See also
- List of ancient Greek philosophers
- List of ancient Platonists
- List of Cynic philosophers
- List of Epicurean philosophers
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This is a list of Stoic philosophers, ordered (roughly) by date. The criteria for inclusion in this list are fairly mild. See also Category:Stoic philosophers .
| Name | Period | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 3rd Century BC | ||
| Zeno of Citium | (c. 334–262 BC) | Founder of the Stoic school in Athens (c. 300 BC) |
| Persaeus | (306–243 BC) | Pupil and friend of Zeno |
| Aratus of Soli | (c. 315–c. 245 BC) | Pupil of Zeno and poet |
| Athenodorus of Soli | fl. 275 BC) | Pupil of Zeno and brother of Aratus |
| Aristo of Chios | (c. 310–c. 240 BC) | Pupil of Crates, leaned towards Cynicism |
| Apollophanes of Antioch | (fl. 250 BC) | Stoic philosopher, friend of Aristo of Chios |
| Dionysius the Renegade | (c. 325–c. 250 BC) | Pupil of Zeno who became a Cyrenaic |
| Sphaerus | (c. 285–c. 210 BC) | Pupil of Zeno – moved to Sparta and Alexandria |
| Herillus of Carthage | (fl. 250 BC) | Pupil of Zeno, who held that knowledge was the highest good |
| Cleanthes | (of Assos) (331–232 BC) | Second leader of the Stoic school |
| Eratosthenes (of Cyrene) | (fl. 225 BC) | Pupil of Aristo. Chief librarian at Alexandria |
| Hermagoras of Amphipolis | fl. c. 225 BC) | Stoic philosopher and follower of Persaeus of Citium |
| Chrysippus (of Soli) | (c. 280–c. 206 BC) | Third leader of the Stoic school. Wrote 705 books |
| Dioscorides (Stoic) | (fl. 225 BC) | Pupil of Chrysippus. Father of Zeno of Tarsus |
| Aristocreon | (fl. 210 BC) | Nephew of Chrysippus |
| 2nd Century BC | ||
| Zeno of Tarsus | (fl. 200 BC) | Fourth leader of the Stoic school |
| Crates of Mallus | (fl. 175 BC) | Grammarian. Head of the library at Pergamon |
| Diogenes of Babylon | (c. 230–c. 150 BC) | Fifth leader of the Stoic school |
| Zenodotus (Stoic) | (fl. 150 BC) | Pupil of Diogenes of Tite |
| Apollodorus of Seleucia | (fl. 150 BC) | Pupil of Diogenes of Babylon |
| Basilides (Stoic) | (fl. c. 150 BC) | Denied the existence of incorporeal entities |
| Antipater of Tarsus | (c. 200–129 BC) | Sixth leader of the Stoic school |
| Apollodorus of Athens | (fl. 150 BC) | Historian. Pupil of Diogenes and Antipater of Tarsus |
| Archedemus of Tarsus | (fl. 140 BC) | Founded a Stoic school at Babylon |
| Panaetius of Rhodes | (185–109 BC) | Seventh and last undisputed leader of the Stoic school |
| Boethus of Sidon | (fl. 150 BC) | Pupil of Diogenes |
| Polemon of Athens | (fl. 150 BC) | Geographer, follower of Panaetius |
| Gaius Blossius | (fl. 133 BC) | Pupil of Antipater of Tarsus, insurgent of in the revolt of Aristonikos |
| Marcus Vigellius | (fl. 125 BC) | Stoic who lived with Panaetius |
| Heraclides of Tarsus | (fl. 125 BC) | Pupil of Antipater of Tarsus |
| Dardanus | (c. 160–c. 90 BC) | Leading figure in the Stoic school in Athens |
| Mnesarchus | (c. 160–c. 90 BC) | Leading figure in the Stoic school in Athens |
| Publius Rutilius Rufus | (158–c. 75 BC) | Statesman, orator and historian. Pupil of Panaetius |
| Stilo | (c. 154–74 BC) | Grammarian and scholar |
| Dionysius of Cyrene | (fl. c. 125 BC) | Leading figure in the Stoic school in Athens |
| Quintus Lucilius Balbus | (fl. c. 125 BC) | Stoic philosopher, and a pupil of Panaetius |
| Hecato of Rhodes | (fl. 100 BC) | Pupil of Panaetius, wrote about ethics |
| Diotimus the Stoic | (fl. 100 BC) | Stoic who slandered Epicurus |
| 1st Century BC | ||
| Posidonius (of Apamea) | (c. 135–51 BC) | A philosopher, astronomer, and geographer |
| Crinis | (fl. uncertain) | Stoic who wrote about logic |
| Proclus of Mallus | (fl. uncertain) | Stoic philosopher and writer |
| Diodotus the Stoic | (c. 130–59 BC) | Stoic teacher of Cicero who lived in Cicero's house |
| Geminus of Rhodes | (c. 110–c. 40 BC) | Astronomer and mathematician |
| Athenodoros Cordylion | (c. 130–60 BC) | Librarian at Pergamon, lived with Cato |
| Apollonius of Tyre (philosopher) | (fl. 50 BC) | Stoic philosopher who wrote a biography of Zeno |
| Cato the Younger | (95–46 BC) | Statesman who opposed Julius Caesar |
| Antipater of Tyre | (c. 100–45 BC) | Friend of Cato. Wrote about practical ethics |
| Porcia Catonis | (c. 70–43 BC) | Female Stoic, daughter of Cato the Younger |
| Apollonides | (fl. 46 BC) | Stoic philosopher whom Cato consulted before committing suicide |
| Jason of Nysa | (fl. 50 BC) | Grandson of Posidonius |
| Athenodoros Cananites | (c. 74 BC–7 AD) | Pupil of Posidonius. Teacher of Augustus |
| Quintus Sextius | (fl. 40 BC) | Set up a school teaching Stoicism mixed with Pythagoreanism |
| Arius Didymus (of Alexandria) | (fl. 10 BC) | Collected excerpts from earlier Stoic writers |
| 1st Century AD | ||
| Attalus (Stoic) | (fl. 25 AD) | Stoic philosopher frequently visited by Seneca |
| Papirius Fabianus | (fl. 30 AD) | Teacher of Seneca. Rhetorician and philosopher |
| Lucius Annaeus Seneca | (c. 4 BC–65 AD) | Statesman, philosopher, and playwright. Many of his works are extant |
| Thrasea Paetus | (c. 10 AD–66 AD) | Roman senator and Stoic |
| Lucius Annaeus Cornutus | (c. 20–c. 70 AD) | Stoic teacher who wrote a Compendium of Greek Theology |
| Chaeremon of Alexandria | (fl. 50 AD) | Stoic philosopher and grammarian. Librarian at Alexandria |
| Paconius Agrippinus | (fl. 60 AD) | Stoic philosopher spoken of with praise by Epictetus |
| Publius Egnatius Celer | (fl. 60 AD) | Stoic philosopher. Informer in the reign of Nero |
| Persius | (34–62 AD) | Stoic philosopher, poet and satirist |
| Helvidius Priscus | (fl. 65 AD) | Stoic philosopher and statesman |
| Arulenus Rusticus | (c. 30–93 AD) | Statesman. Friend and pupil of Thrasea Paetus |
| Musonius Rufus | (c. 25–c. 90 AD) | Taught Epictetus. Some of his lectures are extant |
| Fannia | (c. 100 AD) | Another female Stoic |
| Euphrates the Stoic | (c. 35–118 AD) | Philosopher, orator and pupil of Musonius Rufus |
| 2nd Century AD | ||
| Epictetus (of Hierapolis) | (c. 55–c. 135 AD) | Pupil of Musonius Rufus. His Discourses and Enchiridion are extant |
| Hierocles (Stoic) | (fl. 150 AD) | Philosopher wrote "Elements of Ethics" |
| Flavius Arrianus | (c. 90–175 AD) | Historian and pupil of Epictetus |
| Basilides of Scythopolis | (fl. 150 AD) | Teacher of Marcus Aurelius |
| Apollonius of Chalcedon | (fl. 150 AD) | Stoic teacher of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus |
| Claudius Maximus | (fl. 150 AD) | Stoic philosopher and friend of Marcus Aurelius |
| Junius Rusticus | (c. 100–c. 170 AD) | Philosopher and Consul. Adviser of Marcus Aurelius |
| Marcus Aurelius | (121–180 AD) | Roman Emperor from 161–180 AD. His philosophical notebook, Meditations is extant |
Heraclitus of Ephesus was an ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from the city of Ephesus, which was then part of the Persian Empire.
Chrysippus of Soli was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of the Stoic philosopher Cleanthes. When Cleanthes died, around 230 BC, Chrysippus became the third head of the Stoic school. A prolific writer, Chrysippus expanded the fundamental doctrines of Cleanthes' mentor Zeno of Citium, the founder and first head of the school, which earned him the title of the Second Founder of Stoicism.
Chaeremon of Alexandria was a Stoic philosopher and historian. His father – about whom nothing is known – was called Leonidas, and he was probably born no later than 10 AD. He may have been the grandson of the Chaeremon who accompanied the Roman prefect Aelius Gallus on his tour of Egypt in 26 AD. He was probably one of the ambassadors to Claudius from Alexandria in 40 AD. According to the Suda, he was the head of the Alexandrian school of grammarians, and he may also have been head of the Museion. He also taught Nero, probably before 49 AD when Seneca the Younger became Nero's tutor.
Zeno of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher and the son of Dioscorides.
Sosigenes the Peripatetic was a philosopher living at the end of the 2nd century AD. He was the tutor of Alexander of Aphrodisias and wrote a work On Revolving Spheres, from which some important extracts have been preserved in Simplicius's commentary on Aristotle's De Caelo.
Ancient Roman philosophy was heavily influenced by the ancient Greeks and the schools of Hellenistic philosophy; however, unique developments in philosophical schools of thought occurred during the Roman period as well. Interest in philosophy was first excited at Rome in 155 BC, by an Athenian embassy consisting of the Academic skeptic Carneades, the Stoic Diogenes of Babylon, and the Peripatetic Critolaus.
This is a list of lists of philosophers, organized by subarea, nationality, religion, and time period.
Kathēkon is a Greek concept, forged by the founder of Stoicism, Zeno of Citium. It may be translated as "appropriate behaviour", "befitting actions", or "convenient action for nature", or also "proper function". Kathekon was translated in Latin by Cicero as officium, and by Seneca as convenentia. Kathēkonta are contrasted, in Stoic ethics, with katorthōma, roughly "perfect action". According to Stoic philosophy, humans must act in accordance with Nature, which is the primary sense of kathēkon.
Archedemus of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher who flourished around 140 BC. Two of his works: On the Voice and On Elements, are mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius.
Apollodorus of Seleucia, or Apollodorus Ephillus, was a Stoic philosopher, and a pupil of Diogenes of Babylon.
This page is a list of topics in ancient philosophy.
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BCE. It is a philosophy of personal eudaemonic virtue ethics informed by its system of logic and its views on the natural world, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve eudaimonia—flourishing by means of living an ethical life. The Stoics identified the path to eudaimonia with a life spent practicing the cardinal virtues and living in accordance with nature.
A sage, in classical philosophy, is someone who has attained wisdom. The term has also been used interchangeably with a 'good person', and a 'virtuous person'. Among the earliest accounts of the sage begin with Empedocles' Sphairos. Horace describes the Sphairos as "Completely within itself, well-rounded and spherical, so that nothing extraneous can adhere to it, because of its smooth and polished surface." Alternatively, the sage is one who lives "according to an ideal which transcends the everyday."
Basilides, was a Stoic philosopher who denied the existence of incorporeal entities.
Marcus Vigellius was a Stoic philosopher. He was a friend and pupil of Panaetius, whom he also lived with. He is noted by Cicero in De Oratore to have also been a friend of Lucius Licinius Crassus, the greatest Roman orator prior to Cicero. All other information has been lost.
Heraclides of Tarsus was a Stoic philosopher native to Tarsus, Mersin. He was a friend of Antipater of Tarsus, the sixth scholarch of the Stoa. As a pupil of Antipater, he studied with Archedemus of Tarsus and Aristocreon, the nephew of Chrysippus.