Related Research Articles
Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.
The "Magdalen" papyrus was purchased in Luxor, Egypt in 1901 by Reverend Charles Bousfield Huleatt (1863–1908), who identified the Greek fragments as portions of the Gospel of Matthew and presented them to Magdalen College, Oxford, where they are catalogued as P. Magdalen Greek 17 from which they acquired their name. When the fragments were published by Colin Henderson Roberts in 1953, illustrated with a photograph, the hand was characterized as "an early predecessor of the so-called 'Biblical Uncial'" which began to emerge towards the end of the 2nd century. The uncial style is epitomised by the later biblical Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus. Comparative paleographical analysis has remained the methodological key for dating the manuscript, but there is no consensus on the dating of the papyrus. Estimates have ranged from the 1st century to the 4th century AD.
Papyrus 46, designated by siglum 𝔓46, is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus, and is one of the manuscripts comprising the Chester Beatty Papyri. Manuscripts among the Chester Beatty Papyri have had several provenances associated with them, the most likely being the Faiyum. It has been paleographically dated between 175 and 225, or early 3rd century CE. It contains verses from the Pauline Epistles of Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, and Hebrews. Some leaves are part of the Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, and others are in the University of Michigan Papyrus Collection.
Papyrus 66 is a near complete codex of the Gospel of John, and part of the collection known as the Bodmer Papyri.
The Bodmer Papyri are a group of twenty-two papyri discovered in Egypt in 1952. They are named after Martin Bodmer, who purchased them. The papyri contain segments from the Old and New Testaments, early Christian literature, Homer, and Menander. The oldest, P66 dates to c. 200 AD. Most of the papyri are kept at the Bodmer Library, in Cologny, Switzerland outside Geneva.
There have been many Coptic versions of the Bible, including some of the earliest translations into any language. Several different versions were made in the ancient world, with different editions of the Old and New Testament in five of the dialects of Coptic: Bohairic (northern), Fayyumic, Sahidic (southern), Akhmimic and Mesokemic (middle). Biblical books were translated from the Alexandrian Greek version.
The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri or simply the Chester Beatty Papyri are a group of early papyrus manuscripts of biblical texts. The manuscripts are in Greek and are of Christian origin. There are eleven manuscripts in the group, seven consisting of portions of Old Testament books, three consisting of portions of the New Testament, and one consisting of portions of the Book of Enoch and an unidentified Christian homily. Most are dated to the 3rd century CE. They are housed in part at the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin, Ireland, and in part at the University of Michigan, among a few other locations.
Papyrus 45, designated by siglum 𝔓45 in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts, is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus, and is one of the manuscripts comprising the Chester Beatty Papyri, a group of early Christian manuscripts discovered in the 1930s, and purchased by business man and philanthropist, Alfred Chester Beatty. Beatty purchased the manuscript in the 1930s from an Egyptian book dealer, and it was subsequently published in The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible by palaeographer, biblical and classical scholar Frederic G. Kenyon in 1933. Manuscripts among the Chester Beatty Papyri have had several places of discovery associated with them, the most likely being the Faiyum in Egypt. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the early 3rd century CE. This therefore makes it the earliest example of not only the four Gospels contained in one volume, but also the Acts of the Apostles. It contains verses in fragmentary form from the texts of Matthew chapters 20–21 and 25–26; Mark chapters 4–9 and 11–12; Luke chapters 6–7 and 9–14; John chapters 4–5 and 10–11; and Acts chapters 4–17.
Papyrus 4 is an early New Testament papyrus of the Gospel of Luke in Greek. Opinions differ as to its age. It has been dated anywhere from the late second century to the fourth century.
Papyrus 75, designated by the siglum 𝔓75, is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus. It contains text from the Gospel of Luke 3:18–24:53, and John 1:1–15:8. It is generally described as "the most significant" papyrus of the New Testament to be discovered so far. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been traditionally dated to the third century. It is due to this early dating that the manuscript has a high evaluation, and the fact its text so closely resembles that of the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus (B).
Papyrus 72 is the designation used by textual critics of the New Testament to describe portions of the so-called Bodmer Miscellaneous codex, namely the letters of Jude, 1 Peter, and 2 Peter. These books seem to have been copied by the same scribe, and the handwriting has been paleographically assigned to the 3rd or 4th century.
Papyrus 6, designated by 𝔓6 or by ε 021, is a fragmentary early copy of the New Testament in Greek and Coptic (Akhmimic). It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John that has been dated paleographically to the 4th century. The manuscript also contains text of the First Epistle of Clement, which is treated as a canonical book of the New Testament by the Coptic Church. The major part of the codex is lost.
Papyrus 18, designated by 𝔓18, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript containing the beginning of the Book of Revelation. It contains only Revelation 1:4–7. It is written against the fibres of the papyrus. On the other side of the papyrus is the ending of the book of Exodus. It is unclear whether the papyrus was a scroll of Exodus later reused for a copy of Revelation or a leaf from a codex with miscellaneous contents. The two sides of the papyrus were copied in different hands, but the original editor of the papyrus did not think there was a great interval of time between the copying of the two sides. He assigned the Exodus to the third century and the Revelation to the third or early fourth century.
Papyrus 47, designated by siglum 𝔓47, is an early Greek New Testament manuscript written on papyrus, and is one of the manuscripts comprising the Chester Beatty Papyri. Manuscripts among the Chester Beatty Papyri have had several places of discovery associated with them, the most likely being the Faiyum. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been dated to the early 3rd century CE. The codex contains text from the Book of Revelation chapters 9 through 17. It is currently housed at the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin.
Codex Bodmer XIX is a Coptic uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 4th or 5th century. It contains the text of the Gospel of Matthew 14:28-28:20; Epistle to the Romans 1:1-2:3. It is written in the Sahidic dialect of the Coptic language.
William Hailey Willis was an American classicist and a leading twentieth century papyrologist.
The Vision of Dorotheus or Dorotheos is an autobiographical Homeric Greek poem, composed in 343 lines of dactylic hexameter and attributed to "Dorotheus, son of Quintus the Poet". The poem chronicles a vision, wherein the author is transported to the Kingdom of Heaven and finds himself in its military hierarchy. He is conscripted into and deserts his post, only to receive punishment, be forgiven, and rediscover his Christian faith. The poem, penned sometime in the 4th-century, depicts the Kingdom of Heaven in an Imperial fashion; Christ is enthroned as a Roman emperor, surrounded by angels bearing Roman military and official titles, with the military structures of the Kingdom of Heaven modelled on those of Rome.
The Papyrus Chester Beatty V is a fragment of a Greek Septuagint manuscript written on papyrus. It belongs to the Chester Beatty papyri. Using the study of comparative writing style (palaeography), it has been dated to the late 3rd century CE.
The Crosby–Schøyen Codex is a 3rd-century AD ancient Egyptian biblical manuscript written in Coptic on papyrus. Created in Alexandria, the codex consists of 104 pages, and contains the earliest surviving whole copies of the Book of Jonah and 1 Peter, as well as containing Peri Pascha, part of 2 Maccabees, and an Easter homily. It is considered an early example of the transition from scroll to codex.
References
- 1 2 3 "Bodmer Papyri: Online catalog of the papyrus and parchment manuscripts in the Bodmer collection". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ Robinson, James M. (2011). The Story of the Bodmer Papyri: From the First Monastery's Library in Upper Egypt to Geneva and Dublin. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. pp. v-8. ISBN 9780227172780.
- 1 2 Sourced from Pietersma, Albert (1992). "Bodmer Papyri" (PDF). The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Vol. 1. pp. 766–767., unless otherwise noted
- 1 2 3 Nongbri, Brent (24 September 2017). "The Bodmer Papyri: An Inventory of "P.Bodmer" Items". Variant Readings. Retrieved 29 Mar 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Robinson, James M. (2011). "Appendix 2: List of Papyrus Bodmer Publications". The Story of the Bodmer Papyri: From the First Monastery's Library in Upper Egypt to Geneva and Dublin. Cambridge: James Clarke & Co. pp. 185–196. ISBN 9780227172780.
- ↑ Vuong, Lily C. (2013). Gender and Purity in the Protevangelium of James. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 7–8, 34. ISBN 9783161523373.
- ↑ Filson, F. V. (1962). "More Bodmer Papyri". The Biblical Archaeologist. 25 (2): 56. doi:10.2307/3210993. JSTOR 3210993. S2CID 188748719.
- ↑ Emmett, A. A.; Pickering, S. R. (1975). "The Importance of P. Bodmer XX, the Apology of Phileas and its problems". Prudentia. 7 (2): 95–6.
- ↑ Nongbri, Brent (9 April 2019). ""Bodmer Papyri" at the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin". Variant Readings. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ Nongbri, Brent (26 July 2017). "Just a Bit More on the Robinson Papyri". Variant Readings. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Bremmer, Jan N. (2002). The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife. The 1995 Read-Tuckwell Lecture at the University of Bristol. Routledge. pp. 129. ISBN 9780415141482.
- ↑ van der Horst, Pieter Willem (2006). "A New Early Christian Poem on the Sacrifice of Isaac (Pap. Bodmer 30)". Jews and Christians in Their Graeco-Roman Context: Selected Essays on Early Judaism, Samaritanism, Hellenism, and Christianity . pp. 190–1. ISBN 9783161488511.
- ↑ "PB D". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ Sharp, Daniel B. (2018). Sharp, Daniel B. (ed.). "Papyrus Bodmer XLII: 2 Corinthians 10:15-11:12 in Sahidic". Journal of Coptic Studies. 20: 178–180. doi:10.2143/JCS.20.0.3284659.
- ↑ "PB 43". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 44". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- 1 2 3 "PB T". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 48". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 50". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 51". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 52". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 57". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ↑ "PB 58". Bodmer Lab. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
