List of art critics

Last updated

This incomplete list of art critics enumerates persons who had or have a significant part of their known creative output in the form of art criticism, which consists mostly of the written discussion and aesthetic evaluation of works of art. [1] [2]

Contents

Scope

There is no official list of art critics, the compilation of which is compounded by problems in defining art criticism – not least of which is the overlap with art history, [1] and philosophy of art. Herein will be included those authors that are mentioned as being art critics or producing art criticism in works of reference, as are encyclopedias, dictionaries or scholarly reviews.

According to one authority, art criticism, in a close approximation to the current sociocultural framework of the activity, started in the 18th century CE in Western Europe. [1] However, many authors living before that time and outside that region of the world wrote on the subject of art and aesthetic experience, though using terms and concepts that may not have a direct translation into the lexicon of the Western tradition. [1] These, when mentioned, will be included as well though pertinently noted.

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

John Neal, first American art critic John Neal by Sarah Miriam Peale 1823 Portland Museum of Art.jpg
John Neal, first American art critic

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also

Related Research Articles

Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art. Aesthetics examines the philosophy of aesthetic value, which is determined by critical judgements of artistic taste; thus, the function of aesthetics is the "critical reflection on art, culture and nature".

Metaphilosophy, sometimes called the philosophy of philosophy, is "the investigation of the nature of philosophy". Its subject matter includes the aims of philosophy, the boundaries of philosophy, and its methods. Thus, while philosophy characteristically inquires into the nature of being, the reality of objects, the possibility of knowledge, the nature of truth, and so on, metaphilosophy is the self-reflective inquiry into the nature, aims, and methods of the activity that makes these kinds of inquiries, by asking what is philosophy itself, what sorts of questions it should ask, how it might pose and answer them, and what it can achieve in doing so. It is considered by some to be a subject prior and preparatory to philosophy, while others see it as inherently a part of philosophy, or automatically a part of philosophy while others adopt some combination of these views.

Pantheism is the philosophical religious belief that reality, the universe, and nature are identical to divinity or a supreme entity. The physical universe is thus understood as an immanent deity, still expanding and creating, which has existed since the beginning of time. The term pantheist designates one who holds both that everything constitutes a unity and that this unity is divine, consisting of an all-encompassing, manifested god or goddess. All astronomical objects are thence viewed as parts of a sole deity.

Postmodern philosophy is a philosophical movement that arose in the second half of the 20th century as a critical response to assumptions allegedly present in modernist philosophical ideas regarding culture, identity, history, or language that were developed during the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment. Postmodernist thinkers developed concepts like difference, repetition, trace, and hyperreality to subvert "grand narratives", univocity of being, and epistemic certainty. Postmodern philosophy questions the importance of power relationships, personalization, and discourse in the "construction" of truth and world views. Many postmodernists appear to deny that an objective reality exists, and appear to deny that there are objective moral values.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western canon</span> Cultural classics valued in the West

The Western canon is the body of high-culture literature, music, philosophy, and works of art that are highly valued in the West; works that have achieved the status of classics. However, not all these works originate in the Western world, and such works are also valued throughout the globe. It is "a certain Western intellectual tradition that goes from, say, Socrates to Wittgenstein in philosophy, and from Homer to James Joyce in literature".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Literary theory</span> Systematic study of the nature of literature

Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy.

Analytic philosophy is a broad, contemporary movement or tradition within Western philosophy and especially anglophone philosophy focused on analysis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Postmodern art</span> Art movement

Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donald Davidson (philosopher)</span> American philosopher (1917–2003)

Donald Herbert Davidson was an American philosopher. He served as Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1981 to 2003 after having also held teaching appointments at Stanford University, Rockefeller University, Princeton University, and the University of Chicago. Davidson was known for his charismatic personality and the depth and difficulty of his thought. His work exerted considerable influence in many areas of philosophy from the 1960s onward, particularly in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and action theory. While Davidson was an analytic philosopher, and most of his influence lies in that tradition, his work has attracted attention in continental philosophy as well, particularly in literary theory and related areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Homoeroticism</span> Sexual attraction between members of the same sex

Homoeroticism is sexual attraction between members of the same sex, including both male–male and female–female attraction. The concept differs from the concept of homosexuality: it refers specifically to the desire itself, which can be temporary, whereas "homosexuality" implies a more permanent state of identity or sexual orientation. It has been depicted or manifested throughout the history of the visual arts and literature and can also be found in performative forms; from theatre to the theatricality of uniformed movements. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it is "pertaining to or characterized by a tendency for erotic emotions to be centered on a person of the same sex; or pertaining to a homo-erotic person."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregory Currie</span>

Gregory Paul Currie FAHA is a British philosopher and academic, known for his work on philosophical aesthetics and the philosophy of mind. Currie is Professor of Philosophy at the University of York and Executive Editor of Mind & Language.

Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. It involves logical analysis of language and clarification of the meaning of words and concepts.

Economic methodology is the study of methods, especially the scientific method, in relation to economics, including principles underlying economic reasoning. In contemporary English, 'methodology' may reference theoretical or systematic aspects of a method. Philosophy and economics also takes up methodology at the intersection of the two subjects.

Robert L. Bernasconi is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. He is known as a reader of Martin Heidegger and Emmanuel Levinas, and for his work on the concept of race. He has also written on the history of philosophy.

The philosophy of film is a branch of aesthetics within the discipline of philosophy that seeks to understand the most basic questions about film. Philosophy of film has significant overlap with film theory, a branch of film studies.

Charles Townsend Harrison, BA Hons (Cantab), MA (Cantab), PhD (London) was a UK art historian who taught Art History for many years and was Emeritus Professor of History and Theory of Art at the Open University. Although he denied being an artist himself, he was a full participant and catalyst in the Art and Language group.

This is intended to be as comprehensive a list as possible of encyclopedias and encyclopedic/biographical dictionaries ever published in any language. The list will not include reprinted editions but it is intended to list an alphabetical bibliography by theme and language to anything which resembles an A–Z encyclopedia or encyclopedic dictionary, both print and online. Entries are in the English language unless specifically stated as otherwise. Several entries may overlap and be listed under several different topics. For a simple list without bibliographic information see Lists of encyclopedias.

This is a list of encyclopedias and encyclopedic/biographical dictionaries published on the subject of art and artists in any language. Entries are in the English language unless stated as otherwise.

This is a list of encyclopedias as well as encyclopedic and biographical dictionaries published on the subjects of religion and mythology in any language.

Abigail Solomon-Godeau is an American art critic, exhibition curator, art historian, and Professor Emerita in art history, University of California, Santa Barbara.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Elkins, James (1996). "Art Criticism". In Jane Turner (ed.). Grove Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press.
  2. 1 2 Gemtou, Eleni (2010). "Subjectivity in Art History and Art Criticism" (PDF). Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. 2 (1): 2–13. doi: 10.21659/rupkatha.v2n1.02 . Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  3. ↑ Neumann, Caryn E. (2006). "Frederick Sommer". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1463.
  4. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  700–701.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Tekiner, Deniz (2006). "Formalist Art Criticism and the Politics of Meaning". Social Justice. 33 (2 (104) – Art, Power, and Social Change): 31–44. JSTOR   29768369.
  6. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  153.
  7. ↑ Bates, Scott (2006). "Apollinaire, Guillaume". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 40.
  8. ↑ Moulton, Ian Frederick (2006). "Aretino, Pietro". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 72.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Debbie Lewer, ed. (2005). Post-Impressionism to World War II. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. x. ISBN   978-1-4051-1153-9.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Barnett, Maura (November 1993). The contemporary response to British art before Ruskin's "Modern painters": an examination of exhibition reviews published in the British periodical press and the journalist art critics who penned them: from the late eighteenth century to 1843 (PhD). University of Warwick. pp. 312–337. Retrieved 2013-12-12.
  11. ↑ Greenberger, SARA (2006). "Alfred H. Barr, Jr.". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 99.
  12. ↑ Friedman, Daniel (2006). "The Museum Of Modern Art Of New York". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1104.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Anderson, Tom (Summer 1993). "Defining and Structuring Art Criticism for Education". Studies in Art Education. 34 (4). National Art Education Association: 199–208. doi:10.2307/1320404. JSTOR   1320404.
  14. ↑ Pedri, Nancy (2006). "Semiotics". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1404.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Marion, Sarah L. (2006). "Creative Camera". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 340.
  16. ↑ Todd-Raque, Susan (2006). "Photography In The United States: The South". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1594.
  17. ↑ Woods, Marianne Berger (2006). "Dora Maar". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 987.
  18. ↑ Wreen, Michael (Fall 2010). "Beardsley's Aesthetics". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  19. 1 2 Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  113, 912.
  20. 1 2 Pedri, Nancy (2006). "Susan Sontag". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1466.
  21. ↑ Osborne, Peter; Charles, Matthew (Winter 2013). "Walter Benjamin". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (forthcoming URL)
  22. ↑ Rexer, Lyle (2006). "John Berger". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 121.
  23. ↑ Woods, Marianne Berger (2006). "Dora Maar". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 988.
  24. ↑ "Jacques Herzog explains the spheres in his design for the Berggruen Institute | Design & Architecture". blogs.kcrw.com. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 2018-06-17. "[Nicolas] Berggruen [is the] son of the late Heinz Berggruen, a prominent art dealer, and brother of art critic and historian Olivier Berggruen."
  25. ↑ Brown, Leslie K. (2006). "Francis Joseph Bruguiére". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 176.
  26. 1 2 3 Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  544.
  27. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  323.
  28. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  1036.
  29. ↑ Clemmen, Yves-Antoine (2006). "Discursive Spaces". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 399.
  30. ↑ Woods, Marianne Berger (2006). "Gertrude Käsebier". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 844.
  31. ↑ Athanassopoulos, Vangelis (2006). "History Of Photography: The 1980s". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 745.
  32. ↑ Rousseau, Claudia (2017-06-07). "The Obsessions of F. Lennox Campello". East City Art. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  33. ↑ Merckel, Nola (2006). "Du Camp, Maxime". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 370.
  34. ↑ Gotesky, Rubin (2006). "Carus, Carl Gustav". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 63.
  35. ↑ Retter, Yolanda (2006). "Photography In South America". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1468.
  36. ↑ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 425.
  37. ↑ Kempf, Jean (2006). "Photography In France". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 553.
  38. 1 2 3 Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  893.
  39. ↑ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 412.
  40. ↑ Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (2001). "Forthuny, Pascal". Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Vol. 1. Gale Group. p. 1395.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 Wrigley, Richard (1983). "Censorship and Anonymity in Eighteenth-Century French Art Criticism". Oxford Art Journal. 6 (2, Criticism). Oxford University Press: 17–28. doi:10.1093/oxartj/6.2.17. JSTOR   1360201.
  42. ↑ Todd-Raque, Susan (2006). "Photography In The United States: The South". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1595.
  43. ↑ Barr, Nancy (2006). "John Coplans". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 328.
  44. 1 2 Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  1089.
  45. ↑ Shepard, Benjamin (2006). "sex panics". In Ritzer, George (ed.). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (2nd ed.). Blackwell. p. 4207.
  46. ↑ Bussard, Katherine (2006). "Museums: United States". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1135.
  47. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  108.
  48. ↑ Silvers, Anita (2006). "Danto, Arthur". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 627.
  49. ↑ Adajian, Thomas (Winter 2012). "The Definition of Art". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  50. ↑ Mraz, John (2006). "Photography In Mexico". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1035.
  51. 1 2 Gagnon, Monika Kin (2006). "Barbara Kruger". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 894.
  52. ↑ Torrey, Norman L. (2006). "Diderot, Denis". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 71.
  53. ↑ Masciello, Jessica M. (2006). "Diderot, Denis (1731–1784)". In Birx, H. James (ed.). Encyclopedia of time : science, philosophy, theology, and culture (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. p. 310.
  54. ↑ McKaig, Bruce (2006). "Centre national de la photographie". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 261.
  55. ↑ Debbie Lewer, ed. (2005). Post-Impressionism to World War II. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 65. ISBN   978-1-4051-1153-9.
  56. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  22.
  57. ↑ Howe, Andrew (2006). "Leni Riefenstahl". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1345.
  58. ↑ Rosenthal, Donald (2006). "Hugo Erfurth". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 446.
  59. ↑ Crank, Andy (2006). "Walker Evans". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 465.
  60. ↑ King, Bruce (1993). "New English Literatures". In Coyle, Martin; Garside, Peter; Kelsall, Malcolm; Peck, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism. Routledge. p. 1119.
  61. ↑ Retter, Yolanda (2006). "Photography In South America". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1469.
  62. 1 2 Neumann, Caryn E. (2006). "Josef Koudelka". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 886.
  63. ↑ Raffel, Burton (1993). "Translation". In Preminger, Alex; Brogan, T. V. F. (eds.). The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton University Press. p. 1305.
  64. ↑ Wicks, Robert (Winter 2011). "Arthur Schopenhauer". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  65. ↑ Walter, Nancy Paige Ryan (1995). From Armida to Cornelia: Women and Representation in Prerevolutionary France (MA). Texas Tech University. p. 11. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  66. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  23–24.
  67. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  1065.
  68. ↑ Patrick, Martin (2006). "Appropriation". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 46.
  69. 1 2 Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  953–954.
  70. ↑ Francisco, Jason (2006). "War Photography". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1643.
  71. ↑ Leddy, Tom (Spring 2013). "Dewey's Aesthetics". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  72. ↑ Cyril, Thomas (2006). "Photography In Japan". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 829.
  73. ↑ Hale, Terry (2006). "Gautier, Theóphile". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 523.
  74. ↑ Marion, Sarah L. (2006). "Creative Camera". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 341.
  75. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  701.
  76. ↑ Young, Stephenie (2006). "History of Photography: Postwar Era". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 738.
  77. ↑ Murphy, Michael P. (2008). A theology of criticism: Balthasar, postmodernism, and the Catholic imagination . Oxford University Press. p.  119. ISBN   978-0-19-533352-7.
  78. 1 2 3 Guyer, Paul (2006). "Aesthetics, History of [addendum]". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 67.
  79. ↑ Golden, Renata (2006). "Robert Rauschenberg". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1322.
  80. ↑ Boden, Margaret A. (2006). Mind as machine : a history of cognitive science ([1st paperback ed.]. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.  28. ISBN   978-0199241446.
  81. ↑ Debbie Lewer, ed. (2005). Post-Impressionism to World War II. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 55. ISBN   978-1-4051-1153-9.
  82. ↑ Cogman, Peter (2006). "Huysmans, Joris-Karl". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 654.
  83. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  561–562.
  84. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  1029.
  85. ↑ Retter, Yolanda (2006). "Ruth Bernhard". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 123.
  86. ↑ McCarroll, Stacey (2006). "Feminist Photography". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 509.
  87. ↑ Young, Stephenie (2006). "Max Kozloff". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 889.
  88. ↑ Clemmen, Yves (2006). "Rosalind Krauss". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 891.
  89. ↑ Gagnon, Monika Kin (2006). "Barbara Kruger". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. pp. 893–894.
  90. ↑ Gerstheimer, Christian (2006). "Arnulf Rainer". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1318.
  91. ↑ Myzelev, Alla (2006). "Photography In Russia And Eastern Europe". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1373.
  92. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  553.
  93. ↑ Keith, Rachel (2006). "William Eggleston". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 431.
  94. ↑ Ackerman, James S. (Winter 1960). "Art History and the Problems of Criticism". Daedalus. 89 (1 – The Visual Arts Today): 253–263. JSTOR   20026565.
  95. ↑ Gordon, Richard (2006). "Lewis Wickes Hine". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 699.
  96. ↑ Dumas, Nathalie (2006). "Millet, Catherine, and Jacques Henric". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 901.
  97. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  660–661.
  98. ↑ Lomine, Loykie Loïc (2006). "Mirbeau, Octave". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 908.
  99. ↑ Kempf, Jean (2006). "Photography In France". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 552.
  100. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  813–814.
  101. 1 2 Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p.  118. ISBN   080-5-7723-08.
  102. 1 2 Dickson, Harold Edward (1943). Observations on American Art: Selections from the Writings of John Neal (1793-1876). State College, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State College. p. ix.
  103. ↑ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 415.
  104. ↑ Brulotte, Gaëtan (2006). "Noël, Bernard". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 960.
  105. ↑ Myzelev, Alla (2006). "Photography In Russia And Eastern Europe". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1372.
  106. ↑ "BIG AND LITTLE. Martha Tracy Owler". The Standard Union. 5 September 1891. p. 8. Retrieved 21 November 2023.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  107. ↑ Schaper, Eva (2006). "Pater, Walter Horatio". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 136.
  108. ↑ Paquet, Dominique (2006). "Pierre, José". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 1031.
  109. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  311.
  110. ↑ Boden, Margaret A. (2006). Mind as machine : a history of cognitive science ([1st paperback ed.]. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1089. ISBN   978-0199241446.
  111. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  711.
  112. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  183.
  113. ↑ Cohen, Alan (2006). "Franz Roh". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1352.
  114. ↑ Barden, Lane (2006). "Wiener aktionismus". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1687.
  115. ↑ Levinson, Jerrold (1998). "Erotic art". Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Version 1.0. Routledge.
  116. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  541.
  117. ↑ Francisco, Jason (2006). "War Photography". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1640.
  118. 1 2 Ridley, Aaron (2006). "Wilde, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 763.
  119. ↑ Fuller, John (2006). "Frederick Henry Evans". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 462.
  120. ↑ Athanassopoulos, Vangelis (2006). "History Of Photography: The 1980s". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 747.
  121. ↑ Hay, Katia D. (Spring 2010). "August Wilhelm von Schlegel". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  122. ↑ Denny, Margaret (2006). "Florence Henri". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 691.
  123. ↑ Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (2001). "Sharp, William". Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Vol. 2. Gale Group. p. 1395.
  124. ↑ Hausmann, Brigitte (2006). "Body Art". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 144.
  125. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  274–275.
  126. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  863.
  127. ↑ Wheeler, Sarah B. (2006). "Abigail Solomon-Godeau". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1462.
  128. ↑ Golden, Renata (2006). "Robert Rauschenberg". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1321.
  129. ↑ Whiting, Elizabeth K. (2006). "Louis Stettner". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1493.
  130. ↑ Duganne, Erina (2006). "John Szarkowski". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1525.
  131. ↑ "Catherine Taft". Aspect. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  132. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. pp.  363–364.
  133. ↑ Alexander, Stuart (2006). "The Decisive Moment". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 374.
  134. ↑ Breslin, Nancy A. (2006). "Deborah Turbeville". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1560.
  135. ↑ Shapiro, Carla Rose (2006). "Charles Traub". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1554.
  136. ↑ Shantz, Jeffrey (2006). "Arkadii Shaikhet". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1414.
  137. ↑ Keith, Rachel (2006). "Magnum Photos". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 996.
  138. ↑ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 346.
  139. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  445.
  140. ↑ Pittas-Giroux, Justin (2006). "Carl Van Vechten". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1605.
  141. ↑ Ruelfs, Esther (2006). "Herbert List". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 964.
  142. ↑ Patrick, Martin (2006). "Paul Virilio". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1618.
  143. ↑ Kloehn, Peter (2006). "History Of Photography: Nineteenth-Century Foundations". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 705.
  144. ↑ Headley, Jennifer (2006). "Deborah Willis-Kennedy". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1689.
  145. 1 2 Rudnicki, Mark (2006). "Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy)". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1695.
  146. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  15.
  147. ↑ Yang, Shin-Yi (2006). "Photography In China And Taiwan". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 278.
  148. ↑ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990 . Blackwell. p.  210.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.