| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
|---|
| 2012 | Alliance of Women Film Journalists | Best Ensemble Cast | Moneyball | Nominated | [36] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [37] |
| 2019 | Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards | Best International Supporting Actor | Won | [18] |
| 2011 | Boston Society of Film Critics | Best Actor | Moneyball | Won | [38] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [39] |
| 2019 | Capri Hollywood International Film Festival | Best Ensemble Cast | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [40] |
| 2009 | Critics' Choice Movie Awards | Best Movie Actor | The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | Nominated | [41] |
| Best Acting Ensemble | Nominated | [42] |
| 2010 | Inglourious Basterds | Won | [43] |
| 2012 | Best Movie Actor | Moneyball | Nominated | [44] |
| 2014 | Best Action Movie Actor | World War Z | Nominated | [45] |
| 2015 | Fury | Nominated | [46] |
| 2016 | Best Comedy | The Big Short | Won | [47] |
| Best Acting Ensemble | Nominated | [48] |
| 2020 | Best Movie Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [49] |
| Best Acting Ensemble | Nominated |
| Best Horror or Sci-Fi Movie | Ad Astra | Nominated |
| 2006 | Chicago Film Critics Association | Best Supporting Actor | Babel | Nominated | [50] |
| 2011 | The Tree of Life | Nominated | [51] [52] |
| 2019 | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [53] |
| 2008 | Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association | Best Actor | The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | 4th runner-up | [54] |
| 2011 | Moneyball | Nominated | [55] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [56] |
| 2011 | Detroit Film Critics Society | Best Actor | Moneyball | Nominated | [57] |
| 2015 | Best Ensemble | The Big Short | Nominated | [58] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Nominated | [59] |
| 2015 | Florida Film Critics Circle | Best Ensemble | The Big Short | Nominated | [60] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Nominated | [61] |
| 2011 | Georgia Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Moneyball | Won | [62] |
| Best Supporting Actor | The Tree of Life | Won |
| 2019 | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Nominated | [63] |
| 1995 | Golden Raspberry Awards | Worst Screen Couple | Interview with the Vampire | Won [a] | [64] |
| 2023 | Worst Picture | Blonde | Won | [65] |
| 2012 | Guys Choice | Guy of the Year | — | Won | [66] |
| 2019 | Hollywood Critics Association | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Nominated | [67] |
| 2008 | Houston Film Critics Society | Best Actor | The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | Nominated | [68] |
| Best Supporting Actor | Burn After Reading | Nominated | [69] |
| 2011 | Best Actor | Moneyball | Nominated | [70] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [71] |
| 2012 | Jupiter Award | Best International Actor | The Tree of Life | Nominated | [36] |
| 1995 | MTV Movie & TV Awards | Best Male Performance | Interview with the Vampire | Won | [2] [1] |
| Most Desirable Male | Won |
| Best On-Screen Duo | Nominated [a] |
| 1996 | Most Desirable Male | Seven | Won | [72] |
| Best On-Screen Duo | Nominated [b] |
| 2002 | Best On-Screen Team | Ocean's Eleven | Nominated [c] | [73] |
| 2005 | Best Male Performance | Troy | Nominated | [74] [75] |
| Best Fight | Nominated [d] |
| 2006 | Best Kiss | Mr. & Mrs. Smith | Nominated [e] | [76] |
| Best Fight | Won |
| 2014 | Best Scared-As-S**t Performance | World War Z | Won | [77] |
| 2022 | Best Team | The Lost City | Nominated [f] | [78] |
| 2015 | National Board of Review | Best Ensemble | The Big Short | Won | [79] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [80] |
| 2011 | National Society of Film Critics | Best Actor | Moneyball | Won | [81] |
| The Tree of Life | Won |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [82] |
| 2011 | New York Film Critics Circle | Best Actor | Moneyball | Won | [83] |
| The Tree of Life | Won |
| 2011 | Online Film Critics Society | Best Supporting Actor | Nominated | [84] |
| 2019 | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [85] |
| 2007 | Palm Springs International Film Festival | Ensemble Cast Award | Babel | Won | [86] |
| 2011 | Desert Palm Achievement Award | Moneyball | Won | [87] |
| The Tree of Life | Won |
| 2015 | Ensemble Cast Award | The Big Short | Won | [88] |
| 2006 | People's Choice Awards | Favorite Leading Actor | — | Won | [89] [90] |
| Favorite on Screen Match-Up | Mr. & Mrs. Smith | Nominated [e] | [91] |
| Favorite Male Action Star | Nominated |
| 2008 | Favorite On Screen Match-up | Ocean's Thirteen | Won [g] | [92] [93] |
| 2010 | Favorite Movie Actor | Inglourious Basterds | Nominated | [94] |
| 2014 | Favorite Action Movie Actor | World War Z | Nominated | [95] |
| 2015 | Favorite Movie Actor | Fury | Nominated | [96] |
| Favorite Dramatic Movie Actor | Nominated |
| 2019 | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Nominated | [97] |
| 2015 | Producers Guild Awards | Outstanding Long-Form Television | The Normal Heart | Nominated | [98] [99] |
| Visionary Award | Won |
| Stanley Kramer Award | Won |
| 1998 | Rembrandt Award | Audience Choice | Seven Years in Tibet | Won | [100] |
| 2006 | San Diego Film Critics Society | Best Ensemble Performance | Babel | Won | [101] |
| 2009 | Inglourious Basterds | Won | [102] |
| 2011 | Best Actor | Moneyball | Nominated | [103] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [104] |
| 2019 | Seattle Film Critics Society | Best Supporting Actor | Nominated | [105] |
| 2011 | St. Louis Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Moneyball | Nominated | [106] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [107] |
| 2006 | Satellite Awards | Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture | Babel | Nominated | [108] |
| 2020 | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Nominated | [109] |
| 1996 | Saturn Awards | Best Supporting Actor | 12 Monkeys | Won | [110] |
| 2009 | Best Actor | The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | Nominated | [111] |
| 2014 | Best Actor | World War Z | Nominated | [112] |
| 2019 | Toronto Film Critics Association | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [113] |
| 2002 | Teen Choice Awards | Best Actor in a Drama/Action Adventure | Ocean's Eleven | Nominated | [114] |
| 2005 | Choice Movie: Dance Scene | Mr. & Mrs. Smith | Nominated [e] | [115] |
| Choice Movie: Liplock | Nominated [e] |
| Choice Movie: Chemistry | Nominated [e] |
| Choice Movie: Liar | Nominated |
| Choice Movie Actor: Action | Nominated |
| Choice Movie: Rumble | Won [e] |
| 2009 | Choice Movie Actor: Drama | The Curious Case of Benjamin Button | Nominated | [116] |
| 2019 | Vancouver Film Critics Circle | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [117] |
| 2007 | Venice Film Festival | Volpi Cup for Best Actor | The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford | Won | [118] |
| 2011 | Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association | Best Actor | Moneyball | Nominated | [119] |
| 2015 | Best Acting Ensemble | The Big Short | Nominated | [120] |
| 2019 | Best Supporting Actor | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | Won | [121] |