Lewis Hodges

Last updated • 5 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Sir

Lewis Hodges
LewisHodgesImage.jpg
Nickname(s)"Bob"
Born(1918-03-01)1 March 1918
Richmond, England
Died4 January 2007(2007-01-04) (aged 88)
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branch Royal Air Force
Years of service1937–76
Rank Air Chief Marshal
Commands Air Member for Personnel (1970–73)
Air Support Command (1968–70)
RAF Marham (1956–59)
No. 357 (Special Duties) Squadron (1944–45)
No. 161 (Special Duties) Squadron (1943–44)
Battles/warsSecond World War
Awards Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order & Bar
Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar
Mentioned in Despatches
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (France)
Croix de guerre (France)

Air Chief Marshal Sir Lewis Macdonald Hodges, KCB , CBE , DSO & Bar , DFC & Bar , DL (1 March 1918 – 4 January 2007) was a pilot for Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the Second World War, and later achieved high command in the Royal Air Force and NATO.

Contents

Early life

Hodges was born in Richmond in Surrey, England. He was educated at St Paul's School in Barnes and joined the Royal Air Force College Cranwell in 1937.

War service

Known as "Bob" Hodges, he was commissioned into the RAF as a pilot officer in December 1938, joining Bomber Command and flying Vickers Wellesleys with No. 78 Squadron at RAF Finningley, and then moving to fly Handley Page Hampdens with No. 49 Squadron in 1940. [1] On 4 September 1940, his aircraft was damaged in an air raid on Stettin, and he crash-landed in Brittany. [1] He and a gunner named John Hugh Wyatt who had not bailed out attempted to escape to Spain, but were arrested by the Vichy police near Marseilles. He escaped from custody at Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort, near Nîmes, and crossed the Pyrenees into Spain, only to be arrested and imprisoned at Miranda del Ebro. [1] He was eventually released some weeks later, reaching Gibraltar and then returning to England in June 1941. [1]

He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in May 1942, while commanding a flight of No. 49 Squadron, for operations including attacks on the German small battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in February 1942. He was mentioned in despatches in June 1942. Wing Commander Charles Pickard invited him to join No. 161 (Special Duties) Squadron at RAF Tempsford later in 1942, commanding a flight of Armstrong Whitworth Whitleys and Handley Page Halifaxes on SOE operations. [1] He became the commander of No. 161 Squadron in May 1943, and was promoted to squadron leader. [1] In addition to other operations, such as parachute drops, he landed Westland Lysanders and Lockheed Hudsons in occupied France several times, bringing Vincent Auriol and François Mitterrand back to England. Unaware of their identities at the time, the former made him a Commandeur of the Légion d'Honneur in 1950, and the latter a Grand Officier of the Légion d'Honneur in 1988. [1] For his actions with SOE, he received a Bar to his DFC in May 1943, and the Distinguished Service Order in October 1943. [2] He was also awarded the French Croix de guerre.

He attended the RAF Staff College in 1944, and served with the Bomber Command operations staff. [1] He was selected to serve in the Far East as a staff officer to Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory. However, he requested a return to active service after his younger brother was killed, and took command of No. 357 (Special Duties) Squadron at RAF Jessore near Calcutta in December 1944, [1] flying Liberators, Dakotas and Lysanders in support of SOE's Force 136 in Burma and other resistance groups in Thailand and Malaya. Fortunately for Hodges, this meant that he did not fly to India with Leigh-Mallory: the aircraft crashed in the Alps, killing all on board. Hodges received a Bar to his DSO in October 1945 [3] for his services in the Far East.

Post-war

After the war, he joined the RAF Staff College in Haifa in 1945, and then the Joint Services Staff College at Latimer in 1947, [1] before a stint at the Air Ministry from 1949 to 1952, and then at Bomber Command. [1] He was promoted to wing commander in 1950. [1] He commanded the RAF team of three Canberras in the London to New Zealand Air Race in October 1953. [1] He was in the lead until he suffered from engine problems, and ended fourth. He commanded RAF Marham from 1956, while the RAF was converted to V bombers. He received an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1953, [4] became a group captain in 1957, and advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1958. [5] He was Assistant Commandant of the RAF College in Cranwell from 1959 to 1961, and became an air commodore in 1961. He attended the Imperial Defence College in 1963, was promoted to air vice marshal, and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and then served at SHAPE headquarters. [1] He was promoted to air marshal in 1968, and advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. [6] After serving as Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Operations) from 1965, Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at Air Support Command from 1968 and Air Member for Personnel from 1970, he was promoted to air chief marshal in 1971. [1] He served as NATO Deputy Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Central Europe and as Air Aide-de-Camp to the Queen from 1973 to 1976. [1]

He retired from the RAF in 1976. He was a director of Pilkington Brothers (optical division) from 1979 to 1983, and a governor of BUPA from 1987. He served as chairman of the governors of the Duke of Kent School and of the education committee of the RAF Benevolent Fund from 1979 to 1986. He was also as president of the Royal Air Forces Escaping Society from 1979 to 1995, of the Royal Air Force Association from 1981 to 1984, and also of the Special Forces Club and the RAF Club. An account of his wartime service for SOE was published in Royal Air Force at War in 1983.

He lived near Sevenoaks in Kent, and became a Deputy Lieutenant of Kent in 1992. [7] He was survived by his wife, Elisabeth Blackett. They were married in 1950, and had two sons together.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside</span> British Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1893–1969)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force William Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside, was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. After serving as a pilot, then a flight commander and finally as a squadron commander during the First World War, he served as a flying instructor during the inter-war years before becoming Director of Staff Duties and then Assistant Chief of the Air Staff at the Air Ministry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Humphrey</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1921-1977)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Andrew Henry Humphrey, was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He fought in the Second World War as a fighter pilot taking part in the Battle of Britain and also took part in the withdrawal from Aden in November 1967. He served as the Chief of the Air Staff advising the new Labour Government on the implementation of their latest Defence Review. He then served as Chief of the Defence Staff but caught pneumonia within three months of taking office and died shortly afterwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Beetham</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1923-2015)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael James Beetham, was a Second World War bomber pilot and a high-ranking commander in the Royal Air Force from the 1960s to the 1980s. As Chief of the Air Staff during the Falklands War, he was involved in the decision to send the Task Force to the South Atlantic. At the time of his death, Beetham was one of only six people holding his service's most senior rank and, excluding Prince Philip's honorary rank, he had the longest time in that rank, making him the senior Marshal of the Royal Air Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Slessor</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1897-1979)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Cotesworth Slessor, was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force (RAF), serving as Chief of the Air Staff from 1950 to 1952. As a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War, he saw action with No. 17 Squadron in the Middle East, earning the Military Cross, and with No. 5 Squadron on the Western Front, where he was awarded the Belgian Croix de Guerre. Between the wars he commanded No. 4 Squadron in England, and No. 3 (Indian) Wing, earning the Distinguished Service Order for operations with the latter in Waziristan. In 1936, he published Air Power and Armies, which examined the use of air power against targets on and behind the battlefield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dermot Boyle</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1904-1993)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Dermot Alexander Boyle, was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He served in the Second World War initially as a staff officer with the Advanced Air Striking Force in Reims in which capacity he organised the evacuation of the Force through Brest in May 1940. His war service included tours as a bomber squadron commander, as a station commander and also as an air group commander. He was Chief of the Air Staff in the late 1950s and, in that role, deployed British air power during the Suez Crisis in October 1956 and defended the RAF against the views of Duncan Sandys, the Minister for Defence, who believed that the V bomber force rendered manned fighter aircraft redundant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Pike</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1906–1983)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Thomas Geoffrey Pike, was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He served in the Second World War as a night fighter squadron commander and then as a station commander. He was Chief of the Air Staff in the early 1960s and, in that role, deployed British air power as part of the British response to the Brunei Revolt. Also, in the face of escalating costs, he implemented the cancellation of the British Blue Streak ballistic missile system but then found the RAF was without any such capability when the Americans cancelled their own Skybolt ballistic missile system. He went on to be Deputy Supreme Commander Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in the mid-1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Elworthy, Baron Elworthy</span>

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Samuel Charles Elworthy, Baron Elworthy, was a New Zealand-born senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He served as commander of a squadron of Blenheim bombers and then as a station commander during the Second World War. He became Chief of the Air Staff in the mid-1960s and implemented the cancellation of the TSR-2 strike aircraft and the HS681 military transport aircraft programmes. He also became Chief of the Defence Staff in which role he oversaw the evacuation from Aden in November 1967 and had to respond to the growing crisis in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1920-1985)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Neil Cameron, Baron Cameron of Balhousie, was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. He fought in the Second World War as a fighter pilot taking part in the Battle of Britain, the Battle of Alam el Halfa, the First Battle of El Alamein and the Second Battle of El Alamein and then in operations in Burma. He served as Chief of the Air Staff in the late 1970s advising the British Government on the reinforcement of the British garrison in Belize which was under threat from Guatemala at the time. He also served as the Chief of the Defence Staff at the end of the 1970s in which role he secured pay comparability for services personnel involved in civil support during the firemen's strike, visited the People's Republic of China and lectured extensively on the Soviet air threat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Denis Spotswood</span> Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1916-2001)

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Denis Frank Spotswood, was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. He fought in the Second World War as a flying boat pilot and then as a coastal reconnaissance squadron commander during Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa. He served as a station commander in the late 1940s and early 1950s before becoming a senior air commander in the late 1950s. As the Chief of the Air Staff in the early 1970s he had a major role in implementing the defence savings demanded by the Heath Government in the face of economic difficulties at the time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Mills (RAF officer)</span> Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (1902-1971)

Air Chief Marshal Sir George Holroyd Mills, was a senior Royal Air Force commander. After his retirement from the RAF, Mills served as Black Rod in the Houses of Parliament until 1970. He was also a trustee of the Imperial War Museum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Robb (RAF officer)</span> Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (1895–1968)

Air Chief Marshal Sir James Milne Robb, was a senior Royal Air Force commander. After early service in the First World War with the Northumberland Fusiliers, Robb joined the Royal Flying Corps and became a flying ace credited with seven aerial victories. He was granted a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force in 1919 and commanded No. 30 Squadron RAF in the Iraqi revolt against the British. In 1939, Robb travelled to Canada to help establish the Empire Air Training Scheme, a massive training program that provided the Royal Air Force with trained aircrew from Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Southern Rhodesia. He commanded No. 2 Group RAF of RAF Bomber Command and No. 15 Group RAF of RAF Coastal Command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hugh Verity</span> British RAF fighter then SOE pilot (1918-2001)

Hugh Verity, was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot and later a "special duties" squadron pilot working with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II. He landed many times at clandestine airfields in occupied France to insert and extract SOE agents. He was decorated for gallantry five times.

Air Chief Marshal Sir John Barraclough was a Royal Air Force pilot during the Second World War who went on to become Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas Evill</span> Royal Air Force air marshal

Air Chief Marshal Sir Douglas Claude Strathern Evill, was an Australian-born British Royal Naval Air Service pilot and squadron commander during the First World War. Serving in the Royal Air Force between the wars, he was a senior air commander during the Second World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Le Cheminant</span>

Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter de Lacy Le Cheminant, was a senior commander of the Royal Air Force (RAF), who served as Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff from 1974 to 1976 and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe from 1976 until his retirement in 1979.

Air Chief Marshal Sir David Harcourt-Smith, was a Royal Air Force officer who served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief at RAF Support Command from 1984 to 1986. He is the author of Wings Over Suez, an account of air operations during the Sinai and Suez wars.

Air Vice Marshal Peter John Harding, was a senior Royal Air Force officer who served as Defence Services Secretary from 1994 to 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karun Krishna Majumdar</span> Royal Indian Air Force officer

Wing Commander Karun Krishna 'Jumbo' Majumdar, DFC & bar was an officer in the Indian Air Force. He was the first Indian to reach the rank of wing commander.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilfrid Oulton</span>

Air Vice-Marshal Wilfrid Ewart Oulton, was an officer in the Royal Air Force. During the Second World War he was credited with sinking three German U-boats—U-463, U-663, and U-563—in one month while serving in RAF Coastal Command. He was in charge of the British nuclear tests of hydrogen bombs in the Pacific Ocean in Operation Grapple in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stewart Menaul</span>

Air Vice Marshal Stewart William Blacker Menaul, was an officer in the Royal Air Force (RAF). During the Second World War he served in RAF Bomber Command with the elite Pathfinder Force. After the war he participated in the British nuclear weapons tests in Australia, and was on board the Vickers Valiant that dropped Britain's first atomic bomb on 11 October 1956 during Operation Buffalo.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Chief Marshal Sir Lewis Hodges
  2. "No. 36215". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 October 1943. p. 2.
  3. "No. 37313". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 October 1945. p. 1.
  4. "No. 40053". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1953. p. 9.
  5. "No. 41404". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1958. p. 9.
  6. "No. 44600". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 May 1968. p. 3.
  7. "No. 52835". The London Gazette . 14 February 1992. p. 2.
Military offices
Preceded by Air Officer Commander-in-Chief Air Support Command
1968–1970
Succeeded by
Preceded by Air Member for Personnel
1970–1973
Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy C-in-C HQ Allied Forces Central Europe
1973–1976
Succeeded by