	.118	.632	1.1	.9	1.7
Career		63	.291	.627	1.1	8	2.9

Playoffs

Year	Team	GP	FG%	FT%	RPG	APG	PPG
1950	Syracuse	8	.269	.385	–	.5	2.4
1951	Syracuse	7	.174	.625	2.3	1.3	1.9
Career		15	.224	.476	2.3	.9	2.1

^{Source: [37]}

ABL

Year	Team	GP	PPG
1950–51	Utica	34	11.1
1951–52	Elmira	40	8.0
Career		74	9.4

^{Source: [38]}

College

Year	School	GP	FG%	FT%	PPG
1944–45	Loyola	22	–	–	14.8
1946–47	Canisius	31	.327	.661	12.3
1947–48	Canisius	25	.308	.681	12.7
1948–49	Canisius	28	.344	.700	14.9
Career		110	.327	.682	13.1

^{Sources: [39] , [40]}

Notes

1. Chollet had one black great-grandparent. His paternal grandmother, Olivia Olinde, was born to a black mother and white father in 1873 ( Vargas 2013 , p. 67).
2. Military teams included Jackson Barracks in New Orleans, Foster General Hospital from Jackson, Mississippi, Bergstrom Army Air Field out of Austin, Texas, Brookley Army Air Field from Mobile, Alabama, Coast Guard rescue swimmers, and the Gulfport Naval Training Center ( Vargas 2013 , Appendix I).
3. Loyola teammate, Sam Ciolino, later reflected, "The family left because you would get shut out of a lot of things if you were black. Today's a different environment altogether, but back then, it wasn't. I guarantee you the guys at Loyola didn't want him to leave. Leroy was the best-liked guy on our team." Teammate Jack Atchley asked, "What could we do? We were just regular people" ( Vargas 2013 , p. 74).
4. According to journalist Mark Bernstein, even their church made them "feel unwelcome", and "Tulane quietly suggested that Chollet might find it difficult to go there" ( Bernstein 2001 , p. 189).
5. Loyola University has officially maintained that Leroy Chollet's transfer was due to academic reasons in statements as recently as 2007 ( Vargas 2013 , p. 72). Loyola University officials, Chollet family members, and Loyola alumni all agree that the family was "exiled from town" over race ( Vargas 2013 , p. 73). Family members bitterly described the experience as being forced out of New Orleans. Older brother Al Chollet's daughter recalled that her father was "resentful about what he called 'being run out of town'"( Vargas 2013 , p. 80).
6. The existing BAA and NBL merged prior to Chollet's rookie season. The BAA incorporated the remaining NBL teams, including Syracuse, into the newly formed NBA. The NBA subsequently claimed the BAA's three seasons of existence as canonical NBA history ( Harris 2022 ).
7. The NBA and preceding BAA barred entry to African Americans. The Syracuse Nationals originated in the NBL, which had an integrated team as early as 1935. The NBL teams had merged into the NBA by the time that Syracuse signed Chollet ( Harris 2022 ).

Citations

1. Fichter 1987, p. 548.
2. Holy Cross 2020.
3. Lewis 2020.
4. Vargas 2013, pp. 25, 70.
5. Vargas 2013, p. 26.
6. Vargas 2013, pp. 17, 65.
7. Vargas 2013, p. 20.
8. Vargas 2013, p. 17.
9. Vargas 2013, "Foreword" by Peter Finney, p. 7.
10. Vargas 2013, p. 30.
11. • Vargas 2013, p. 119 cites:
    • "Loyola Wins in Last Minute, 37–35, to Reach Tourney Finals". The Times-Picayune . March 17, 1945. p. 7.
    • See also: "South vs. West". The Kansas City Times. Kansas City, Missouri. March 17, 1945. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
12. • Vargas 2013, p. 61 cites:
    • "Loyola Beats Pepperdine, 49–36, for National Basketball Crown". The Times-Picayune . March 19, 1945. p. 10.
    • See also: "Loyola's Title". The Kansas City Star. March 18, 1945. p. 15. Retrieved March 26, 2023– via newspapers.com.
13. SSAC 2023.
14. Starr 2009, pp. 139–151.
15. Starr 2009, pp. 140–141.
16. Starr 2009, p. 148.
17. Starr 2009, pp. 151–152.
18. Canisius 1964.
19. "Holy Cross Beats Canisius". Press and Sun-Bulletin. Binghamton, New York. March 18, 1949. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
20. Vargas 2013, p. 73.
21. Harris 2022.
22. Hannum 1968.
23. Bowen 2017.
24. Vargas 2013, p. 77.
25. NBA 2021.
26. Maxse 1993, p. 2F.
27. Vargas 2013, p. 78.
28. "Cage Stars". The Times Leader. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. November 2, 1950. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
29. "Leroy Chollet Still 5th in ABL Scoring Race". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, New York. January 23, 1951. p. 11. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
30. "Chollet Recalled, Lofgran Farmed". Press and Sun-Bulletin. February 11, 1951. p. 4. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
31. Kuss, Leo (September 5, 1952). "Pro Gridders in Syracuse; Chollet Enters New Field". Elmira Advertiser. Elmira, New York. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
32. Vargas 2013, p. 79.
33. Vargas 2013, p. 104.
34. • Vargas 2013, p. 79;
    • See also: "Chollet Is New Cage Coach at St. Edward". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, OH. June 3, 1956. p. 5-C.
35. Vargas 2013, pp. 79, 104.
36. • Vargas 2013, p. 104 cites:
    • Baranick, Alana (June 14, 1998). "Leroy Chollet, St. Ed's Teacher Coach". Cleveland Plain Dealer.
    • See also: "Leroy P. Chollet, Canisius College basketball great". The Buffalo News. June 16, 1998. p. 12. Archived from the original on October 29, 2023.
37. "Leroy Chollet NBA stats". Basketball Reference. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
38. "Leroy Chollet ABL stats". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
39. Vargas 2013, pp. 67, Appendix I.
40. Canisius 2017.

References

• Bernstein, Mark (September 19, 2001). Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   978-0812236279.
• Bowen, Fred (February 15, 2017). "In its early years, NBA blocked black players". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 31, 2023.
• Canisius (1964). "Leroy Chollet". Hall of Fame. Canisius College Athletics. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
• Canisius (2017). "Men's Basketball Statistics 1945–1950" (PDF). Canisius College Athletics. September 23, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2023.
• Fichter, Joseph H. (Autumn 1987). "First Black Students at Loyola University: A Strategy to Obtain Teacher Certification". The Journal of Negro Education. 56 (4): 535–549. doi:10.2307/2295351. JSTOR   2295351.
• Hannum, Alex (November 25, 1968). "Old Days and Changed Ways". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 29, no. 22. with Frank Deford. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
• Harris, Curtis (January 21, 2022). "How the NBA's 75th anniversary sweeps away its early history". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
• Holy Cross (2020). "Leroy Chollet". Hall of Fame. Holy Cross School (New Orleans). 2020. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
• Lewis, Ted (February 23, 2020). "Black History Month: Chollet brothers overcame Louisiana's history of segregation to become great New Orleans trio of athletic siblings". Times Picayune. Archived from the original on March 12, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
• Maxse, Joe (June 1, 1993). "NBA's Early Days Gone But Not Forgotten". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio.
• NBA (2021). "Legends profile: Dolph Schayes". NBA.com. National Basketball Association. September 13, 2021. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
• SSAC (2023). "Black History Month Profile: Leroy Chollet (Loyola)". SSAC Sports. Montgomery, Alabama: Southern States Athletic Conference. February 27, 2023. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
• Starr, Dan (2009). "Chapter Five: College Basketball in the Aud". Golden Age of Buffalo Sports (1945-1950). City of Light Publishing. ISBN   978-0978847678. OCLC   313368507.
• Vargas, Ramon Antonio (2013). Fight, Grin & Squarely Play the Game: The 1945 Loyola New Orleans Basketball Championship & Legacy. History Press. ISBN   978-1609499181. Excerpt.

External links

Archival photographs
High resolution photographs from the Canisius College Archives
Canisius president, Father Raymond Schouten, presents an award.
Chollet steals the ball from Notre Dame.
Chollet grabs a rebound near the basket.

• ABL statistics from Stats Crew
• Career statistics and player information from NBA.com    and  Basketball-Reference.com