Editio princeps

Last updated

In textual and classical scholarship, the editio princeps (plural: editiones principes) of a work is the first printed edition of the work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts. These had to be copied by hand in order to circulate.

For example, the editio princeps of Homer is that of Demetrius Chalcondyles, now thought to be from 1488. The most important texts of classical Greek and Roman authors were for the most part produced in editiones principes in the years from 1465 to 1525, following the invention of the printing press around 1440. [1] [2]

In some cases there were possibilities of partial publication, of publication first in translation (for example from Greek to Latin), and of a usage that simply equates with first edition. For a work with several strands of manuscript tradition that have diverged, such as Piers Plowman , editio princeps is a less meaningful concept.

The term has long been extended by scholars to works not part of the Ancient Greek and Latin literatures. It is also used for legal works, and other significant documents.

For fuller lists of literature works, see:

Notable works

The following is a selection of notable literature works.

DateAuthor, WorkPrinterLocationComment
c. 1455 Biblia Vulgata Johannes Gutenberg Mainz The 4th century translation of the Bible, two editions: 42 line and 36 line, see Gutenberg Bible.
1465 [3] Cicero, De Oratore [3] Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz [3] Subiaco [3] This edition was published without date but it is believed to be before September 1465. [3]
1465–1470 [4] Augustinus, Confessiones [4] Johannes Mentelin [5] Strasbourg [4] The second edition came out in Milan in 1475, followed by editions in 1482 and 1483. Other two incunable editions came from Strasbourg in 1489 and 1491, but the book was not separately reprinted until 1531. [6]
1467 [7] Augustinus, De Civitate Dei [7] Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz [8] Subiaco [7] The following year Johannes Mentelin printed in Strasbourg another edition; it offered the earliest textual commentary, by Thomas Valois and Nicholas Trivet. [7] For the next two centuries, the De Civitate was the most often printed of all Augustine's works; 17 editions appeared in the 15th century and eight in the 16th century. [6]
1469 [9] [10] Livius [9] Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz [9] Rome [9] Edited by Joannes Andreas de Buxis. [11] The Rome edition included only Books 1–10, 21–32, 34–39 and a portion of 40. In a 1518 Mainz edition, the rest of Book 40 and part of 33 were published, while in a 1531 Basel edition, Books 41–45 were published, edited by Simon Grynaeus. He had discovered the only surviving manuscript of the fifth decade in 1527 while searching in the Lorsch Abbey in Germany. In 1616 the remaining part of Book 33 was published in Rome, by which all extant Livy had reached print. [10] [12]
Periochae [13]
1469 [14] [15] [16] Vergilius [11] Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz [11] Rome [14] Edited by Joannes Andreas de Buxis. [11] Together with the three standard Virgilian works, Busi included the Appendix Vergiliana and Donatus' Vita Vergilii. He also included the Priapeia , then attributed to Virgil. [15] [16]
Priapeia [16]
Appendix Vergiliana [15]
Aelius Donatus, Vita Vergilii [15]
1469 [17] Julius Caesar [11] [17] Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz [11] Rome [17] Edited by Joannes Andreas de Buxis. [11]
1469 [18] Plinius Maior [18] Johannes de Spira [18] Venice [18]
1469 [19] Aulus Gellius [11] [19] Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz [11] Rome [11] Edited by Joannes Andreas de Buxis. [11] [19]
1470 [20] Sallustius, Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Iugurthinum [21] Vindelinus de Spira [20] [21] Venice [20] In the same year an edition of Sallust was also printed in Paris. [20]
1470 [22] Suetonius, De Vita Caesarum [23] Johannes Philippus de Lignamine [23] Rome [22] Edited by Johannes Antonius Campanus. [24]
c. 1470 [25] [26] Tacitus, Historiae , Annales , Germania and Dialogus [25] Vindelinus de Spira [26] Venice [26] This edition only has books 11–16 of the Annales. Books 1–6 were rediscovered in 1508 in the Corvey Abbey (now in Germany) and brought to Rome. There they were printed by Étienne Guillery in 1515 together with the other books of the Annales while the edition was prepared by Filippo Beroaldo. [25] [27] [28]
1471 [29] Ovidius [29] Baldassarre Azzoguidi [30] Bologna [29] Edited by Franciscus Puteolanus. There is some dispute regarding the possibility it may have been preceded by the Roman edition printed by Sweynheym and Pannartz, which is without date but thought to be also from 1471. [11] [29] [30]
c. 1471 [31] Boethius, De Consolatione Philosophiae [31] Hans Glim [31] Savigliano [31] Undated, others have suggested the incunable's date to be 1473 or 1474. This would probably make the editio princeps the lavish edition that came out in Nuremberg in 1473 from Anton Koberger's press, containing a commentary traditionally attributed to Thomas of Aquin and a German translation. [32]
1471–1472 [33] Varro, De lingua latina [34] Georgius Lauer [34] Rome [34] [33] Edited by Julius Pomponius Laetus [34]
1472 [35] Plautus [35] Johannes de Colonia [36] -1470 [37] Venice [35] Edited by Georgius Merula basing himself on the Codex Ursinianus. With a dedication to Iacopo Zeno, bishop of Padua. [35] [38]
1472 [39] [40] Macrobius, In Somnium Scipionis [39] and Saturnalia [40] Nicolaus Jenson [39] Venice [39]
c. 1475 [41] Beda, Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum [41] Heinrich Eggestein [42] [43] Strasbourg [41] The edition is undated, but it is agreed to have been printed between 1474 and 1482. It was followed in the same town in 1500 by a second edition, this time bounded with a Latin translation of Eusebius' Historia Ecclesiastica . [41]
1475 [44] [45] Seneca Philosophus, Dialogi, De beneficiis, De Clementia and Epistulae morales ad Lucilium [44] Matthias Moravus [46] Naples [44] The first complete edition of Seneca's philosophical works. Due to a confusion between the son and the father the volume also includes Seneca the Elder's widely known epitomized version composed of excerpts from his Suasoriae et Controversiae; the complete surviving text was printed in 1490 in Venice by Bernardinus de Cremona together with the younger Seneca. Also in the edition is Publilius Syrus, whose Sententiae are in the so-called Proverbia Senecae. The mistake was corrected in 1514 by Erasmus when the latter published in Southwark in 1514 an edition of Publilius that is generally considered to be the real editio princeps. Erasmus was followed in Leipzig in 1550 by Georg Fabricius, who also added twenty new sentences to the print. [47] [44] [48] [49]
Seneca Rhetor [47]
Publilius Syrus [50]
1475 [51] [52] Historia Augusta [51] Philippus de Lavagna [53] Milan [52] Edited by Bonus Accursius. [53]
1510 [54] Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, Epistulae and Relationes [54] Johann Schott [54] Strasbourg [54]
1512 [55] [56] Gregorius Turonensis, Historia Francorum and De Gloria Confessorum [55] Jodocus Badius Ascensius [55] Paris [55]
Ado Viennensis, Chronicon [55]
1478 [57] –1479 [58] Aesopus, Fabulae [53] [57] B. & J. A. de Honate [53] Milan [53] Edited by Bonus Accursius. Undated, the book contained also a Latin translation by Ranuccio Tettalo. These 127 fables are known as the Collectio Accursiana, the newest of the three recensions that form the Greek Aesopica . The oldest Greek recension is the Collectio Augustana, in 231 fables, that was published only in 1812 by Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider in Breslau. The last recension is the Collectio Vindobonensis, made of 130 fables, that was first edited in 1776 by Thomas Tyrwhitt. [59] [58] [60] [61] Concerning The Aesop Romance, of it also three recensions exist: the one printed in this edition is the Vita Accursiana, while the second to be printed was in 1845 the Vita Westermanniana, edited in Braunschweig by Anton Westermann. The Last recension to be printed was the Vita Perriana, edited in 1952 in Urbana by Ben Edwin Perry. [53] [62] [63] [64]
Vita Aesopi [53] [62]
c. 1482 [57] Hesiodus, Opera et dies [53] [57] B. & J. A. de Honate [53] Milan [53] Edited by Bonus Accursius. [53] Undated, only Theocritus' first 18 idylls are contained in this edition. [57] A wider arrange of idylls appeared in the 1495–1496 Aldine Theocritus which had idylls I-XXIII. [65] A further amount of yet unpublished idylls were printed in Rome together with their old scholia by Zacharias Calliergis in his 1516 edition of Theocritus. [66]
Theocritus, Idyllia [53] [57]
1484–1487 [67] Frontinus,

De aqueductu [67]

Pomponius Laetus, Sulpicius Veranus [67] Rome [67] Text of Frontinus De aq. based on manuscript acquired by Poggio Bracciolini in Monte Cassino monastery in 1429. [67]
Vitruvius,

De architectura [67]

1488–1489 [68] Homerus, Ilias and Odyssea [68] Florence [68] Edited by Demetrius Chalcondyles, the book was printed with the help of Demetrius Damilas  [ fr ] that reelaborated the Greek types he had previously used in Milan. The editorial project was completed thanks to the financial support of Giovanni Acciaiuoli  [ it ] and the patronage of Neri and Bernardo de' Nerli  [ it ] together with, the latter also author of an opening dedication to Piero de' Medici. The edition includes also the previously printed Batrachomyomachia. As for the typography the volume has traditionally been attributed to the prolific printer Bartolomeo de' Libri  [ de ], attribution denied by recent scholarship. The issue thus remains unresolved. [68] [69] [70]
Hymni Homerici [68]
Ps.-Herodotus, De vita Homeri [71]
Ps.-Plutarch, De vita et poesi Homeri [71]
Dio Cocceianus, De Homero [71]
c. 1494 [72] Euripides, [73] Medea , Hippolytus , Alcestis and Andromache [74] Laurentius de Alopa [73] Florence [73] Edited by Janus Lascaris. The volume, undated, was printed sometime before June 18, 1494. [73] The typographic font was, as usual with Lascaris, only made of capital letters. [72]
1495–1498 [75] [76] Aristoteles [75] Aldus Manutius [75] Venice [77] An edition in five volumes in folio of the complete works of Aristotle. The first volume was printed in November 1495 while the last came out in 1498. Theophrastus' works came out together in 1497. [77] Notably absent in this edition of Aristotle's works are the Rhetorica and the Poetica and also the Rhetorica ad Alexandrum . [78] [79] Concerning the Problemata, they came out in 1497 in its shorter recension in two books; the longer recension in four books came out in Paris in 1857 due to Hermann Usener. [80] As for Theophrastus, all his published works came out in 1497 dispersed through the second, third and fourth volumes. [76]
Theophrastus, De signis, De causis plantarum, De historia plantarum, De lapidibus, De igne, De odoribus, De ventis, De lassitudine, De vertigine, De sudore, Metaphysica, De piscibus in sicco degentibus [76] [81] [82]
Porphyrius, [75] Isagoge [83]
Philo, De mundo [84]
Ps.-Alexander Aphrodisiensis, Problemata [85] [80]
Diogenes Laërtius, Vita Aristotelis and Vita Theophrasti [86]
1499 [68] Suda [68] I. Bissolus & B. Mangius [87] Milan [68] Edited by Demetrius Chalcondyles. [68]
1502 [88] Sophocles [88] Aldus Manutius [88] Venice [88]
1502 [89] Thucydides, Historiae [89] Aldus Manutius [89] Venice [89]
Dionysius Halicarnasseus, Epistola ad Ammaeum II [90]
1502 [91] Herodotus, Historiae [91] Aldus Manutius [91] Venice [91]
1502 [92] Stephanus Byzantinus, Ethnica [92] Aldus Manutius [92] Venice [92]
1503 [74] Euripides [74] Aldus Manutius [74] VeniceThis edition included all of the dramatist's plays except for Electra . Generally thought to have been edited by Marcus Musurus. [74]
1503 [93] Xenophon, Hellenica [93] Aldus Manutius [93] Venice [93]
1504 [94] Demosthenes [94] Aldus Manutius [94] Venice [94]
1515 [95] Aristophanes, Lysistrata and Thesmophoriazusae [95] Philippus Junta [95] Florence [95] First complete edition of all eleven Aristophanes' plays. [95]
1516 [96] [97] Strabo, Geographica [96] [97] Aldine Press [97] Venice [96] [97]
1516 [98] Pausanias, Graeciae descriptio [98] Aldine Press [98] Venice [98] Edited by Marcus Musurus. [99]
1517 [100] Plutarch, Vitae Parallelae [100] Philippus Junta [100] Florence [100]
1518 [101] Aeschylus [101] Aldine Press [101] Venice [101] Edited by Franciscus Asulanus  [ it ]. This edition contains only 6 of Aeschylus' 7 surviving tragedies: missing is the Choephoroe. This is because the manuscripts had fused Agamemnon and Choephoroe, omitting lines 311–1066 of Agamemnon, a mistake that was corrected for the first time in 1552 in the Venetian edition edited by Franciscus Robortellus. The separation was not fully successful as the text was not correctly divided, leaving it to the 1557 Paris edition by Petrus Victorius, printed with an appendix by Henricus Stephanus, to finally obtain an adequate edition of Aeschylus' plays. [101] [102] [103]
1530 [104] Polybius, Historiae [104] Johannes Secerius [105] Hagenau [104] A part of Book VI had been already printed in Venice in 1529 by Johannes Antonio de Sabio  [ de ], edited by Janus Lascaris with his Latin translation incorporated. The 1530 edition, edited by Vincentius Obsopoeus, only contained Books I–V together with their Latin translation made by Nicolaus Perottus. What survived of the rest of Polybius thanks to the excerpta antiqua of the other Books was first printed by Joannes Hervagius in Basel in 1549 together with a Latin translation by Wolfgang Musculus. Further Polybian excerpts came to light thanks to Fulvius Ursinus that in Antwerp in 1582 published Constantinus Porphyrogenitus' Excerpta de legationibus . All this additional material was incorporated in Isaac Casaubon's 1609 Polybius Paris edition. [104] [106] [107] [108] [109]
1533 [97] Ptolemaeus, Geographia [97] Hieronymus Frobenius [97] Basel [97]
1539 [98] Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca historica [110] Johannes Oporinus [110] Basel [110] Edited by Vincentius Obsopoeus. Only books XVI–XX were printed. [104] In 1559 Henricus Stephanus printed in Geneva all complete surviving books, that is I–V and XI–XX. To this Stephanus also added a summary left by Photius of the lost books. [111]
1544 [112] Archimedes [112] Joannes Hervagius [113] Basel [112] [113] Edited by Thomas Gechauff Venatorius. [113]
1544 [114] Flavius Josephus [114] [115] Hieronymus Frobenius & Nicolaus Episcopius [114] Basel [114] Edited by Arnoldus Arlenius. The volume also contained the 4 Maccabees , then attributed to Josephus. [115] [116]
1548 [117] Cassius Dio [117] Robertus Stephanus [117] Paris [117] Only contains Books 23 and 36–58. [117]
1551 [85] Appianus [85] C. Stephanus [85] Paris [85]
1557 [118] Joannes Zonaras, Annales [118] Johannes Oporinus [119] Basel [119] Edited by Hieronymus Wolfius. [118]
1559 [120] Marcus Aurelius, Meditationes [120] Andreas Gesner [120] Zürich [120] Edited by Guilielmus Xylander. Both texts are translated in Latin, the Meditationes by Xylander. He also added some passages on evidence regarding Marcus Aurelius taken from the Suda and from Aurelius Victor. [120]
1610 [121] Anna Comnena, Alexias [121] Ad insigne pinus [121] Augsburg [121] Edited by David Hoeschelius. [121]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foscari</span>

The House of Foscari was an ancient Venetian patrician family, which reached its peak in the 14th–15th centuries, culminating in the dogeship of Francesco Foscari (1423–1457).

Paolo Casati was an Italian Jesuit mathematician. He belonged to the jesuit scientific school founded in the Provincia Veneta by Giuseppe Biancani, and represented later by Niccolò Cabeo, Niccolò Zucchi, Giovanni Battista Riccioli and Francesco Maria Grimaldi.

Giuseppe Maria Ficatelli was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

Bartholomew of Neocastro was an Italian jurist, and author of a chronicle called the Historia Sicula, which covers the years from 1250 to 1293.

Giovanni Pellegrini was an Italian architect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giuseppe Maria Figatelli</span> Italian mathematician

Giuseppe Maria Figatelli or Giuseppe Maria da Cento was an Italian mathematician and Capuchin friar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barozzi</span> Aristocratic Venetian family

The House of Barozzi was an aristocratic Venetian family that belong to the Venetian nobility. Members of the family became sailors, clerics and men of learning. They were lords of Santorini and Thirassia, and held military fiefs on the island of Crete. Members of the family were involved in the conspiracy of Bajamonte Tiepolo against the Doge of Venice in 1310.

Biagio Cusano was an Italian Marinist poet and professor of law. The date of his birth is currently unknown. He is best known for being Gennaro Cusano's uncle and Marcello Papiniano Cusani's grand uncle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giovanni Luca Chiavari</span> Doge of the Republic of Genoa

Giovanni Luca Chiavari was the 98th Doge of the Republic of Genoa.

Alessandro De Angelis joined the Society of Jesus in 1581, at the age of 22. He devoted himself to teaching at the Collegio Romano, reaching the highest level of the academic body between 1612 and 1617, in the period of the first dispute between Galileo Galilei and the Roman Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Giovanni Lessi</span> Italian jurist, economist, agronomist and erudite scholar

Giovanni Lessi was an Italian jurist, economist, agronomist, and erudite scholar of classics who lived in Florence.

Giovanni Battista Eliano was a Jesuit priest and scholar of Oriental languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Querini</span> Aristocratic Venetian family

The Querini family or Quirini was an old Venetian patrician family. They claimed an ancient Roman heritage, but their traceable history goes back to the 11th century. The family divided into many branches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enrico Narducci</span> Italian librarian, bibliographer and paleographer

Enrico Narducci was an Italian librarian, bibliographer and paleographer.

<i>Il Malmantile racquistato</i> Epic poem by Lorenzo Lippi

Il Malmantile racquistato is a mock-heroic epic poem by Lorenzo Lippi (1606–65) first published posthumously in 1676.

Marco Antonio Bonciari or Bonciario was an Italian Renaissance scholar and writer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Francesco Rondinelli</span> Italian scholar (1589–1665)

Francesco Rondinelli was a Florentine scholar and academic of the Seicento.

Antoniotto da Cabella, also known as Antoniotto della Cabella or della Gabella was a Genoese statesman, politician and merchant, the last consul to represent the Genoese Republic in its Crimean colonies.

References

  1. ↑ Tsien Tsuen-Hsuin; Joseph Needham (1985). Paper and Printing. Science and Civilisation in China. Vol. 5 part 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 158, 201.
  2. ↑ Briggs, Asa & Burke, Peter (2002) A Social History of the Media: from Gutenberg to the Internet, Cambridge: Polity, pp. 15–23, 61–73.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Anthony Grafton et al. 2010, p. 142
  4. 1 2 3 (in Italian) Franco Volpi (ed.), Dizionario delle opere filosofiche, Mondadori, 2000, p. 7
  5. ↑ Brian Cummings and James Simpson (eds.), Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History, OUP, 2010, vol. 2, p. 652
  6. 1 2 Harold Samuel Stone, St. Augustine's bones: a microhistory, Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 2003, p. 18
  7. 1 2 3 4 John Neville Figgis, The Political Aspects of St. Augustine's City of God, Forgotten Books, 1963 [1921], p. 91
  8. ↑ Robert H. F. Carver, The Protean Ass: The Metamorphoses of Apuleius from Antiquity to the Renaissance, OUP, 2008, p. 162
  9. 1 2 3 4 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 866
  10. 1 2 Gian Biagio Conte, Latin Literature: A History, JHU Press, 1999, p. 375
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Miglio, Massimo (1972). "Bussi, Giovanni Andrea". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 15: Buffoli–Caccianemici (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 565–572. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  12. ↑ M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 863
  13. ↑ (in Italian) L. Bessone, "Le Periochae di Livio", vol. 29, 1984, pp. 42-55, in Atene e Roma, p. 43
  14. 1 2 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 702
  15. 1 2 3 4 S. Füssel 1997, p. 78
  16. 1 2 3 William Henry Parker, "Introduction" in Priapea: Poems for a Phallic God, Routledge, 1988, p. 32
  17. 1 2 3 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 429
  18. 1 2 3 4 S. Füssel 1997, p. 79
  19. 1 2 3 R. H. F. Carver 2008, p. 171
  20. 1 2 3 4 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 460
  21. 1 2 Osmond, Patricia J.; Ulery, Robert W. (2003). "Sallustius" (PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum . 8: 199. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  22. 1 2 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 1408
  23. 1 2 Alaimo, Carmelo (1988). "De Lignamine, Giovanni Filippo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 36: De Fornari–Della Fonte (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 643–647. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  24. ↑ Paul A. Winckler (ed.), Reader in the History of Books and Printing, Greenwood Press, 1978, p. 285
  25. 1 2 3 G. B. Conte 1999, p. 543
  26. 1 2 3 Ronald H. Martin, Tacitus, University of California Press, 1992, p. 238
  27. ↑ Paratore, Ettore (1967). "Beroaldo, Filippo, iunior". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 9: Berengario–Biagini (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 384–388. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  28. ↑ Ceresa, Massimo (2003). "Guillery, Stefano". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 61: Guglielmo Gonzaga–Jacobini (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 495–498. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  29. 1 2 3 4 Contarino, Rosario (1986). "Dal Pozzo, Francesco, detto il Puteolano". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 32: Dall'Anconata–Da Ronco (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 213–216. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  30. 1 2 Cioni, Alfredo (1962). "Azzoguidi, Baldassare". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 4: Arconati–Bacaredda (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 765–766. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  31. 1 2 3 4 Leonardi, Claudio (1969). "Boezio, Anicio Manlio Torquato Severino". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 11: Boccadibue–Bonetti (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 142–165. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  32. ↑ Bastert, Bernd (2010). "Boethius unter Druck: Die Consolatio Philosophiae in einer Koberger-Inkunabel von 1473". In Glei, Reinhold F.; Kaminski, Nicola; Lebsanft, Franz (eds.). Boethius Christianus? Transformationen der Consolatio Philosophiae in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 35–36. ISBN   978-3-11-021415-4.
  33. 1 2 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 612
  34. 1 2 3 4 Veneziani, Paolo (2005). "Lauer, Georg". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 64: Latilla–Levi Montalcini (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 51–53. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  35. 1 2 3 4 Daneloni, Alessandro (2009). "Merlani, Giorgio". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 73: Meda–Messadaglia (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 679–685. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  36. ↑ Julie Stone Peters. Theatre of the Book, 1480–1880: Print, Text, and Performance in Europe. Oxford: OUP, 2003, ISBN   0-19-926216-0, p. 316
  37. ↑ A. Grafton et al. 2010, p. 930
  38. ↑ De Melo, Wolfgang. "Introduction", Plautus, Amphitryon. the Comedy of Asses. the Pot of Gold. the Two Bacchises. the Captives: 1. W. De Melo (ed.). Harvard University Press, 2011, ISBN   0-674-99653-4, p. cxiii.
  39. 1 2 3 4 Veneziani, Serena (2004). "Jenson, Nicolas". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 62: Iacobiti–Labriola (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 205–208. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  40. 1 2 Leighton D. Reynolds (eds.), Texts and Transmission: A Survey of the Latin Classics, OUP, 1983, p. 222
  41. 1 2 3 4 J. Robert Wright, A companion to Bede: A Reader's Commentary on The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Eerdmans, 2008, p. viii
  42. ↑ Laura Cooner Lambdin and Robert Thomas Lambdin (eds.), Arthurian writers: a biographical encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO/Greenwood, 2007, pp. 10-13
  43. ↑ Bede, Ecclesiastical History, Books I-III, J. E. King (ed.), Loeb, 1930, p. xxiv
  44. 1 2 3 4 A. Grafton et al. 2010, p. 874
  45. ↑ M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 1199
  46. ↑ Scapecchi, Piero (2009). "Mattia Moravo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 72: Massimo–Mechetti (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  47. 1 2 Rodolphus Agricola, Letters, A. van der Laan and F. Akkerman (eds.), Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 2002, p. 338
  48. ↑ R. A. H. Bickford-Smith 1895, pp. xxix, xxxii
  49. ↑ M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 1253
  50. ↑ R. A. H. Bickford-Smith (ed.), Publilii Syri sententiae, 1895, p. xxix
  51. 1 2 Vergil Polydore 2002, p. 615
  52. 1 2 David Magie, et al. The Scriptores Historiae Augustae (Loeb Classical Library) London: W. Heinemann, 1922, p. xxxvii
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ballistreri, Gianni (1969). "Bonaccorso da Pisa". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 11: Boccadibue–Bonetti (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 464–465. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6 . Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  54. 1 2 3 4 M. von Albrecht 1997, p. 1447
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 E. P. Goldschmidt 1969, p. 73
  56. ↑ E. Paratore 1992, p. 563
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Edelheit, Amos (2008). Ficino, Pico and Savonarola: The Evolution of Humanist Theology 1461/2-1498. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 78. Leiden: Brill. pp. 184–185. ISBN   978-90-04-16667-7.
  58. 1 2 Zafiropoulos, Christos A. (2001). Ethics in Aesop's Fables: The Augustana Collection. Mnemosyne: Supplements. Vol. 216. Leiden: Brill. pp. 23–26. ISBN   978-90-04-11867-6.
  59. ↑ Botley, Paul (2002). "Learning Greek in Western Europe 1476-1516". In Holmes, Catherine; Waring, Judith (eds.). Literacy, Education and Manuscript Transmission in Byzantium and Beyond. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 42. Leiden: Brill. pp. 203–204. ISBN   978-90-04-12096-9.
  60. ↑ Perry, Ben Edwin (1965). "Introduction". In Perry, Ben Edwin (ed.). Babrius and Phaedrus: Fables. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 436. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. xvi–xvii. ISBN   9780434994366.
  61. ↑ Landfester, Manfred, ed. (2007). Geschichte der antiken Texte: Autoren- und Werklexikon (in German). Stuttgart: Verlag J.B. Metzler. p. 22. ISBN   978-3-476-02030-7.
  62. 1 2 Holzberg, Niklas (2002) [2001]. The Ancient Fable: An Introduction. Translated by Jackson-Holzberg, Christine. Bloomington: University of Illinois Press. pp. 72–74. ISBN   978-0-253-21548-2.
  63. ↑ Holzberg, Niklas (1999). "The Fabulist, the Scholars, and the Discourse: Aesop Studies Today". International Journal of the Classical Tradition. 6 (2): 236–242. doi:10.1007/s12138-999-0004-y. JSTOR   30222546. S2CID   195318862 . Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  64. ↑ Hansen, William (September 2004). "Reviewed Work: Grammatiki A. Karla, Vita Aesopi: Überlieferung, Sprache und Edition einer frühbyzantinischen Fassung des Äsopromans. Serta Graeca; Bd. 13. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2001". Bryn Mawr Classical Review. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  65. ↑ N. Barker, The Aldine Press: Catalogue of the Ahmanson-Murphy Collection of Books by or Relating to the Press in the Library of the University of California, Los Angeles, Incorporating Works Recorded Elsewhere, University of California Press, 2001, pp. 51-52.
  66. ↑ Mioni, Elpidio (1973). "Calliergi, Zaccaria". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 16: Caccianiga–Caluso (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 750–753. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6.
  67. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bruun, Christer (2008). Hermon, Ella (ed.). Classical influences on Rome's water administration in the early modern period. Les presses de l'Université Laval. pp. 358–360. ISBN   978-2-7637-8538-7.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  68. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Petrucci, Armando (1973). "Calcondila, Demetrio". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 16: Caccianiga–Caluso (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 542–547. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6.
  69. ↑ Cioni, Alfredo (1964). "Bartolomeo de' Libri". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 6: Baratteri–Bartolozzi (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 728–729. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6.
  70. ↑ Casetti Brach, Carla (1990). "Demetrio da Creta". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 38: Della Volpe–Denza (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. pp. 634–636. ISBN   978-8-81200032-6.
  71. 1 2 3 Lamberton, Robert (1996). "Introduction". In Keaney, John J.; Lamberton, Robert (eds.). [Plutarch]: Essay on the Life and Poetry of Homer. Atlanta: Scholars Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN   0-7885-0260-3.
  72. 1 2 M. D. Lauxtermann, "Janus Lascaris and the Greek Anthology", in S. De Beer, K. Enenkel & D. Rijser (eds.), The Neo-Latin Epigram: A Learned and Witty Genre, Leuven University Press, 2009, pp. 53-54.
  73. 1 2 3 4 (in Italian) A. Mondolfo, "Alopa, Lorenzo", Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 2, 1960.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 Euripides, Alcestis, L. P. E. Parker (ed.), OUP, 2007, p. lxv.
  75. 1 2 3 4 A. Grafton, G. W. Most & S. Settis (eds.), The Classical Tradition, Harvard University Press, 2010, pp. 717-718.
  76. 1 2 3 Schmitt, Charles B. (1971). "Theophrastus" (PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum . 2: 239–322. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  77. 1 2 (in Italian) M. Infelise, "Manuzio, Aldo, il Vecchio", Dizionario Biogafico degli Italiani, vol. 69, 2007.
  78. ↑ W. W. Fortenbaugh & D. C. Mirhady (eds.), Peripatetic Rhetoric After Aristotle, Transaction, 1994, p. 349.
  79. ↑ A. Grafton, G. W. Most & S. Settis (eds.), The Classical Tradition, Harvard University Press, 2010, p. 754.
  80. 1 2 Cranz, F. Edward (1960). "Alexander Aphrodisiensis" (PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum . 1: 77–135. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  81. ↑ Theophrastus, Theophrastus of Eresus: On Weather Signs, C. W. Wolfram Brunschön (ed.), Brill, 2006, pp. 230-231
  82. ↑ B. W. Ogilve, The Science of Describing: Natural History in Renaissance Europe, University Of Chicago Press, 2008, p. 296.
  83. ↑ The Aldine Press: Catalogue of the Ahmanson-Murphy collection of books by or relating to the press in the Library of the University of California, Los Angeles, University of California Press, 2001, p. 50.
  84. ↑ D. T. Runia, Philo and the Church Fathers: A Collection of Papers, 1995, p. 79.
  85. 1 2 3 4 5 E. P. Goldschmidt [1955] 2010, p. 73.
  86. ↑ W. W. Fortenbaugh, P. M. Huby & A. A. Long (eds.), Theophrastus of Eresus: On His Life and Work, Transaction, 1985, p. 1.
  87. ↑ (in Italian) A. Cioni, "Giovanni Bissoli", Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 10, 1968.
  88. 1 2 3 4 K. Ormand (ed.), A Companion to Sophocles, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford,2012, p. 15.
  89. 1 2 3 4 E. P. Goldschmidt [1955] 2010, p. 82.
  90. ↑ Rhys Roberts, William (2011) [1901]. "Introductory Essay on Dionysius as Literary Critic". In Rhys Roberts, William (ed.). Dionysius of Halicarnassus: The Three Literary Letters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN   978-0-521-72013-7.
  91. 1 2 3 4 D. Asheri, A. Lloyd & A. Corcella, A Commentary on Herodotus: Books I-IV, O. Murray & A. Moreno (eds.), OUP, 2007, p. xv.
  92. 1 2 3 4 (in German) Stephanus, Stephani Byzantii Ethnica: Volumen II Δ-Ι, M. Billerbeck & C. Zubler (eds.), De Gruyter, 2011, p. xiii.
  93. 1 2 3 4 Marsh, David (1992). "Xenophon" (PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum . 7: 81–82. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  94. 1 2 3 4 A. Grafton, G. W. Most & S. Settis (eds.), The Classical Tradition, 2010, p. 261.
  95. 1 2 3 4 5 E. Hall & A. Wrigley (eds.), Aristophanes in Performance 421 BC-AD 2007: Peace, Birds, and Frogs, Oxford, MHRA, 2007, p. 312.
  96. 1 2 3 Jacopo Sannazzaro, Latin Poetry, Michael C. J. Putnam (ed.), Harvard University Press, 2009, p. 401
  97. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 E. P. Goldschmidt, The First Cambridge Press in its European Setting, 2010, p. 81.
  98. 1 2 3 4 5 E. P. Goldschmidt, The First Cambridge Press in its European Setting, CUP, [1955] 2010, p. 79.
  99. ↑ (in Italian) P. Pellegrini, "Musuro, Marco", Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 77, 2012.
  100. 1 2 3 4 E. P. Goldschmidt [1955] 2010, p. 80.
  101. 1 2 3 4 5 J. Lewis, Adrien Turnèbe (1512–1565): A Humanist Observed, Droz, pp. 121-122.
  102. ↑ A. Grafton, G. W. Most & S. Settis (eds.), The Classical Tradition, Harvard University Press, 2010, p. 331.
  103. ↑ E. Fraenkel, Aeschylus: Agamemnon, volume 1, pp. 34-35.
  104. 1 2 3 4 5 Marsh, David (1992). "Xenophon" (PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum . 7: 171. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  105. ↑ P. G. Bietenholz & T. B. Deutscher (eds.), Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and the Reformation, vol. 3, University of Toronto Press, 2003, p. 34.
  106. ↑ A. Momigliano, Sesto contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico, Ed. di Storia e Letteratura, 1980, pp. 131-132.
  107. ↑ Polybius, The Rise of the Roman Empire, F. W. Walbank (ed.), Penguin, 1980, pp. 35-36.
  108. ↑ C. B. Champion, Cultural Politics in Polybius's Histories, University of California Press, 2004, p. 21.
  109. ↑ A. Momigliano, Essays in Ancient and Modern Historiography, University of Chicago Press, 2012, pp. 89-90.
  110. 1 2 3 E. P. Goldschmidt, The First Cambridge Press in its European Setting, CUP, [1955] 2010, p. 75.
  111. ↑ (in Italian) L. M. Arduini, Dall'età greca classica agli inizi di Roma imperiale. Da Senofonte a Diodoro Siculo, Jaca, 2000, p. 283.
  112. 1 2 3 S. A. Paipetes (ed.) & M. Ceccarelli (ed.), The Genius of Archimedes - 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8–10, 2010, Springer, 2010, p. 383.
  113. 1 2 3 K. Williams (ed.), Daniele Barbaro’s Vitruvius of 1567, Springer, 2019, p. 810.
  114. 1 2 3 4 E. P. Goldschmidt, The First Cambridge Press in its European Setting, CUP, [1955] 2010, p. 78.
  115. 1 2 J. R. Bartlett, Jews in the Hellenistic World: Josephus, Aristeas, The Sibylline Oracles, Eupolemus, vol. 1, CUP, 1985, p. 76.
  116. ↑ P. Villalba i Varneda, The Historical Method of Flavius Josephus, Brill, 1986, p. xviii.
  117. 1 2 3 4 5 E. J. Kenney, The Classical Text: Aspects of Editing in the Age of the Printed Book, University of California Press, 1974, p. 155.
  118. 1 2 3 J. P. Considine, Dictionaries in Early Modern Europe: Lexicography and the Making of Heritage, CUP, 2011, p. 251.
  119. 1 2 (in Italian) L. R. Tarugi (ed.), Oriente e Occidente nel Rinascimento: atti del XIX Convegno internazionale, Chianciano Terme-Pienza, 16-19 luglio 2007, Cesati, 2009, p. 357.
  120. 1 2 3 4 5 M. van Ackeren (ed.), A Companion to Marcus Aurelius, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 55.
  121. 1 2 3 4 5 P. Stephenson (ed.), The Byzantine World, Routledge, 2012, p. 439.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.