List of borough presidents of New York City

The following is a list of borough presidents of the five boroughs of New York City.

Manhattan

Before 1874, when it annexed part of the Bronx, New York City was the same as the present Borough of Manhattan. For New York's mayors before 1898, see List of mayors of New York City.

No.	Borough President		Took office	Left office	Tenure	Election	Party
1		Augustus W. Peters (1844–1898) [1] [2]	January 1, 1898	December 29, 1898 [a]	362 days	1897		Democratic
Vacant			December 29, 1898	January 5, 1899
2		James J. Coogan (1846–1915) [3]	January 5, 1899	December 31, 1901	2 years, 360 days	App.		Democratic
3		Jacob A. Cantor (1854–1921) [4] [5]	January 1, 1902	December 31, 1903	1 year, 364 days	1901		Fusion (Republican)
4		John F. Ahearn (1853–1920) [6] [7] [8]	January 1, 1904	December 29, 1909 [b]	5 years, 362 days	1903		Democratic
						1905
5		John Cloughen (1849–1911) Interim [13] [14] [15]	December 29, 1909	December 31, 1909	2 days	App.		Democratic
6		George McAneny (1869–1953) [16] [17] [18]	January 1, 1910	December 31, 1913	3 years, 364 days	1909		Fusion (Democratic)
7		Marcus M. Marks (1858–1934) [17] [18]	January 1, 1914	December 31, 1917	3 years, 364 days	1913		Republican
8		Frank L. Dowling (c. 1865–1919) [19] [20]	January 1, 1918	September 27, 1919 [a]	1 year, 269 days	1917		Democratic
–		Michael F. Loughman (1866–1937) Acting [21]	September 27, 1919	October 16, 1919	19 days	–		Democratic
9		Edward F. Boyle (c. 1876–1943) Interim [22]	October 16, 1919	November 17, 1919 [c]	32 days	App.		Democratic
–		Michael F. Loughman (1866–1937) Acting [24]	November 17, 1919	December 31, 1919	44 days	–		Democratic
10		Henry H. Curran (1877–1966) [25] [26]	January 1, 1920	December 31, 1921	1 year, 364 days	1919 special		Republican
11		Julius Miller (1880–1955) [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32]	January 1, 1922	December 31, 1930 [d]	8 years, 364 days	1921		Democratic
						1925
						1929
Vacant			January 1, 1931	January 16, 1931
12		Samuel Levy (1876–1953) [34] [35] [36]	January 16, 1931	December 31, 1937	6 years, 349 days	App.		Democratic
						1933
13		Stanley M. Isaacs (1882–1962) [37] [38] [39]	January 1, 1938	December 31, 1941	3 years, 364 days	1937		Republican
14		Edgar J. Nathan (1891–1965) [40] [41] [42] [43]	January 1, 1942	December 31, 1945	3 years, 364 days	1941		Republican
15		Hugo Rogers (1899–1974) [43] [44] [45]	January 1, 1946	December 31, 1949	3 years, 364 days	1945		Democratic
16		Robert F. Wagner Jr. (1910–1991) [46]	January 1, 1950	December 31, 1953 [e]	3 years, 364 days	1949		Democratic
17		Hulan Jack (1906–1986) [47] [48]	January 1, 1954	January 13, 1960 [f]	6 years, 12 days	1953		Democratic
						1957
–		Louis A. Cioffi (TBA–TBA) Acting [49] [50]	January 13, 1960	March 15, 1960	62 days	–		Democratic
(17)		Hulan Jack (1906–1986) [50]	March 15, 1960 [g]	April 22, 1960 [h]	38 days	–		Democratic
–		Louis A. Cioffi (TBA–TBA) Acting [51]	April 22, 1960	January 31, 1961	284 days	–		Democratic
18		Edward Richard Dudley (1911–2005) [53] [54]	January 31, 1961	January 4, 1965 [i]	3 years, 339 days	App.		Democratic
						1961
–		Earl Louis Brown (1903–1980) Acting	January 4, 1965	February 24, 1965	51 days	–		Democratic
19		Constance Baker Motley (1921–2005) [57] [58]	February 24, 1965	September 8, 1966 [j]	1 year, 196 days	App.		Democratic
						1965
–		Leonard N. Cohen (TBA–TBA) Acting [60]	September 8, 1966	September 13, 1966	5 days	–		Democratic
20		Percy Sutton (1920–2009) [61] [62] [63] [64]	September 13, 1966	December 31, 1977 [k]	11 years, 110 days	App.		Democratic
						1966 special
						1969
						1973
21		Andrew Stein (born 1945) [65] [66] [67]	January 1, 1978	December 31, 1985 [l]	7 years, 364 days	1977		Democratic
						1981
22		David Dinkins (1927–2020) [68]	January 1, 1986	December 31, 1989 [m]	3 years, 364 days	1985		Democratic
23		Ruth Messinger (born 1940) [70] [71]	January 1, 1990	December 31, 1997 [n]	7 years, 364 days	1989		Democratic
						1993
24		C. Virginia Fields (born 1945) [72] [73]	January 1, 1998	December 31, 2005 [o]	8 years, 0 days	1997		Democratic
						2001
25		Scott Stringer (born 1960) [74] [75]	January 1, 2006	December 31, 2013 [p]	7 years, 364 days	2005		Democratic
						2009
26		Gale Brewer (born 1951) [76] [77] [78]	January 1, 2014	December 31, 2021	7 years, 364 days	2013		Democratic
						2017
27		Mark Levine (born 1969) [79]	January 1, 2022	Incumbent [q]	3 years, 344 days	2021		Democratic
28		Brad Hoylman-Sigal (born 1965)	Due to take office January 1, 2026		−21 days	2025		Democratic

1. Died in office
2. Ahearn was removed by Governor Charles Evans Hughes for failure to perform his duties, ^[9] but was re-elected as his own replacement by a 24–12 vote of the Manhattan aldermen ^[10] and managed to stay in office by legal challenges until the Court of Appeals ruled against him near the end of his term. ^{[11] [12]}
3. Boyle resigned to become chairman of the New York State Industrial Commission. ^[23]
4. Miller resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^[33]
5. Wagner ran successfully for Mayor of New York City.
6. Jack suspended himself from office upon being indicted for conspiracy to obstruct justice and violations of the New York City charter. ^[49]
7. Jack resumed office after his indictment was dismissed on technical grounds. ^[50]
8. Jack suspended himself a second time when his indictment was reinstated ^[51] and was removed from office upon his sentencing. ^[52]
9. Dudley resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^{[55] [56]}
10. Baker was appointed as a federal judge. ^{[59] [60]}
11. Sutton ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of New York City. ^[65]
12. Stein ran successfully for President of the New York City Council.
13. Dinkins ran successfully for Mayor of New York City. ^[69]
14. Messinger ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of New York City.
15. Fields ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of New York City.
16. Stringer ran successfully for New York City Comptroller.
17. Levine ran successfully for New York City Comptroller. His term expires on December 31, 2025.

The Bronx

No.	Borough President		Took office	Left office	Tenure	Election	Party
1		Louis F. Haffen (1854–1935) [1] [4] [6] [7]	January 1, 1898	August 29, 1909 [a]	11 years, 240 days	1897		Democratic
						1901
						1903
						1905
2		John F. Murray (1862–1928) Interim [81] [16]	August 29, 1909	December 31, 1909	124 days	App.		Democratic
3		Cyrus C. Miller (1866–1956) [16] [82]	January 1, 1910	December 31, 1913	3 years, 364 days	1909		Democratic
4		Douglas Mathewson (1870–1948) [17] [83]	January 1, 1914	December 31, 1917 [b]	3 years, 364 days	1913		Fusion (Republican)
5		Henry Bruckner (1871–1942) [19] [85] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [86]	January 1, 1918	December 31, 1933	15 years, 364 days	1917		Democratic
						1921
						1925
						1929
6		James J. Lyons (1890–1966) [35] [87] [37] [40] [43] [44] [46] [47] [48] [88]	January 1, 1934	January 2, 1962	28 years, 1 day	1933		Democratic
						1937
						1941
						1945
						1949
						1953
						1957
7		Joseph F. Periconi (1910–1994) [54] [89] [90]	January 2, 1962	December 28, 1965	3 years, 360 days	1961		Republican/Liberal/Brotherhood
8		Herman Badillo (1929–2014) [90] [91]	December 28, 1965	December 31, 1969 [c]	4 years, 3 days	1965		Democratic
9		Robert Abrams (born 1938) [63] [93] [64] [65] [66]	January 1, 1970	December 31, 1978 [d]	8 years, 364 days	1969		Democratic
						1973
						1977
Vacant			January 1, 1979	January 5, 1979
10		Stanley Simon (1930–2023) [95] [67] [68]	January 5, 1979	March 11, 1987 [e]	8 years, 65 days	App.		Democratic
						1981
						1985
–		Cecil P. Joseph (TBA–TBA) Acting [97]	March 11, 1987	April 15, 1987	35 days	–		Democratic
11		Fernando Ferrer (born 1950) [98] [99] [70] [71] [72] [73]	April 15, 1987	December 31, 2001	14 years, 260 days	App.		Democratic
						1989
						1993
						1997
12		Adolfo Carrión Jr. (born 1961) [73] [74]	January 1, 2002	February 19, 2009 [f]	7 years, 49 days	2001		Democratic
						2005
–		Earl D. Brown (TBA–TBA) Acting [101]	February 19, 2009	May 21, 2009	91 days	–		Democratic
13		Rubén Díaz Jr. (born 1973) [102] [103] [104] [105] [106] [107]	May 21, 2009	December 31, 2021	12 years, 224 days	2009 special		Democratic
						2009
						2013
						2017
14		Vanessa Gibson (born 1979) [79]	January 1, 2022	Incumbent [g]	3 years, 344 days	2021		Democratic
						2025

1. Haffen was removed by Governor Charles Evans Hughes for misconduct in office and neglect of duty. ^[80]
2. Mathewson ran successfully for a City Court judge position. ^[84]
3. Badillo ran unsuccessfully for Mayor of New York City. ^{[92] [63]}
4. Abrams resigned to become New York Attorney General. ^[94]
5. Simon resigned prior to being indicted in the Wedtech scandal. ^[96]
6. Carrión resigned to become Director of the White House Office of Urban Affairs. ^[100]
7. Gibson's second term begins on January 1, 2026, and is set to expire on December 31, 2029; she will be term-limited.

Brooklyn

See also: History of Brooklyn § Mayors of the City of Brooklyn

No.	Borough President		Took office	Left office	Tenure	Election	Party
1		Edward M. Grout (1861–1931) [1] [108] [109]	January 1, 1898	December 31, 1901	3 years, 364 days	1897		Democratic
2		J. Edward Swanstrom (1853–1911) [4] [110] [111]	January 1, 1902	December 31, 1903	1 year, 364 days	1901		Fusion (Republican)
3		Martin W. Littleton (1872–1934) [111] [112]	January 1, 1904	December 31, 1905	1 year, 364 days	1903		Democratic-Independent
4		Bird Sim Coler (1867–1941) [7] [113] [114] [115]	January 1, 1906	December 31, 1909	3 years, 364 days	1905		Municipal Ownership League
5		Alfred E. Steers (1860–1948) [16] [116]	January 1, 1910	December 31, 1913	3 years, 364 days	1909		Democratic-Independent
6		Lewis H. Pounds (1860–1947) [17] [18] [117] [19]	January 1, 1914	December 31, 1917	3 years, 364 days	1913		Fusion (Republican)
7		Edward J. Riegelmann (1869–1941) [19] [118] [27] [28]	January 1, 1918	December 31, 1924 [a]	6 years, 365 days	1917		Democratic
						1921
8		Joseph A. Guider (1870–1926) [119] [29] [30] [120]	January 1, 1925	September 22, 1926 [b]	1 year, 264 days	App.		Democratic
						1925
–		James J. Byrne (1863–1930) [121] [122] [123] [31] [124]	September 22, 1926	September 30, 1926	8 days	–		Democratic
9			September 30, 1926	March 14, 1930 [b]	3 years, 165 days	App.
						1926 special
						1929
–		Henry Hesterberg (1881–1950) Interim [125] [126] [127] [128]	March 14, 1930	April 2, 1930	19 days	–		Democratic
10			April 2, 1930	December 11, 1933 [c]	3 years, 253 days	App.
						1930 special
11		Peter A. Carey (c. 1873–1940) Interim [130] [131]	December 13, 1933	December 31, 1933	18 days	App.		Democratic
12		Raymond Ingersoll (1875–1940) [35] [132] [37] [133]	January 1, 1934	February 24, 1940 [b]	6 years, 54 days	1933		Fusion (Democratic)
						1937
–		Arthur R. Ebel (TBA–TBA) Acting [134] [135]	February 24, 1940	March 4, 1940	9 days	–		Democratic
13		John Cashmore (1895–1961) [136] [137] [40] [43] [44] [46] [47] [48] [138]	March 4, 1940	May 7, 1961 [b]	21 years, 64 days	App.		Democratic
						1940 special
						1941
						1945
						1949
						1953
						1957
–		John F. Hayes (1915–2001) Interim [138] [139]	May 7, 1961	July 6, 1961	60 days	–		Democratic
14			July 6, 1961	December 31, 1961	178 days	App.
15		Abe Stark (1894–1972) [54] [58] [63] [140]	January 1, 1962	September 8, 1970 [d]	8 years, 250 days	1961		Democratic
						1965
						1969
16		Sebastian Leone (1924–2016) Interim, then elected [142] [143] [64]	September 9, 1970	December 31, 1970	113 days	App.		Democratic
			January 1, 1971	December 31, 1976 [e]	5 years, 365 days	1970 special
						1973
17		Howard Golden (1925–2024) Interim, then elected [145] [65] [66] [67] [68] [70] [72] [73]	January 3, 1977	December 31, 1977	362 days	App.		Democratic
			January 1, 1978	December 31, 2001	24 years, 362 days	1976 special
						1977
						1981
						1985
						1989
						1993
						1997
18		Marty Markowitz (born 1945) [73] [74] [146] [147]	January 1, 2002	December 31, 2013	11 years, 364 days	2001		Democratic
						2005
						2009
19		Eric Adams (born 1960) [147] [148] [149]	January 1, 2014	December 31, 2021 [f]	7 years, 364 days	2013		Democratic
						2017
20		Antonio Reynoso (born 1983) [79]	January 1, 2022	Incumbent [g]	3 years, 344 days	2021		Democratic
						2025

1. Riegelmann resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^[119]
2. Died in office
3. Hesterberg lost the 1933 election, ^[35] then resigned two weeks before the end of his term to accept a position on the City Water Board. ^[129]
4. Stark resigned due to poor health. ^[141]
5. Leone resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^[144]
6. Adams ran successfully for Mayor of New York City.
7. Reynoso's second term begins on January 1, 2026, and is set to expire on December 31, 2029; he will be term-limited.

Queens

No.	Borough President		Took office	Left office	Tenure	Election	Party
1		Frederick Bowley (1851–1916) [1]	January 1, 1898	December 31, 1901	3 years, 364 days	1897		Democratic
2		Joseph Cassidy (c. 1866–1920) [4] [6] [7] [150]	January 1, 1902	December 31, 1905	3 years, 364 days	1901		Democratic
						1903
3		Joseph Bermel (1860–1921) [7] [150]	January 1, 1906	April 29, 1908 [a]	2 years, 119 days	1905		Democratic
4		Lawrence Gresser (1851–1935) [152] [16]	April 30, 1908	September 27, 1911 [b]	3 years, 150 days	App.		Democratic
						1909
–		Walter H. Bunn (1839–1918) Acting [154] [155]	September 27, 1911	October 4, 1911	7 days	–		Democratic
5		Maurice E. Connolly (1880–1935) [156] [17] [19] [27] [28] [29] [30] [18]	October 4, 1911	April 2, 1928 [c]	16 years, 181 days	App.		Democratic
						1913
						1917
						1921
						1925
–		Michael J. Shugrue (TBA–TBA) Acting [157]	April 2, 1928	April 18, 1928	16 days	–		Democratic
6		Bernard M. Patten (c. 1882–1963) Interim [158] [159]	April 18, 1928	December 31, 1928	257 days	App.		Democratic
7		George U. Harvey (1881–1946) [159] [160] [31] [35] [37] [40]	January 1, 1929	December 31, 1941	12 years, 364 days	1928 special		Republican
						1929
						1933
						1937
8		James A. Burke (1890–1965) [40] [161] [162] [43] [44] [163]	January 1, 1942	December 31, 1949	7 years, 364 days	1941		Democratic
						1945
9		Maurice A. FitzGerald (1897–1951) [46] [164]	January 1, 1950	August 25, 1951 [d]	1 year, 236 days	1949		Democratic
–		Joseph F. Mafera (1895–1967) Interim [165] [166]	August 25, 1951	September 5, 1951	11 days	–		Democratic
10			September 5, 1951	December 31, 1951 [e]	117 days	App.
11		James A. Lundy (c. 1906–1973) [169] [170] [171] [47] [48]	January 1, 1952	December 31, 1957	5 years, 364 days	1951 special		Republican
						1953
12		James J. Crisona (1907–2003) [48] [172]	January 1, 1958	December 31, 1958 [f]	364 days	1957		Democratic
Vacant			January 1, 1959	January 5, 1959
13		John T. Clancy (1903–1985) [174] [176]	January 5, 1959	December 31, 1962 [g]	3 years, 360 days	App.		Democratic
						1959 special
						1961
14		Mario J. Cariello (1907–1985) [178] [58]	January 2, 1963	December 31, 1968 [h]	5 years, 364 days	App.		Democratic
						1965
–		Sidney Leviss (1917–2007) [180] [63]	January 1, 1969	January 3, 1969	2 days	–		Democratic
15			January 3, 1969	September 18, 1971 [i]	2 years, 258 days	App.
						1969
16		Donald Manes (1934–1986) [183] [184] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68]	September 22, 1971	February 11, 1986 [j]	14 years, 142 days	App.		Democratic
						1971 special
						1973
						1977
						1981
						1985
–		Claire Shulman (1926–2020) [185] [187] [188] [189] [70] [72] [73]	February 11, 1986	March 12, 1986	29 days	–		Democratic
17			March 12, 1986	December 31, 2001	15 years, 294 days	App.
						1986 special
						1989
						1993
						1997
18		Helen M. Marshall (1929–2017) [73] [74] [190]	January 1, 2002	December 31, 2013	11 years, 364 days	2001		Democratic
						2005
						2009
19		Melinda Katz (born 1965) [191] [192]	January 1, 2014	December 31, 2019 [k]	5 years, 364 days	2013		Democratic
						2017
–		Sharon Lee (born TBA) Acting [193] [194] [195]	January 1, 2020	December 2, 2020	336 days	–		Democratic
20		Donovan Richards (born 1983) [196] [79] [197]	December 2, 2020	Incumbent [l]	5 years, 9 days	2020 special		Democratic
						2021
						2025

1. Bermel resigned while under investigation for corruption. ^[151]
2. Gresser was removed by Governor John Alden Dix for "inefficiency, incompetency, and neglect of duty." ^[153]
3. Connolly resigned while under investigation for official conspiracy. ^[157]
4. Died in office
5. Mafera was instead named to the City Tax Commission by Mayor Vincent R. Impellitteri. ^{[167] [168]}
6. Crisona resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^{[173] [174] [175]}
7. Clancy resigned to become a Surrogate Court judge. ^[177]
8. Cariello resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^{[179] [180]}
9. Leviss resigned to run successfully for a seat on the New York State Supreme Court. ^{[181] [182]}
10. Manes resigned during a corruption investigation ahead of his indictment. ^[185] He committed suicide a month later. ^[186]
11. Katz resigned to become Queens County District Attorney. ^{[193] [194]}
12. Richards's second term begins on January 1, 2026, and is set to expire on December 31, 2029; he will be term-limited.

Richmond/Staten Island

The Borough of Richmond was renamed the Borough of Staten Island in 1975. The county is still named Richmond County.

No.	Borough President		Took office	Left office	Tenure	Election	Party
1		George Cromwell (1860–1934) [4] [7] [16] [6]	May 24, 1898 [a]	December 31, 1913	15 years, 221 days	1897		Republican
						1901
						1903
						1905
						1909
2		Charles J. McCormack (1865–1915) [17] [200]	January 1, 1914	July 11, 1915 [b]	1 year, 191 days	1913		Democratic
–		Spire Pitou Jr. (1874–1946) Acting [201]	July 11, 1915	July 29, 1915	18 days	–		Democratic
3		Calvin D. Van Name (1857–1924) [202] [19] [203]	July 29, 1915	December 31, 1921	6 years, 155 days	App.		Democratic
						1917
4		Matthew J. Cahill (1869–1922) [27] [28] [204]	January 1, 1922	July 14, 1922 [b]	194 days	1921		Democratic
Vacant			July 14, 1922	July 18, 1922
5		John A. Lynch (1882–1954) [205] [206] [29] [30] [31] [207] [208] [209] [35]	July 18, 1922	December 31, 1933	11 years, 166 days	App.		Democratic
						1922 special
						1925
						1929
6		Joseph A. Palma (1889–1969) [35] [210] [37] [40] [211]	January 1, 1934	December 31, 1945	11 years, 364 days	1933		Republican
						1937
						1941
7		Cornelius A. Hall (1889–1953) [43] [44] [46]	January 1, 1946	February 12, 1953 [c]	7 years, 42 days	1945		Democratic
						1949
–		Thomas F. Reilly (1895–1969) Acting [212]	February 12, 1953	February 20, 1953	8 days	–		Democratic
8		Edward G. Baker (1906–1971) [214] [47]	February 20, 1953	December 31, 1954 [d]	1 year, 314 days	App.		Democratic
						1953
9		Albert V. Maniscalco (1908–1998) [216] [217] [48] [54] [58]	January 1, 1955	December 31, 1965	10 years, 364 days	App.		Democratic
						1955 special
						1957
						1961
10		Robert T. Connor (1919–2009) [58] [63] [64]	January 1, 1966	June 10, 1977 [e]	11 years, 160 days	1965		Republican
						1969
						1973
11		Anthony Gaeta (1927–1988) [218] [65] [66] [67] [219]	June 10, 1977	November 10, 1984	7 years, 153 days	App.		Democratic
						1977
						1981
12		Ralph J. Lamberti (1934–2025) [220] [68] [70]	November 10, 1984	December 31, 1989	5 years, 51 days	App.		Democratic
						1985
13		Guy Molinari (1928–2018) [70] [72] [73]	January 1, 1990	December 31, 2001	11 years, 364 days	1989		Republican
						1993
						1997
14		James Molinaro (born 1931) [74] [221] [73]	January 1, 2002	December 31, 2013	11 years, 364 days	2001		Conservative
						2005
						2009
15		James Oddo (born 1966) [222] [223] [224] [73]	January 1, 2014	December 31, 2021	7 years, 364 days	2013		Republican
						2017
16		Vito Fossella (born 1965) [79]	January 1, 2022	Incumbent [f]	3 years, 344 days	2021		Republican
						2025

1. Cromwell was elected in November 1897 but not sworn into office until May 1898 because the election results were disputed and appealed. ^{[198] [199]}
2. Died in office
3. Hall retired due to illness ^[212] and died less than a month later. ^[213]
4. Baker resigned to become a justice of the New York State Supreme Court. ^[215]
5. Connor resigned to become deputy assistant to the Secretary of the Navy. ^[218]
6. Fossella's second term begins on January 1, 2026, and is set to expire on December 31, 2029; he will be term-limited.

See also

• Borough president

References

1. "Democrats Take All — The Tammany Ticket Makes Almost a Clean Sweep of the Greater City — Only Two Republicans in the Council — Van Wyck's Plurality Is 80,316 — Seth Low Ran Nearly 40,000 Ahead of His Ticket — The Republicans Lose 21 Assemblymen and Elect Only 11 Candidates to the Board of Aldermen". The New York Times. November 4, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
2. "Augustus W. Peters Dead — President of Manhattan Borough Succumbs to Heart Disease — Found Sitting in a Chair — The Barking of a Dog Summoned His Friend Henry Chaurant to His Room in the Early Morning". The New York Times. December 30, 1898. p. 12. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
3. "New Borough President — James J. Coogan Elected to Succeed the Late A.W. Peters — His Selection a Surprise — Members of Municipal Assembly Did Not Know for Whom They Were to Vote Until the Last Minute". The New York Times. January 6, 1899. p. 12. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
4. "Victory For The Fusion Ticket — Seth Low Elected Mayor by About 33,000 Plurality — Jerome Defeats Unger — Fusion Borough Presidents Chosen in Three Boroughs — Van Wyck Left Far Behind — Contest Close for Sheriff in This County — Jerome Wins by About 15,000 — Fusion Justices Win — Democrats Carry Only Queens and Bronx". The New York Times. November 6, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
5. "Manhattan Borough's President at Work — Jacob A. Cantor Quickly Organizes His Official Staff — His Dispute With Mr. Fornes". The New York Times. January 2, 1902. p. 14. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
6. "M'Clellan — Carries the City by Over 61,000 Plurality — Tammany Controls Boards of Estimate and Aldermen — Littleton Loses in Brooklyn — Devery Gets About 3,000 Votes". The New York Times. November 1903. p. 1. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
7. "Ahearn and Haffen Won — The Only Two Borough President Tammany Elected — Cassidy Beaten". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
8. "Borough President Installed — Jacob A. Cantor Welcomes His Successor in Office and Compliments Are Exchanged". The New York Times. January 2, 1904. p. 14. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
9. "Hughes Turns Ahearn Out — "He Failed to Perform His Duty, with Reference to the Streets" — Remissness Was Flagrant — Governor Satisfied That Concern Doing Carpentry Work Was Cover for Walker — The City Was Despoiled — Attempt Will Be Made to Obtain an Injunction Which Will Retain Him in Office". The New York Times. December 10, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
10. "Ahearn Re-Elected; Hughes Not To Act — Thinks Borough President's Title to Office Should Be Tested in the Courts — Republicans Aid Tammany — Three of Them and M.O.L. Aldermen Votes for Ahearn — He Issues Statement Accusing the Mayor". The New York Times. December 20, 1907. p. 18. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
11. "Ahearn, Ruled Out, Won't Give Up Fight — Court of Appeals Holds Illegal His Re-election as Borough President After Removal — His Official Acts Valid — Hopes to Serve Remainder of His Original Term by Prolonging the Legal Battle to Oust Him". The New York Times. October 30, 1909. p. 5. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
12. "John F. Ahearn Dies at His Home Here — Among the Last of the Political Leaders of the Old Tammany Regime — Five Times State Senator — Lost Long Fight to Retain Borough Presidency After Removal by Governor Hughes" (PDF). The New York Times. December 20, 1902. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
13. "Revokes Higher Pay For City Justices — Public Opposition to $4,000 Increase Forces Estimate Board to Reverse Itself — Justice Scott Takes Blame — Urged Bigger Salary, He Says, Without His Associates' Consent — Metz Alone for It". The New York Times. November 30, 1909. p. 7. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
14. "May Hold Ahearn For Salary — J.G. Collins, REmoved, Gets a $36,000 Verdict — New Election Tuesday". The New York Times. December 11, 1909. p. 5. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
15. "Cloughen Succeeds Ahearn — Aldermanic Deadlock Broken in Time to Give Him Two Days Service". The New York Times. December 30, 1909. p. 4. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
16. "Gaynor Wins; Tammany Loses All The Rest — A Clean Sweep by Fusion of All Offices Outside of the Mayoralty — Gaynor's Plurality 72,500 — But Fusion Has Carried the Board of Estimate and with It City Control — Whitman District Attorney — Beats George Gordon Battle for the Office by About 22,000 Votes — All Patronage to Fusion — Controllership, Aldermanic Presidency, County Offices, and Supreme Court — All Gone — Borough Presidents, Too — McAneny Wins in Manhattan, Gresser Carries Queens, Miller the Bronx — And Roesch Is Beaten". The New York Times. November 3, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
17. "Tammany's Rout Made Complete in City and State — New York City Gave Mitchel a Plurality of 121,209 Over McCall — One Lone Office Saved — Wigwam May Get a Vote in the Board of Estimate from McCormack — Werner's Fate Is in Doubt — With Returns from 4 Counties Incomplete He May Have Lost Chief Judgeship — Hiscock, Associate, Wins — 29 Out of 46 Assemblymen Who Impeached Sulzer Are Beaten — Cardozo Wins in the City — Heavy Fusion Vote in the Bronx Deprives Tammany of a Supreme Court Judgeship". The New York Times. November 6, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
18. "Not One Seat In Board Of Estimate Saved to Tammany — Fusion Aldermen Also — McAneny and Prendergast In Safely With Other Fusion Borough Heads — Close in New York County — With Just a Possibility at Midnight That Murphy May Save It — Neck and Neck in Bronx — Matthewson, (Rep.,) May Have Beaten Tammany and Third Ticket Up There — Queens Easy For Connolly — Brooklyn Gave Fusion 54,808 Plurality — Republicans Carry County — Prendergast's Vote Cut". The New York Times. November 5, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
19. "A Tammany Sweep — Hylan Can Get Every Vote in the Board of Estimate — Carries Every Borough — His Vote Is 293,382, Mitchel's 148,060, and Hillquit's 138,793 — Lewis, Attorney General — Beaten in This City, but Had a Big Plurality Up-State — Hylan Promises Loyalty". The New York Times. November 7, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
20. "Frank L. Dowling Dies of Pneumonia — President of Manhattan Borough Stricken After Attack of Gall Stones a Week Ago — Long Career in Politics — Former President of Board of Aldermen Served 18 Years in That Body — Mayor Pays Tribute". The New York Times. September 28, 1919. p. 22. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
21. "May Pick Loughman for Dowling's Post — Public Works Head Reported to be Tammany Selection to Act Until Jan. 1 — Subject to Come Up Today — Both Democrats and Republicans to Have Candidates In Election for Two-Year Term". The New York Times. October 1, 1919. p. 19. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
22. "Curran Opens fight on Tammany Boss — Denounces Methods of Opposition in Accepting Nomination for Dowling's Post — Dr. Butler Joins Campaign — Mrs. Jean Norris Places Borough President Boyle in Nomination at Tammany Hall". The New York Times. October 17, 1919. p. 15. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
23. "Boyle Quits Borough Job — Resigns as Manhattan President to Go to State Industrial Commission". The New York Times. November 18, 1919. p. 12. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
24. "Curran Appoints Eleven to Office — President-Elect of Borough of Manhattan Says Experience and Ability Will Be the Test — Fay For Public Works — Amos Schaeffer Retained as Consulting Engineer — Maimed Veteran Gets Minor Job". The New York Times. December 30, 1919. p. 3. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
25. "La Guardia Wins by 1,530 — Beats Moran for President of Board of Aldermen in a Close Contest — Koenig Ordered Vigilance — Warned Republican Chairmen to Stay by the Ballot Boxes and Scrutinize Count — Curran Defeats Boyle — Five Republican Votes in Board of Estimate Assured — Clean Cut Result in Supreme Court". The New York Times. November 5, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
26. "Curran Sworn In, LaGuardia Also — Borough President and Head of Aldermen Silent on Public Issues — Two Resignations Asked — Curran Pays Tribute to the Late Frank L. Dowling — Says Fairer Man Never Lived". The New York Times. January 2, 1920. p. 8. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
27. "Borough Presidents". The New York Times. November 9, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
28. "The City Vote — Hylan's Plurality 417,986 — Craig's 249,252 — Banton's 83,680". The New York Times. November 10, 1921. p. 4. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
29. "Supreme Court Justices, District Attorneys, City Court Justice, Kings Surrogate — Officials Elected". The New York Times. November 4, 1925. p. 3. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
30. "Final Returns Add to Tammany Sweep — All but Three of 63 Candidates for Aldermen, and 56 for Assembly Are Elected — Walker Wins by 401,581 — Banton's Plurality 105,421 — Wigwam Captures 10th District — Connolly Issues Statement". The New York Times. November 5, 1925. p. 2. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
31. "Controller, Aldermanic President and Borough Presidents Elected". The New York Times. November 6, 1929. p. 2. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
32. "Greet Brooklyn Officials — Borough President Riegelmann and Others Are Now in Office". The New York Times. January 2, 1918. p. 3. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
33. "Miller Resigns to Become Judge — Borough President Bids Farewell to Staff and Will Take Up New Duties Monday — Launched Many Projects — Occupied Office for Nine Years — Herrick Is Leading Candidate for the Place". The New York Times. January 1, 1931. p. 18. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
34. "Levy is Elected Borough President — Educator, Choice of Walker and Curry, Gets All of the 19 Democratic Ballots — Also a Republican Vote — Sworn In by Justice Miller Under New Oath That He Did Not Buy Office — Thanks Party for Honor — Serves Until Next December — Goes to Municipal Building and Greets Aides". The New York Times. January 17, 1931. p. 3. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
35. Hagerty, James A. (November 8, 1933). "M'Kee Runs Second — Loses Even Bronx Smashing Blow To Farley — LaGuardia by 254,506 — Carries Every Borough, Sweeping in His Chief Running-Mates — Tammany Forces Routed — O'Brien Loses Manhattan by 5,895 — Levy Victor, Dodge Wins, Prial Loses — Pecora, Straus Defeated — Fusion Victory is First in 20 Years — Vote Cast is Biggest in City Election". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
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37. Hagerty, James A. (November 3, 1937). "Dewey Lead 108,823 — Ingersoll, Harvey, Lyons, Isaacs and Palma Are Victorious — Justice Levy Wins — Strong Tammany Chiefs Lose Districts — Foley is Re-Elected". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
38. "New Fusion Rule Starts in City; Many Jobs Filled — Bureau Heads Stay — La Guardia Is the First Reform Mayor to Be Re-elected — Kracke Heads Assessors — Finegan is Made a Magistrate, MacInnes Deputy Treasurer — McGoldrick Sworn In". The New York Times. January 2, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
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41. "Nathan Prominent Lawyer — Partner in Firm Once Headed by Cardozo, His Cousin". The New York Times. November 5, 1941. p. 14. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
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44. "New Borough Head Served in 2 Wars — Captain Hugo E. Rogers, Lawyer and Engineer, Never Made a Speech in Campaign". The New York Times. November 7, 1945. p. 5. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
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