List of chancellors of Austria

Last updated

Karl Renner 1905.jpg
Engelbert Dollfuss.png
Bruno Kreisky (cropped).jpg
Sebastian Kurz (2018-02-28) (cropped).jpg
Clockwise from top left:
  • Renner was the first chancellor of German-Austria, the First Republic, and the Second Republic.
  • Dollfuss turned the First Republic into a dictatorship.
  • For most of his incumbency, Kurz was the world's youngest head of government.
  • Kreisky is considered perhaps Austria's most successful Socialist leader. [1]

The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of Austria, appointed by the president and viewed as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice-chancellor and the ministers. [2]

Contents

Following World War I, the office was established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 and named state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allied powers denied German-Austria to merge with the Weimar Republic, [3] the country formed the federal First Austrian Republic and the office was renamed from state chancellor to federal chancellor. The first federal chancellor was Michael Mayr. There have been ten chancellors who served under the First Republic until Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss created the authoritarian and dictatorial Federal State of Austria. [4] Following Dollfuss's assassination by Austrian National Socialists, [5] Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him as chancellor and upheld the dictatorship. [6] Schuschnigg was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, a Nazi caretaker who held the office for two days, until Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany. [7]

Austria under National Socialism lost its original republican system of government and was administered by Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1938–1939), Reich Commissioner Josef Bürckel [8] (1939–1940) and Reichsstatthalter Baldur von Schirach [9] (1940–1945). In 1940, the country was renamed Ostmark, completely lost its autonomy, and became a sub-national division of Nazi Germany. [10] [11] After the liberation of Vienna and the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945, Austria restored its republican form of government. [12] However, Austria remained under allied occupation until 1955 [13] and thus the country's sovereignty was ultimately still held by the Allied Control Council.

Since the institution of the republic, the People's Party and the Social Democratic Party have largely dominated Austrian politics; the People's Party (and its predecessor, the Christian Social Party) have led nineteen cabinets and served as a junior partner in eight, while the Social Democratic Party (formerly the Social Democratic Workers' Party) has led eleven and served as a junior partner in five. There have been seven parties that never held the chancellorship but participated in coalition cabinets: the Greater German People's Party in five, the Freedom Party and the Landbund in four, the Fatherland Front in two, and the Greens, the Alliance for the Future and the Communist Party in one.

Following a legislative election or in the case of a vacancy, the president conventionally picks the leader of the largest party in Parliament to serve as chancellor, and appoints the remaining members of the Cabinet based on the chancellor's recommendation. If a sitting chancellor dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to exercise the powers and duties of the office, the vice-chancellor becomes acting chancellor. If the vice-chancellor is unavailable, the other members of the Cabinet take over in order of seniority. [14]

Bruno Kreisky was the longest-serving chancellor, with more than thirteen years in office, while Arthur Seyss-Inquart was the shortest-serving chancellor, with two days in office, and Walter Breisky was the shortest-serving acting chancellor, with only one day in office.

Chancellors

 Acting chancellors
Key to parties
   Austrian People's Party / Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP)
  •   1891–1934: Christian Social Party / Christlichsoziale Partei (CS)
  •   2017–present: New People's Party / Neue Volkspartei
   Social Democratic Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ)
  •   1889–1934: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ)
   Freedom Party of Austria / Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ)
   Alliance for the Future of Austria / Bündnis Zukunft Österreich (BZÖ)
   Communist Party of Austria / Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ)
   The Greens / die Grünen
Key to historical parties
  1920–1934: Greater German People's Party / Großdeutsche Volkspartei (GDVP)
  1922–1934: Rural Federation / Landbund (LBd)
  1920–1936: Homeland Guard / Heimwehr
  1933–1938: Fatherland Front / Vaterländische Front (VF)
  1920–1945: National Socialist German Worker's Party / Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)
First Republic (1918–1938)
#PartyPortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeElectionCabinet
coalition
Ref. and notes
1 SDAPÖ Karl Renner 1905.jpg Karl Renner
(1870–1950)
30 October 19187 July 19201 year, 251 days 1919 Renner IIIIII
SDAPÖ CS GDVP
[15] [16] [17]
[lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 2]
2 CS Michael Mayr.jpg Michael Mayr
(1864–1922)
7 July 192021 June 1921349 days 1920 Mayr III
CS SDAPÖ
[18]
[lower-alpha 3]
3 IND Schober.png Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)
21 June 192126 January 1922344 days Schober I
CS GDVP Technocrats
[19]
4 CS Walter Breisky (1871-1944) 1927 (c) Georg Fayer (1892-1950) OeNB 10449491.jpg Walter Breisky
(1871–1944)
26 January 192227 January 19221 day Breisky
CS GDVP
[20]
5 IND Schober.png Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)
27 January 192231 May 1922124 days Schober II
CS GDVP Technocrats
[21]
6 CS Wenzl Weis - Ignaz Seipel.jpg Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932)
31 May 192220 November 19242 years, 173 days 1923 Seipel IIIIII
CS GDVP Technocrats
[22]
7 CS Rudolf Ramek Svenska Dagbladets arsbok 1924.png Rudolf Ramek
(1881–1941)
20 November 192420 October 19261 year, 334 days Ramek III
CS GDVP
[23]
8 CS Wenzl Weis - Ignaz Seipel.jpg Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932)
20 October 19264 May 19292 years, 196 days 1927 Seipel IVV
CS GDVP LBd
[ citation needed ]
9 CS Streeruwitz (table crop).jpg Ernst Streeruwitz
(1874–1952)
4 May 192926 September 1929145 days Streeruwitz
CS LBd
[24]
10 IND Arthur von Ferraris - Portrait Bundeskanzler Dr. Johann Schober, 1931.jpg Johannes Schober
(1874–1932)
26 September 192930 September 19301 year, 4 days Schober III
CS
[ citation needed ]
11 CS Carl Vaugoin.jpg Carl Vaugoin
(1873–1949)
30 September 19304 December 193065 days Vaugoin
CS
[25]
12 CS OttoEnder1929.jpg Otto Ender
(1875–1960)
4 December 193020 June 1931198 days 1930 Ender
CS
[26]
13 CS Buresch, Karl, Chancellor of Austria, Agence Mondial, BNF Gallica.jpg Karl Buresch
(1878–1936)
20 June 193120 May 1932335 days Buresch III
CS LBd
[27]
14 CS TomvonDregerDollfuss.jpg Engelbert Dollfuss
(1892–1934)
20 May 1932 25 July 19342 years, 66 days Dollfuss I
CS LBd Heimwehr
20 May 1932 – 1 May 1934

Dollfuss II
VF
1 May 1934 – 25 July 1934
[28]
VF
15 VF KurtVonSchuschnigg1936-3.jpg Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977)
25 July 193429 July 19344 days Dollfuss II
VF
[29]
29 July 193411 March 19383 years, 225 days Schuschnigg IIIIIIIVV
VF
16 NSDAP Arthur Seyss-Inquart (cropped).jpg Arthur Seyss-Inquart
(1892–1946)
11 March 193813 March 19382 days Seyss-Inquart
NSDAP
[30] [31]
17 SPÖ Karl Renner 1920 by Theodor Bauer.jpg Karl Renner
(1870–1950)
27 April 194520 December 1945237 days Renner IV
SPÖ ÖVP KPÖ
[32] [33] [34]
[lower-alpha 4]
18 ÖVP Figl leopold 01b.jpg Leopold Figl
(1902–1965)
20 December 19452 April 19537 years, 103 days 1945 Figl IIIIII
ÖVP SPÖ
[35]
1949
19 ÖVP Julius-Raab-1961.jpg Julius Raab
(1891–1964)
2 April 195311 April 19618 years, 9 days 1953 Raab IIIIIIIV
ÖVP SPÖ
[36]
1956
1959
20 ÖVP Alfons Gorbach 1965.jpg Alfons Gorbach
(1898–1972)
11 April 19612 April 19642 years, 357 days 1962 Gorbach III
ÖVP SPÖ
[37]
21 ÖVP Josef Klaus 1964.jpg Josef Klaus
(1910–2001)
2 April 196421 April 19706 years, 19 days Klaus I
ÖVP SPÖ
[38]
1966 Klaus II
ÖVP
22 SPÖ Bruno Kreisky (cropped).jpg Bruno Kreisky
(1911–1990)
21 April 197024 May 198313 years, 33 days 1970 Kreisky IIIIIIIV
SPÖ
[39]
1971
1975
1979
23 SPÖ Fred Sinowatz.jpg Fred Sinowatz
(1929–2008)
24 May 198316 June 19863 years, 23 days 1983 Sinowatz
SPÖ FPÖ
[40]
24 SPÖ SPO Presse und Kommunikation 52 (7534272276) (cropped).jpg Franz Vranitzky
(born 1937)
16 June 198628 January 199710 years, 226 days 1986 Vranitzky III
SPÖ FPÖ
[41]
1990 Vranitzky IIIIVV
SPÖ ÖVP
1994
1995
25 SPÖ Bundeskanzler Viktor Klima (cropped).JPG Viktor Klima
(born 1947)
28 January 19974 February 20003 years, 7 days Klima
SPÖ ÖVP
[42]
26 ÖVP W Schuessel7.jpg Wolfgang Schüssel
(born 1945)
4 February 200011 January 20076 years, 341 days 1999 Schüssel I
ÖVP FPÖ
4 February 2000 – 3 April 2005

Schüssel II
ÖVP BZÖ
3 April 2005 – 11 January 2007
[43]
2002
27 SPÖ Alfred Gusenbauer 26.10.2008 (cropped).jpg Alfred Gusenbauer
(born 1960)
11 January 20072 December 20081 year, 326 days 2006 Gusenbauer
SPÖ ÖVP
[44]
28 SPÖ Portrait Werner Faymann (2722260630).jpg Werner Faymann
(born 1960)
2 December 20089 May 20167 years, 159 days 2008 Faymann III
SPÖ ÖVP
[45]
2013
ÖVP Embraer Taufe - Cristening (Cropped).jpg Reinhold Mitterlehner
(born 1955)
9 May 201617 May 20168 days Faymann II
SPÖ ÖVP
[46] [47]
29 SPÖ Christian Kern 2016 (portrait).jpg Christian Kern
(born 1966)
17 May 201618 December 20171 year, 215 days Kern
SPÖ ÖVP
[48]
30 ÖVP Sebastian Kurz (2018-02-28) (cropped).jpg Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986)
18 December 201728 May 20191 year, 161 days 2017 Kurz I
ÖVP FPÖ
18 December 2017 – 22 May 2019

ÖVP
22 May 2019 – 28 May 2019
[49]
ÖVP 2017 Finanzminister Hartwig Loger (39136614571) (cropped).jpg Hartwig Löger
(born 1965)
28 May 20193 June 20196 days Kurz I
ÖVP
[50] [51]
31 IND Brigitte Bierlein 2018 (portrait crop).jpg Brigitte Bierlein
(born 1949)
3 June 20197 January 2020218 days Bierlein
Technocrats
[52] [53]
32 ÖVP Sebastian Kurz (2018-02-28) (cropped).jpg Sebastian Kurz
(born 1986)
7 January 202011 October 20211 year, 277 days 2019 Kurz II
ÖVP Greens
[54]
33 ÖVP Alexander Schallenberg (51029203647).jpg Alexander Schallenberg
(born 1969)
11 October 20216 December 202156 days Schallenberg
ÖVP Greens
[55]
34 ÖVP 2020 Karl Nehammer Ministerrat am 8.1.2020 (49351366976) (cropped) (cropped).jpg Karl Nehammer
(born 1972)
6 December 2021Incumbent2 years, 70 days Nehammer
ÖVP Greens
[56]

Timeline

Karl NehammerAlexander SchallenbergBrigitte BierleinSebastian KurzChristian KernWerner FaymannAlfred GusenbauerWolfgang SchüsselViktor KilmaFranz VranitzkyFred SinowatzBruno KreiskyJosef KlausAlfons GorbachJulius RaabLeopold FiglArthur Seyss-InquartKurt SchuschniggEngelbert DollfussKarl BureschOtto EnderCarl VaugoinErnst StreeruwitzRudolf RamekIgnaz SeipelWalter BreiskyJohannes SchoberMichael MayrKarl RennerList of chancellors of Austria

See also

Notes

  1. Renner initially served as State Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria until 21 October 1919, and thereafter as State Chancellor of the Republic of Austria.
  2. The chancellor is appointed by the president of Austria. However, since the office of president was only established in 1920, Renner was instead appointed by the State Council.
  3. Office renamed from "State Chancellor" to "Federal Chancellor" on 10 November 1920.
  4. After the Red Army freed Vienna from the Nazi Regime, Renner formed a cabinet under Soviet rule. The cabinet was accepted by the Soviets on 27 April 1945 and recognized by all states of Austria as well as the Allied Control Council in September 1945.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Engelbert Dollfuss</span> Chancellor of Austria from 1932 to 1934

Engelbert Dollfuß was an Austrian Fatherland Front politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. In early 1933, the so called "Selbstausschaltung des Parlaments" happened, which made the Austrian parliament unable to govern. Suppressing the Socialist movement in February 1934 during the Austrian Civil War and later banning the Austrian Nazi Party, he cemented the rule of authoritarian conservatism through the First of May Constitution. Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents in 1934. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg maintained the regime until Adolf Hitler's Anschluss in 1938.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julius Raab</span> Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</span> Austrian Nazi politician (1892–1946)

Arthur Seyss-Inquart was an Austrian Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria in 1938 for two days before the Anschluss. His positions in Nazi Germany included "deputy governor to Hans Frank in the General Government of Occupied Poland, and Reich commissioner for the German-occupied Netherlands" including shared responsibility "for the deportation of Dutch Jews and the shooting of hostages".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurt Schuschnigg</span> Chancellor of Austria from 1934 to 1938

Kurt Alois Josef Johann von Schuschnigg was an Austrian politician who was the Chancellor of the Federal State of Austria from the 1934 assassination of his predecessor Engelbert Dollfuss until the 1938 Anschluss with Nazi Germany. Although Schuschnigg considered Austria a "German state" and Austrians to be Germans, he was strongly opposed to Adolf Hitler's goal to absorb Austria into the Third Reich and wished for it to remain independent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ORF (broadcaster)</span> Austrian national public broadcaster

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adolf Schärf</span> President of Austria from 1957 to 1965

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Miklas</span> President of Austria from 1928 to 1938

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guido Schmidt</span> Austrian diplomat and politician

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Austria</span> National government of Austria

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fatherland Front (Austria)</span> Political party in Austria

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Austria–Germany relations</span> Bilateral relations

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<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Anschluss</i></span> 1938 annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal State of Austria</span> Period of the First Austrian Republic under one-party austrofascist dictatorship (1934–1938)

The Federal State of Austria was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative, nationalist, and corporatist Fatherland Front. The Ständestaat concept, derived from the notion of Stände, was advocated by leading regime politicians such as Engelbert Dollfuss and Kurt Schuschnigg. The result was an authoritarian government based on a mix of Italian Fascist and conservative Catholic influences.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chancellery (Austria)</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sebastian Kurz</span> Chancellor of Austria (2017–2019, 2020–2021)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament</span> 1933 constitutional crisis within the First Austrian Republic

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Markus Gstöttner is an Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). He is local councillor, member of the Vienna State Parliament and former head of cabinet of Federal Chancellor Karl Nehammer. Previously, he was deputy head of cabinet of Chancellor Sebastian Kurz in the federal government Kurz I, in the federal government Kurz II and under Chancellor Alexander Schallenberg.

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