List of aerial victories during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

Last updated

The Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred after the failure of Operation Gibraltar in Jammu and Kashmir on 1st September 1965. Pakistan Air Force under Operation Grand Slam and Indian Airforce under Operation Riddle engaged with each other with the last aerial combat taking place on 23rd September 1965.

Contents

From the gallery of 350 paintings by Rtd Grp Capt Syed Masood Akhtar Hussaini, Tamgha-e-Bisalat, Member American Society of Aviation Artists 1965 War, Syed Masood Akhtar Hussaini.jpg
From the gallery of 350 paintings by Rtd Grp Capt Syed Masood Akhtar Hussaini, Tamgha-e-Bisalat, Member American Society of Aviation Artists

The sides claimed various numbers of kills and casualties. India claims to have lost 35–59 aircraft [2] [3] while Pakistan claims to have destroyed 110–113; [4] [5] neutral sources claim that India lost 60–75 aircraft. [6] Pakistan claims to have lost 19 aircraft [4] while India claims 43–73 kills; [2] [7] [5] neutral sources say Pakistan lost 20 aircraft. [6]

Aerial victories

The following lists contains aerial victories credited to both Indian as well as Pakistani pilots. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force Flag of the Chief of Air Staff and Air Chief Marshal of the Indian Air Force.svg
Flag_of_the_Chief_of_Air_Staff_and_Air_Chief_Marshal_of_the_Indian_Air_Force
Air_Force_Ensign_of_India_(1950-2023) Air Force Ensign of India (1950-2023).svg
Air_Force_Ensign_of_India_(1950–2023)
Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force Badge of the Indian Air Force.svg
Badge_of_the_Indian_Air_Force
Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force Badge of the Pakistan Air Force.svg
Badge_of_the_Pakistan_Air_Force
Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan Air Force Ensign of Pakistan.svg
Air_Force_Ensign_of_Pakistan
Flag_of_air_marshal_Pakistan_Air_Force Flag of Air Marshal (Pakistan).svg
Flag_of_air_marshal_Pakistan_Air_Force
PilotCountryDateFighter TypeVictim PilotVictim AircraftRemarks
Sqn Ldr Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui Pakistan1st Sep F-86 Flight Lieutenant (later Group Captain) Shrikrishna Vishnu Phatak (wingman) de Havilland Vampire Phatak bailed out, [12] Rafiqui awarded Sitara-e-Jurat [13] [14]
Sqn Ldr Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui Pakistan1st Sep F-86 Squadron Leader Aspi Kekobad Bhagwagar (flight leader), de Havilland Vampire Bhagwagar KIA [15]
Flt Lt later Air Cmdr Imtiaz Bhatti Pakistan1st Sep F-86 Flight Lieutenant Satish Bharadwaj (element wingman) de Havilland Vampire Bharadwaj KIA [16] [17]
Flt Lt later Air Cmdr Imtiaz Bhatti Pakistan1st Sep F-86 Flight Lieutenant Vijay Madhav Joshi (element leader) de Havilland Vampire Joshi KIA [18] Bhatti awarded Sitara-e-Jurat [19]
Sqn Ldr later Wng CmdrTrevor Keelor India3rd Sep Folland Gnat Flt Lt later Air Cmdr Yousuf Ali Khan F-86 Trevor awarded 1st Vir Chakra of war. Khan awarded Sitara-e-Jurat for surviving the dogfight against six Gnats and nursing the damaged Sabre back home. [20] [21]
Flt Lt later Grp Capt Virendera Singh Pathania India4th Sep Folland Gnat Flt Lt N.M Butt F-86 Butt bailed out, Pathania awarded the Vir Chakra. [22] [23]
Flt Lt later Air Chief Marshall Hakimullah Khan Durrani Pakistan4th Sep Pasrur Lockheed F-104 Starfighter Sqn Ldr later Air Marshal Brij Pal Singh Sikand Folland Gnat Starfighter forced the Gnat to land mistakenly at an abandoned airstrip. Durrani awarded Tamgha-e-Diffa and Sitara-e-Basalat [24]
Sqn Ldr later Air Cmdr Muhammad Mahmood Alam India6th Sep F-86 Sqn Ldr Peter Rawley Hawker Hunter Aborted Halwara base attack at Taran Taran, Rawley misjudged his turn at low levels during the engagement and went into the ground, KIA. Alam claimed the kill. [25]
Flg Offr later Air Marshal Adi Rustomji GhandhiIndia6th Sep Hawker Hunter Sqn Ldr Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui F-86 Vir Chakra awarded to Ghandhi for hitting Rafiqui and another plane. [25]
Flt Lt Yunus Hussain Pakistan6th Sep F86 Fg Offr later Air Marshal Adi Rustomji Ghandhi Hawker Hunter Ghandhi bailed out, Yunus's kill disputed by Cecil Chaudhry [26] [27] [lower-alpha 1]
Sqn Ldr Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui India6th Sep F-86 Flg Offr later Air Marshal Prakash Sadashivrao Pingale Hawker Hunter Pingale bailed out [25]
Flt Off later Wng Cmdr Vinod Neb India6th Sep Hawker Hunter Flt Lt Yunus Hussain F-86 Yunus posthumusly awarded Sitara-e-Jurat, Neb awarded Vir Chakra [25]
Flight Lieutenant later Air Marshal Dev Nath RathoreIndia6th Sep Hawker Hunter Sqn Ldr Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui F-86 Rafiqui posthumusly awarded Hilal-e-Jurat, Rathore awarded Vir Chakra. [25]
Sqn Ldr Ajjamada B. Devaiah India7th Sep de Havilland Vampire Flt Lt later Air Vice Marshal Amjad Hussain Lockheed F-104 Starfighter Both planes crashed, Devaiah KIA awarded Mahavir Chakra 23 years after war. [28]
Sqn Ldr later Air Cmdr Muhammad Mahmood Alam Pakistan7th Sep F-86 Flt Lt later Wng Cmdr ‘Piloo’ Kacker Dassault Mystère IV Kill disputed, crashed due to ack, ack fuel loss, Kacker became POW
Flt Lt Anwar-ul-Haq MalikPakistan7th Sep F-86 AAMsFlt Lt U.Babul Guha Dassault Mystère IV KIA [29] [30]
Sqn Ldr later Air Cmdr Muhammad Mahmood Alam Pakistan7th Sep F-86 Sqn Ldr S C Bhagwat Hawker Hunter KIA [31] [30] Alam conferred Sitara-e-Jurat,Tamgha-e-Diffa, Sitara-e-Imtiaz
Sqn Ldr later Air Cmdr Muhammad Mahmood Alam Pakistan7th Sep F-86 Fg Offr Jagdev Singh Brar Hawker Hunter Brar KIA [32] [30]
Flt LtAlfred Tyrone Cooke No. 14 Squadron IAF India7th Sep Kalaikunda Air Force Station Hawker Hunter Flying officer Afzal Khan No. 14 Squadron PAF F-86 Khan KIA, Cooke awarded Vir Chakra [33]
Fg Offr later Wing Commander Subodh Chandra Mamgain No. 14 Squadron IAF India7th Sep Kalaikunda Air Force Station Hawker Hunter Flight Lieutenant Tariq Habib (Leader) No. 14 Squadron PAF F-86 Mamgain awarded Vir Chakra for one hit and one unconfirmed kill. [34] [35]
Flt Lt later Air Cmdr Yousuf Ali KhanPakistan13th Sep F-86 Flt Lt later Wg Cmdr Arvind Kale Folland Gnat Kale bailed out. [36] [37]
Flt Lt later Air Cmdr Imtiaz Bhatti Pakistan13th Sep PAF Base Sargodha F-86 Sqn Ldr N K Malik Folland Gnat Pilot nursed Gnat back to India but died next day, Bhatti awarded with hit [38] [39] [40]
Sqn Ldr later Grp Capt Bharat Singh

No. 2 Squadron IAF

India14th Sep Khem Karan Sector Folland Gnat Unknown F-86 Indian Army confirmed wreckage and Singh awarded Vir Chakra, PAF pilot nursed hit plane safely to ground. [41]
Sqn Ldr later Air Cmdr Muhammad Mahmood Alam Pakistan16th Sep F-86 Flg Offr Farokh Dara Bunsha Hawker Hunter Bunsha KIA [42]
Flt Lt later Wng CmdrAmarjit Singh Sandhu India18th Sep Pathankot Air Force Station Folland Gnat Syed Saad Akhtar Hatmi F-86 Sandhu awarded Vir Chakra [43] Hatmi awarded Sitara-e-Jurat
Flight Lieutenant later Grp Capt Saiful Azam Bangladesh Air Force (BAF)Pakistan19th Sep F-86 Flight Lieutenant later Wg Cdr Maya Dev Folland Gnat Dev bailed out and became POW, [44] Azam awarded Sitara-e-Jurat [45] [46]
Flt Lt later Air Marshal Denzil Keelor India19th Sep Tezpur Air Force Station Folland Gnat Wng Cmdr Syed Mohammad Ahmed F-86 Ahmad bailed out, Keelor awarded Vir Chakra [47] Ahmed awarded Sitara-i-Basalat
Flt Lt Ajay Kumar Mazumdar

No. 2 Squadron IAF

India20th Sep Lahore sector Folland Gnat Unknown F-86 PAF pilot bailed out. Mazumdar awarded Vir Chakra [48]
Squadron Leader later Air Chief Marshal Sharbat Ali Changezi Pakistan20th Sep Lahore F-86 Squadron Leader S K Sharma Hawker Hunter Sharma bailed out [49] Changezi awarded Sitara-e-Jurat
Flight Lieutenant Syed Nazir Ahmed JilaniPakistan20th Sep Lahore sector F-86 Squadron Leader Deba Prasad Chatterjee Hawker Hunter Chatterjee KIA [50] Jilani awarded Tamgha-e-Basalat [51]
Flt Lt later Air Chief Marshal Jamal Ahmad Khan Afridi Pakistan21st Sep Lockheed F-104 Starfighter Sidewinder AIM-9BFlt Lt Manmohan Lowe

Fg Offr Kewal Krishan Kapur

 English Electric Canberra Lowe bailed out, [52] Kapur KIA, [53] Afridi awarded Sitara-e-Jurat
Indian AircraftCountry of Origin
Aérospatiale Alouette IIIFlag of France.svg  France
Bréguet Br.1050 AlizéFlag of France.svg  France
Dassault Mystère IV Flag of France.svg  France
de Havilland Vampire Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
English Electric Canberra Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Folland Gnat Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Hawker Hunter Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
HAL HF-24 MarutFlag of India.svg  India
HAL KrishakFlag of India.svg  India
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21FLFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Sukhoi Su-7BMKFlag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Pakistan AircraftCountry of Origin
Canadair SabreFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Cessna O-1 Bird DogFlag of the United States.svg  USA
Dassault Mirage IIIFlag of France.svg  France
Lockheed F-104 Starfighter Flag of the United States.svg  USA
North American F-86 Sabre Flag of the United States.svg  USA
Shenyang F6CFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China

Notes

  1. ↑ The specified timestamps for reference are 16:25-18:10, 20:26-21:07, and 29:00-31:17 in the podcast.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Air Force</span> Aerial service branch of the Indian Armed Forces

The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflicts. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire which honoured India's aviation service during World War II with the prefix Royal. After India gained independence from United Kingdom in 1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of the Dominion of India. With the transition to a republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon</span> Recipient of Param Vir Chakra

Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, PVC was an officer of the Indian Air Force. He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest military decoration during war time, in recognition of his lone defence of Srinagar Air Base against a Pakistan Air Force (PAF) air raid during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He is the only member of the Indian Air Force to be honoured with the PVC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No. 22 Squadron IAF</span> Military unit

No. 22 Squadron (Swifts) was a CAS unit based out of Hasimara AFS. Along with No. 222 Squadron IAF Tiger Sharks, No. 22 Squadron forms a part of the 16 Wing of the IAF. The squadron operated MiG-27 till December 2017 and the squadron number-plated since then.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No. 7 Squadron IAF</span> Military unit

No. 7 Squadron IAF operates as a Special Munitions Delivery and air superiority unit. Based at Gwalior AFB, No. 7 Squadron forms a part of 40 Wing AF, Central Air Command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui</span> Military aviator of Pakistan (1935-1965)

Squadron Leader Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui was a Pakistani fighter pilot who is known for his gallant actions in two of the aerial dogfights during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, and is a recipient of both the Hilal-e-Jurat and the Sitara-e-Jurat military awards from the Government of Pakistan.


The No. 3 Squadron IAF (Cobras) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) operates as a Close Air Support (CAS) and reconnaissance unit. Currently based at NAL Air Force Station, it falls under the Western Air Command, and forms the 46 wing of the IAF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">8-Pass Charlie</span> Pakistani bomber pilot

Najeeb Ahmad Khan, commonly known as 8-Pass Charlie, was a Pakistani bomber pilot who raided the Adampur Airbase in India a number of times during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, notably starting a series of airstrikes on the base by a solo raid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indo-Pakistani air war of 1965</span> Armed conflict between India and Pakistan

During the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, the Indian and Pakistani Air Forces engaged in large-scale aerial combat for the first time. In the air war, which took place in September, both air forces conducted thousands of defensive and offensive sorties over Indian and Pakistani airspace. Both India and Pakistan claimed victory in the air war; Pakistan claimed to have destroyed 104 Indian aircraft and lost 19, and India claimed to have destroyed 73 Pakistani aircraft and lost 35 of its own. The air war ended in a stalemate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No. 14 Squadron IAF</span> Military unit

No. 14 Squadron (Bulls), is a ground attack unit, operating out of AFS Ambala. The squadron currently operates SEPECAT Jaguar IS and IBs, operational since March 1981.

No. 26 Squadron IAF (Warriors) is the Ground Attack and Close Air Support unit of the Indian Air Force, operating from Pathankot Air Force Station under India's Western Air Command. The squadron was number plated on an unspecified date.

Air Commodore Imtiaz BhattiSJ SI(M) SBt in Gujrat, British India, is a cyclist and a former Air Force pilot of Pakistan. He was the Pakistan cycling champion during his student days at Punjab Agriculture College, Lyallpur in late 1940s and early 1950s. He set national cycling records and represented Pakistan in the individual and team road race events at the 1952 Summer Olympics where he was placed 1st among the Asian cyclists and 25th in the world in the 1000 m time trial. Bhatti a veteran of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 flew 34 combat missions, the maximum from Pakistan during the war and is credited with confirmed downing of two Indian planes and damaging a third, in addition to participating in raids that destroyed the Amritsar radar and various other air defence and ground support missions.

Squadron Leader Mandepanda Appachu Ganapathy was a fighter pilot and officer of the Indian Air Force, known for his involvement in the Aerial Battle of Boyra during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He was awarded the Vir Chakra for shooting down a PAF Sabre in the above-mentioned aerial battle

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ajjamada B. Devaiah</span> Indian Air Force officer

Squadron Leader Ajjamada Boppayya Devayya MVC is the only Indian Air Force officer to be posthumously awarded the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC). The Maha Vir Chakra is the second highest wartime gallantry award, below only to the Param Vir Chakra. During the 1965 India-Pakistan War, Devayya was part of a strike mission targeting the Pakistani airbase Sargodha when he was attacked by an enemy aircraft. He shot down the enemy pursuer's plane but in the process his aircraft was damaged and he went missing. Presumably he died in Pakistani territory. Twenty-three years later, in 1988, he was posthumously awarded the MVC award.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">No. 45 Squadron IAF</span> Military unit

No. 45 Squadron Indian Air Force is a Fighter Squadron internally based at Sulur AFS, Tamil Nadu. The squadron operates the indigenous HAL Tejas fighter from 1 July 2016. The squadron was initially based at Bangalore, Karnataka and later shifted to its main base in Sulur from 1 June 2018.

Air Vice Marshal Cecil Vivian Parker, MVC, VM is a former air officer of the Indian Air Force. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he was awarded the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second highest military decoration. He last served as the Commandant of the Air Force Academy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Virendera Singh Pathania</span> Indian Air Force fighter pilot

Group Captain Virendera Singh Pathania, VrC, VM, was an Indian Air Force (IAF) fighter pilot reputed for making the first confirmed aerial dogfight kill of independent India when he shot down a Pakistan Air Force (PAF) Sabre Jet with his Folland Gnat on 4 September 1965. For this action, he was awarded the Vir Chakra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amar Jit Singh Sandhu</span> Indian Air Force fighter pilot

Wing Commander Amar Jit Singh Sandhu VrC, VM was an Indian Air Force officer and fighter pilot. He was awarded the Vir Chakra and the Vayusena Medals. He is credited with shooting down a Pakistan Air Force North American F-86 Sabre in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghani Akbar</span> Pakistani fighter pilot

Squadron Leader Ghani Akbar SJ ,is a retired Pakistani fighter pilot and former officer in the Pakistan Air Force. He is best known for taking part in the devastating blitzkrieg on the Pathankot airbase in India during the 1965 Indo-Pakistani War, in which he doubled back and initiated a second attack on the airbase against the orders of his commanding officer Sajad Haider. Additionally, his formation destroyed 13 Indian aircraft including nine MiG-21s.

References

  1. ↑ "A stroll through the PAF museum: When a soldier takes up brushes, art happens". dawn. 3 February 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  2. 1 2 Creveld, Martin Van (2012). The Age of Airpower (illustrated, reprint ed.). PublicAffairs. pp. 286–287. ISBN   9781610391085.
  3. ↑ "Official History of IAF in 65 War" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  4. 1 2 Osama, Athar (7 September 2007). "1965 War: A Different Legacy" . Retrieved 2009-06-10.
  5. 1 2 O' Nordeen, Lon (1985). Air Warfare in the Missile Age . Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp.  84–87. ISBN   978-0-87474-680-8.
  6. 1 2 Leonard, Thomas M. (2006). Encyclopedia of the developing world. Taylor & Francis. p. 806. ISBN   978-0-415-97663-3 . Retrieved 14 April 2011.
  7. ↑ The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-14.
  8. ↑ "Roll of Honour". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  9. ↑ "Chapter 6: The Lull – Air Operations (Sept 8th to 14th)". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  10. ↑ "IAF History". 12 March 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  11. ↑ "F-86 Sabres of Pakistan Air Force". Pakistan Defense. May 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  12. ↑ "Group Captain Shrlkrishna Vishnu Phatak". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  13. ↑ Kaiser Tufail. "SQN LDR SARFARAZ AHMED RIAFIQUI (HILAL-E-JURAT)". DefenceJournal.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 1999.
  14. ↑ "Profile and awards of Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui". GlobalSecurity.com. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  15. ↑ "Squadron Leader Aspi Kekobad Bhagwagar". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  16. ↑ "Flight Lieutenant Satish Bharadwaj". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  17. ↑ "Heroes-Pakistan Air Force Museum, 1965 Gallantry Awards" . Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  18. ↑ "Flight Lieutenant Vijay Madhav Joshi". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  19. ↑ "Heroes-Pakistan Air Force Museum, 1965 Gallantry Awards" . Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  20. ↑ Air Commodore M. Kaiser Tufail. "Run... It's a 104". Jang News. Archived from the original on 2007-03-19.
  21. ↑ "Air war over Kashmir". 7 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  22. ↑ Shukla, Ajai. "The day nothing happened". Business Standard. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  23. ↑ Indian Air Force awards Archived 2007-10-27 at the Wayback Machine "Group Captain Virendera Singh Pathania" . Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  24. ↑ "1965 War, Chapter 3." Archived 6 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine bharat-rakshak.com. Retrieved: 4 November 2010.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 "1965 India-Pakistan war: How IAF's heroes slayed PAF's superior Sabre fighter jets". 6 September 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  26. ↑ Pushpindar Singh Chopra, Ravi Rikhye (1991). Fiza'ya: Psyche of the Pakistan Air Force. Society for Aerospace Studies. p. 207.
  27. ↑ Strategicus (29 December 2020). "AIR COMMODORE SYED SAJJAD HAIDER ON CECIL CHAUDHRY RAFIQUI AND THE MYTH OF JAMMED GUNS". podcasters.spotify.com (Podcast). Spotify.
  28. ↑ "SQUADRON LEADER AJJAMADA BOPAYYA DEVAYYA (4810) VM". Indian Air Force official website.
  29. ↑ "Flight Lieutenant Babul Guha". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  30. 1 2 3 "1965 Sargodha attack: How IAF hit Pakistan's most protected base & destroyed 10 aircraft". 9 September 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  31. ↑ "Sqn Ldr S C Bhagwat" . Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  32. ↑ "Flying Officer Jagdev Singh Brar" . Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  33. ↑ "Story of Flt Lt Alfred Tyrone Cooke: IAF's unsung 1965 hero & his classic 1 vs 4 air combat". The Print. 12 May 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  34. ↑ "Wing Commander Subodh Chandra Mamgain". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  35. ↑ Group Captain SM HALI. "TAIL CHOPPERS-BIRTH OF A LEGEND". Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 8 October 1999. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  36. ↑ "Wing Commander Arvind Kale" . Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  37. ↑ Jagan Mohan, P.V.S; Chopra, Samir (2005). The India-Pakistan air war of 1965. Manohar. ISBN   978-81-7304-641-4. pages=240–241
  38. ↑ Jackson, Robert (1994). F-86 Sabre: the operational record. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 107. ISBN   9781560985310.
  39. ↑ Fricker, John (1979). Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965. Ian Allan Ltd. ISBN   9780711009295. page=150
  40. ↑ "Chronological Listing of Indian Air Force, Naval Air Force and related Losses & Ejections". October 2013. Archived from the original on 22 December 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  41. ↑ "Group Captain Bharat Singh". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  42. ↑ "Flg Offr Farokh Dara Bunsha". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  43. ↑ "Wing Commander Amar Jit Singh Sandhu". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  44. ↑ "Wing Commander Maya Dev Chatterjee". Bharat-Rakshak.com. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  45. ↑ "PAKISTAN AIR FORCE - Official website". Paf.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
  46. ↑ "A SPLIT second decision in air combat". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  47. ↑ "Air Marshal Denzil Joseph Keelor". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  48. ↑ "Wing Commander Ajay Kumar Mazumdar". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  49. ↑ "Squadron Leader Sarvan Kumar Sharma". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  50. ↑ "Squadron Leader Deba Prasad Chatterjee". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  51. ↑ "Heroes-Pakistan Air Force Museum, 1965 Gallantry Awards" . Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  52. ↑ "Squadron Leader Manmohan Lowe". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  53. ↑ "Flying Officer Kewal Krishan Kapur". Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.