The highest-selling singles in Japan are ranked in the Oricon Singles Chart, which is published by Oricon Style magazine. The data are compiled by Oricon based on each singles' physical sales. This list includes the singles that reached the number one place on that chart in 1983.
| Issue date | Song | Artist(s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| January 3 | "3 Nenme no Uwaki " | Hiroshi & Kibo | [1] |
| January 17 | "Second Love" | Akina Nakamori | |
| January 31 | "Midnight Station " | Masahiko Kondō | |
| February 14 | "Himitsu no Hanazono " | Seiko Matsuda | |
| February 28 | "Pierrot " | Toshihiko Tahara | |
| March 7 | "½ no Shinwa" | Akina Nakamori | |
| April 18 | "Yagiri no Watashi " | Takashi Hosokawa | |
| May 9 | "Manatsu no Ichibyo " | Masahiko Kondō | |
| May 16 | "Tengoku no Kiss " | Seiko Matsuda | |
| May 23 | "Megumi no Hito " | Rats & Star | |
| May 30 | "Shower na Kibun " | Toshihiko Tahara | |
| June 6 | "Tantei Monogatari / Sukoshi Dake Yasashiku " | Hiroko Yakushimaru | |
| July 25 | "Tameiki Rockabilly " | Masahiko Kondō | |
| August 15 | "Glass no Ringo / Sweet Memories " | Seiko Matsuda | |
| August 22 | "Saraba... Natsu " | Toshihiko Tahara | |
| September 5 | "Flashdance... What a Feeling" Japanese title: (フラッシュダンス…ホワット・ア・フィーリング) | Irene Cara | |
| September 19 | "Kinku" | Akina Nakamori | |
| September 26 | "Cat's Eye" | Anri | |
| October 31 | "Glass no Ringo / Sweet Memories" | Seiko Matsuda | |
| November 7 | "Hitomi wa Diamond / Aoi Photograph " | Seiko Matsuda | |
| November 14 | "Royal Straight Flash" (ロイヤル・ストレート・フラッシュ) | Masahiko Kondō | |
| November 21 | "Hitomi wa Diamond / Aoi Photograph" | Seiko Matsuda | |
| November 28 | "Loving " | Toshihiko Tahara | |
| December 19 | "Love Is Over " | Ouyang Fei Fei | |
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