List of World War II aces from Germany: Q–S

Last updated

This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany with their surname starting from Q to S. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. [1] Aces are listed alphabetically by last name.

Contents

Aces

By surname: A–F  • G–L  • M–P  • T–Z

  This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the pilot was either killed in action (KIA), missing in action (MIA), died of wounds (DOW), killed in a flying accident (KIFA), or killed in a car accident (KICA).
  This and the / (slash) indicates information discrepancies listed by Aders, Boiten, Caldwell, Girbig, Held, Obermaier, Spick, Ring, Mathews, Foreman and Zabecki.

Q

NameRankClaimsUnitNotes
Wilhelm Quack*Feldwebel17 [2] JG 54 KIA 8 January 1942
Klaus Quaet-Faslem*Major49 [3] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIFA 30 January 1944
Richard Quante*Oberfeldwebel49 [4] /41 [2] JG 51 KIA 14 August 1942
Josef Quarde*Fähnrich52 [2] JG 54 KIA 5 March 1945
Karl-Heinz Quaritsch*Leutnant9 [2] JG 53 KIA 14 June 1942
Ernst QuasinowskiOberleutnant19 [2] J/88, JG 52
Werner Quast Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel84 [5] [6] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Gerhard QuerengasserFeldwebel5+ [2] JG 2

R

NameRankClaimsUnitNotes
Walter Rabenstein*Leutnant5 [2] JG 27 KIA 2 July 1944
Josef RabiegerOberfeldwebel20+ [2] JG 52
Hans Rachner*Oberleutnant9 [2] JG 3 KIA 7 July 1944
Rudolf Rademacher Leutnant126 [7] /93 [2] JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Waldemar Radener Oberleutnant37 [8] /23 [2] JG 26, JG 300 Knight's Cross
Heinz RadlauerFeldwebel15 [2] JG 107, JG 108, JG 51
Günther Radusch Oberst64 (+1 in Spain) [9] [2] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Gerhard Raht Hauptmann59 [2] /58 [10] /56 [11] NJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Alfons RaichOberleutnant10 [2] JG 3
Gerhard Raimann*Feldwebel15 [2] JG 54 KIA 20 February 1944
Günther Rall Major 275 [12] /274 [2] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
mission-to-claim ratio of 2.26. [13]
Karl Rammelt 41 [2] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Helmut RampfelFeldwebel9 [2] JG 52
Hans Ransmayer*Leutnant36 [2] JG 54 KIA 20 September 1944
Werner RappHauptmann18 [14] /16 [2] NJG 1, NJG 5
Franz Rappl*Oberfeldwebel9 [2] JG 51 KIA 12 March 1945
Hans RasperLeutnant8 [2] [14] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 101
Waldemar Rathke*Oberleutnant15 [2] [14] NJG 5, NJG 100MIA March 1945
Fritz Rathofer*Unteroffizier9 [2] JG 1 KIA 30 June 1944
Kurt RatzlaffOberfeldwebel45 [2] JG 52
Alfred RauchLeutnant60 [15] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Paul-Hubert Rauh Hauptmann31 [2] NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Rauhaus*Feldwebel5 [2] JG 1 KIA 31 July 1944
Hans RaumOberleutnant17 [16] /12 [2] [14] NJG 3
Richard RaupachOberfähnrich16 [2] JG 54, EJGr Ost
Karl RechbergerLeutnant5 [2] NJG 3
Karl-Wolfgang Redlich*Major43 [17] /41 (incl. 2 in Spain) [18] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 29 May 1944
Hans ReiffOberfeldwebel54 [19] JG 3
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert Oberleutnant174 [20] /168 [19] JG 77, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Hans-Günther ReinhardOberfeldwebel42 [19] JG 54
Peter ReischerOberleutnant20 [19] JG 26
Ernst ReitmeyerOberfeldwebel23 [16] NJG 5
Hans Remmer*Hauptmann27 [21] /21 [19] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 April 1944
Anton Resch Oberleutnant91 [22] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Resch*Major94 (incl. 1 in Spain) [22] JG 52, JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 11 July 1943
Willi Reschke Oberfeldwebel28 [23] JG 302, JG 301 Knight's Cross
incl. 20 heavy bombers [24]
Ralph von Rettberg Oberst8 [23] ZG 26, ZG 1 Knight's Cross
Horst ReuterLeutnant21 [25] JG 27
Ernst RichterOberfeldwebel8 [19] JG 54
Hans RichterLeutnant22 [19] JG 27
Horst ReuterUnteroffizier26 [25] JG 27
Eckhard RochOberleutnant5 [26] JG 26
Gustav Rödel Oberst98 [27] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hans Röhrig*Hauptmann75 [28] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 13 July 1943
Detlev Rohwer 38 [29] JG 3, JG 1 Knight's Cross
Heinz Rökker 64 [10] NJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Herbert Rollwage Oberleutnant102 [27] JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Oskar Romm 92 [22] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Heinrich Rosenberg12 [25] JG 27
Theodor Rossiwall Oberstleutnant19 (incl. 2 in Spain) [29] ZG 76, NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Edmund Roßmann Leutnant93 [30] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Willi Roth20 [26] JG 26, JG 103, JG 102, JV 44
Günther RübellHauptmann50 [30] JG 51, JG 104 Knight's Cross
Hans-Ulrich Rudel Oberst9+ [26] SG 2 Knight's Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (sole recipient in the entire Wehrmacht)
Erich Rudorffer Major222 [12] /219 [26] JG 2, JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
13 in one mission
Helmut Rüffler Oberfeldwebel98 [27] /88 [31] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Franz Ruhl*Oberleutnant36 [31] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944
Friedrich Rupp*Leutnant52 [32] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 May 1943
Karl RüttgerOberleutnant39 [33] JG 52
Hartmut Ryll*Leutnant6 [33] JG 77, JG 400 KIA 16 August 1944
Martin RysavyOberleutnant8 [34] JG 26

S

NameRankClaimsUnitNotes
Heinz Sachsenberg Leutnant104 [35] [33] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Florian SalwenderFeldwebel25 [33] JG 77, JG 5 POW Died in Soviet Prison
Carl Sattig*Hauptmann53 [33] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 10 August 1942
Erwin Sawallisch*Oberfeldwebel35 [33] JG 27 Suicide
Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein*Major83 [36] [6] /79 [33] NJG 2, NJG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 21/22 January 1944
Günther Schack Hauptmann174 [20] [33] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hans SchäferFeldwebel6 [33] JG 3
Hans SchäferOberleutnant12 [33] NJG 2, NJG 3
Johann Schalk Oberst15 [37] ZG 26, NJG 3, NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Franz Schall*Hauptmann137 [38] /133 [33] JG 52, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 Knight's Cross
KIFA 10 April 1945
mission-to-claim ratio of 4.01. [39]
Ludwig ScharfUnteroffizier7+ [40] JG 5
Gerhard SchaschkeHauptmann19+ [40] ZG 76
Paul Schauder21 [34] JG 26
Jakob SchausLeutnant23 [16] NJG 4
Günther Scheel*Leutnant71 [41] JG 54 Knight's Cross
MIA 16 July 1943
only 70 combat missions, with a mission-to-claim ratio of 0.99. [42]
Klaus ScheerLeutnant24 [16] /23 [40] NJG 100
Rudolf Scheffel Hauptmann7 [43] ZG 1, ZG 26 Knight's Cross
Wolfgang Schellmann*Oberstleutnant26 (incl. 12 in Spain) [43] JG 2, JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 22 June 1941
Fritz SchellwatOberfeldwebel19 [16] NJG 1
Wolfgang Schenck Oberstleutnant18 [44] SG 2, ZG 1, SKG 210, KG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Georg Schentke*Oberleutnant90 [6] /87 [5] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 December 1942
Karl-Heinz Scherfling*Oberfeldwebel33 [45] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 21 July 1944
Ernst Scheufele Oberleutnant14 [40] JG 5, JG 4
Erich ScheydaOberfeldwebel20 [46] JG 26
Franz Schieß*Hauptmann67 [47] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 September 1943
Wilhelm Schilling Oberleutnant63 [48] JG 54, EJG 1 Knight's Cross
Hans Schleef*98 [22] JG 3, JG 5, JG 4 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 December 1944
Hermann Schleinhege Leutnant97 [6] /96 [22] JG 3, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Joachim Schlichting Major8 (incl. 5 in Spain) [49] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Karl-Friedrich SchlossteinHauptmann5+ [50] JG 77, JG 5
Johann Schmid*Major45 [51] JG 2, JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 November 1941
mission-to-claim ratio of 3.34. [13]
Dietrich Schmidt Hauptmann39 [52] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Erich Schmidt*Oberleutnant47 [53] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 August 1941
Franz Schmidt*Unteroffizier6 [50] JG 77 KIA 4 November 1941
Heinz Schmidt*Hauptmann173 [20] [50] JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 5 September 1943
mission-to-claim ratio of 4.05. [39]
Johannes SchmidtOberleutnant12 [54] JG 26
Rudolf Schmidt*Feldwebel42 [55] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 April 1942
Winfried Schmidt Hauptmann19 [50] JG 3
Lothar SchmittLeutnant7 [50] LG 2, SG 1
Hans Schmoller-HaldyHauptmann12 [50] JG 54
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer Major121 [36] /119 [50] NJG 1, NJG 4 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Top Night Fighter Ace of World War II
August SchneiderLeutnant9 [50] JG 5
Gerhard Schneider41 [50] JG 51, JGr Ost
Hugo SchneiderOberleutnant6 [50] JG 27
Walter Schneider20 [54] JG 26
Karl-Heinz Schnell Major72 [28] JG 51, JG 53, JV 44 Knight's Cross
"Wumm" Siegfried Schnell*93 [56] [6] JG 54, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 25 February 1944
Karl "Quax" Schnörrer Leutnant46 [57] JG 54, JG 7, Kdo Nowotny Knight's Cross
Herbert Schob Hauptmann28 (incl. 6 in Spain) [58] LG 1, ZG 76, ZG 26 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Schoenert Major64 [10] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100, NJGr 10, NJG 5 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Erich SchöfbockLeutnant8 [59] JG 27
Günther Scholz Major34 (+1 in Spain) JG 54, JG 5
Helmut Schönfelder Oberfeldwebel56 [58] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Gerhard Schöpfel Major45 [60] JG 26, JG 4, JG 6 Knight's Cross
Georg Schott*Oberleutnant21 [59] LG 2, JG 1 KIA 27 September 1943
Herbert Schramm*Hauptmann40 [59] JG 53, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 1 December 1943
Alfred Schreiber*Leutnant5 [59] ZG 26, EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 KIFA 26 November 1944
Georg SchröderHauptmann12 [59] JG 2
Werner Schröer Major 114 [35] /106 [59] JG 3, JG 27, JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
incl. 26 heavy bombers [24]
mission-to-claim ratio of 1.73. [42]
Fritz Schröter11 [61] JG 2, SKG 10, SG 5, SG 4 Knight's Cross
Walter Schuck Oberleutnant 206 [20] /181 [59] JG 5, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Norbert SchückingFeldwebel9 [59] JG 11
Leo Schuhmacher Leutnant23 [61] /8+ [59] ZG 76, JG 1, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Fritz Schuler*Feldwebel6 [59] JG 2
Franz Schulte*Oberfeldwebel46 [61] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 August 1942
Helmuth SchulteHauptmann25 [62] NJG 5 Knight's Cross
Otto Schultz 73 [28] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Gerhard SchulwitzLeutnant9 [63] JG 26
Otto Schulz*Oberleutnant51 [64] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 June 1942
Werner SchumacherUnteroffizier30 [65] JG 5
Heinz Schumann*Major21 [66] JG 51, JG 2 SKG 10 Knight's Cross
KIFA 8 November 1943
Franz Schwaiger*Leutnant67 [47] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 April 1944
Günther SchwaneckeHauptmann14 [65] JG 77, JG 5
Gerhard SchwartzFeldwebel20 [67] JG 51
Günther SchwarzOberfeldwebel40 [67] /38 [65] JG 51
Georg SeckelHauptmann34 [65] JG 77, JG 200, JG 4
Günther Seeger Oberleutnant56 [68] JG 53, JG 2 Knight's Cross
Georg Seelmann 39 [68] JG 51, JG 103 Knight's Cross
Hermann SegatzHauptmann40 [67] /33 [65] JG 26, JG 51, JG 5, JG 1
Georg SeidelOberfeldwebel47 [67] /45 [65] JG 51
Alfred SeidlOberleutnant31 [65] JG 53, JG 3, JG 7
Johannes Seifert*Oberstleutnant57 [69] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 November 1943
Reinhard Seiler Major109 (incl. 9 in Spain) [35] JG 54, JG 104 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Erich von Selle 7 JG 26
Waldemar Semelka Leutnant65 [70] JG 52 Knight's Cross
mission-to-claim ratio of 3.69. [39]
Paul Semrau*Major46 [71] NJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 February 1945
Fritz Sengschmitt15 ZG 76, ZG 26
Heinrich Setz*Major138 [38] JG 27, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 13 March 1943
mission-to-claim ratio of 1.99. [42]
Peter Siegler*Feldwebel48 [72] JG 54 Knight's Cross
MIA 24 September 1942
Rudolf Sigmund*Hauptmann29 [72] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 4 October 1943
Friedrich SimonOberfeldwebel22+ [73] JG 51
Siegfried Simsch Hauptmann54 [74] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 June 1944
Rudolf SinnerMajor39 [75] JG 27
Kurt Sochatzy Oberleutnant38 [74] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Waldemar SöffingLeutnant35 [76] JG 26
Gerhard Sommer*Hauptmann20 [74] JG 11, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 May 1944
Hermann Sommer*Oberfeldwebel19 [77] NJG 2, NJG 102KIA 11 February 1944
Wolfgang Späte Major99 [27] JG 54, JG 400, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Günther Specht*Oberstleutnant34 [78] ZG 26, JG 11 Knight's Cross
MIA 1 January 1945
Wilhelm Spies*Major20 [79] ZG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 27 January 1942
Robert SprecklesOberfeldwebel6+ [80] JG 11, JG 1
Peter Spoden Hauptmann24 [77] /23 [81] NJG 5, NJG 6
Gustav Sprick Oberleutnant31 [82] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Karl StadekOberfeldwebel25+ [73] JG 51
Hans-Arnold Stahlschmidt*Oberleutnant60 [83] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 7 September 1942
Hermann Staiger Major63 [78] JG 51, JG 26, JG 1, JG 7 Knight's Cross
incl. 26 heavy bombers [24]
Friedrich-Wilhelm Stakejahn9 JG 5, SG 4
Otto Stammberger Oberleutnant7 [84] JG 26
Karl Steffen*Oberfeldwebel59 [85] [84] JG 52 Knight's Cross
MIA 8 August 1943
Hans-Joachim Steffens*Leutnant21 [84] JG 51 KIA 30 July 1941
Friedrich "Fritz" StehleOberleutnant21 [84] ZG 2, ZG 26, JG 6, JG 7 German Cross
Leopold "Bazi" Steinbatz*Leutnant99 [27] /98 [84] JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 23 June 1942
Franz SteinerOberfeldwebel8 [84] JG 27, JG 1, JG 11, JV 44
Günter Steinhausen*Leutnant40 [86] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 September 1942
Ulrich Steinhilper Oberleutnant5 [84] JG 52
"Macky" Johannes Steinhoff Oberst176 [20] /168 [84] JG 26, JG 52, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Wilhelm Steinmann Major44 [86] JG 27, JG 4, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Heinrich SteisLeutnant20 [84] JG 27 German Cross
Andreas SterlOberfeldwebel54 [84] JG 52 German Cross
Heinrich Sterr*Oberleutnant130 [7] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 26 November 1944
Franz Stigler 26 [87] JG 27, JV 44 German Cross
Bruno Stolle Hauptmann35 [88] LG 1, JG 2, JG 11 Knight's Cross
"Max" Maximilian Stotz*189 [20] /182 [81] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 19 August 1943
mission-to-claim ratio of 2.65. [13]
Friedrich-Wilhelm Strakeljahn*9 [88] JG 5, SG 4 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 July 1944
Hubert Strassl*Oberfeldwebel67 [88] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 July 1943
mission-to-claim ratio of 3.30. [13]
Erwin Straznicky*Oberleutnant30 [87] LG 2, JG 77, JG 3 MIA 3 October 1942
Werner Streib Oberst66 [36] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Hans Strelow*Leutnant68 [41] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 22 May 1942
mission-to-claim ratio of 2.94. [13]
Fritz StritzelStabsfeldwebel11 [87] JG 2
Karl StroheckerOberfeldwebel14 [87] NJG 100
Heinz Strüning*Hauptmann56 [10] ZG 26, KG 30, NJG 2, NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 25 December 1944
Werner Stumpf*Oberfeldwebel48 [89] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 13 October 1942
Gustav Sturm Leutnant21 [90] JG 27, JG 3, JG 51, EJG 2, JG 7
Heinrich Sturm*Hauptmann158 [91] /157 [38] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 22 December 1944
Alfred SurauLeutnant45 [87] JG 3
Ernst Süß*Oberleutnant68 [92] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 20 December 1943
Paul Szameitat*Hauptmann29 [62] NJG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 January 1944
Wilhelm SzuggarOberfeldwebel10 (incl. 5 in Spain) [87] JG 52, JG 26

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1514.
  3. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 182.
  4. ↑ Aders & Held 1993, p. 264.
  5. 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 235.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Zabecki 2014, p. 1614.
  7. 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 230.
  8. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 183.
  9. ↑ Spick 1996, pp. 242–243.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Spick 1996, p. 243.
  11. ↑ Boiten 2024, p. 76.
  12. 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 227.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Spick 1996, p. 248.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Boiten 2024, p. 78.
  15. ↑ Spick 1996, p. 241.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 Aders 1978, p. 237.
  17. ↑ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 328.
  18. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 184.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1515.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Spick 1996, p. 228.
  21. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 185.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Spick 1996, p. 234.
  23. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 186.
  24. 1 2 3 Forsyth 2011, p. 90.
  25. 1 2 3 Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 329.
  26. 1 2 3 4 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1516.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 Spick 1996, p. 233.
  28. 1 2 3 Spick 1996, p. 237.
  29. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 188.
  30. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 189.
  31. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 190.
  32. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 191.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1517.
  34. 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 520.
  35. 1 2 3 Spick 1996, p. 232.
  36. 1 2 3 Spick 1996, p. 242.
  37. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 192.
  38. 1 2 3 Spick 1996, p. 229.
  39. 1 2 3 Spick 1996, p. 249.
  40. 1 2 3 4 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1518.
  41. 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 238.
  42. 1 2 3 Spick 1996, p. 247.
  43. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 193.
  44. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 55.
  45. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 194.
  46. ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 520–521.
  47. 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 239.
  48. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 195.
  49. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 196.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1519.
  51. ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 521–522.
  52. ↑ Spick 1996, p. 245.
  53. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 197.
  54. 1 2 Caldwell 1998, p. 522.
  55. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 198.
  56. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 46.
  57. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 199.
  58. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 200.
  59. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1520.
  60. ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 522–523.
  61. 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 201.
  62. 1 2 Spick 1996, p. 246.
  63. ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 523.
  64. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 202.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1521.
  66. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 203.
  67. 1 2 3 4 Aders & Held 1993, p. 265.
  68. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 204.
  69. ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 523–524.
  70. ↑ Spick 1996, p. 240.
  71. ↑ Spick 1996, p. 244.
  72. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 206.
  73. 1 2 Aders & Held 1993, p. 266.
  74. 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 207.
  75. ↑ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 330.
  76. ↑ Caldwell 1998, pp. 534–525.
  77. 1 2 Aders 1978, p. 238.
  78. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 208.
  79. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 50.
  80. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1522.
  81. 1 2 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1525.
  82. ↑ Caldwell 1998, p. 525.
  83. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 60.
  84. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1523.
  85. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 209.
  86. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 210.
  87. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1524.
  88. 1 2 3 Obermaier 1989, p. 211.
  89. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 212.
  90. ↑ Ring & Girbig 1994, p. 331.
  91. ↑ Zabecki 2019, p. 329.
  92. ↑ Obermaier 1989, p. 213.

Bibliography

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