List of communist parties in Nepal

Last updated

The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.

Contents

Active parties

National parties

Political partyLeaderFounded Federal Parliament Provincial Assemblies Local governmentNotes
Pratinidhi Sabha Rastriya Sabha
Communist Party of Nepal (UML) [1] Khadga Prasad Oli 1991
78 / 275
17 / 59
161 / 550
11,929 / 35,097
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) [1] Pushpa Kamal Dahal 1994
32 / 275
16 / 59
83 / 550
5,045 / 35,097

Other parliamentary parties

NameLeaderFounded Federal Parliament Provincial Assemblies Local governmentNotes
Pratinidhi Sabha Rastriya Sabha
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) Madhav Kumar Nepal 2021
10 / 275
8 / 59
24 / 550
987 / 35,097
Split from CPN (UML)
Rastriya Janamorcha [2] Chitra Bahadur K.C. 2006
1 / 275
1 / 59
1 / 550
159 / 35,097
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party [3] Narayan Man Bijukchhe 1975
1 / 275
3 / 550
85 / 35,057
  • Split from the CPN (Pushpa Lal)
  • Originally founded as Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

Minor parties

NameLeaderNotes
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) [4] Chandra Prakash Mainali Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) [5] Mohan Baidya Split from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal [6] Rishi Ram KattelFormed through a merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), the Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), the Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist)Bishnu Raj Aryal
Nepal Communist Party Netra Bikram Chand [7] Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)

Not registered with the Election Commission of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) Durga Prasad Gyawali
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) Mohan Bikram Singh [8] [9] Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) [10] Gopal Kirati Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
Patriotic People's Republican Front [10] Chandra Prakash Gajurel Electoral front of Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) [11]
Communist Party of Nepal (United)Chandra Dev JoshiSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (United)
Scientific Socialist Communist Party NepalBishwabhakta DulalSplit from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) [12]
Communist Party of Nepal (Bolshevik)
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpalal)

Defunct parties

NameFoundation YearDissolution YearNotes
Communist League 1946
Communist Party of Nepal 19491962Split into Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)
Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) 1962

1992

1991

1994

Split from Communist Party of Nepal

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) 1962

1992

1991

2001

Split from Communist Party of Nepal

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)

Renamed in 1983 as Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) in 1992 to refound the party

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) 19681987Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)

Nepal Revolutionary Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) 19731975Founded All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) 19741990Split from Central Nucleus

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Proletarian Revolutionary Organisation, Nepal 19741978Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Originally formed as Communist Unity Contact Forum Nepal

Renamed to Proletarian Revolutionary Organization, Nepal in 1976

Merged into Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist–Leninist) 19751978Founded from Nepal Revolutionary Organization (Marxist-Leninist)

Founded Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Mukti Morcha Samuha 19761977Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) 19781991Founded from All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) 19791991Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Raymajhi)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Manandhar)

Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) in 1991

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Burma) and Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) 19791986Split from Central Nucleus

Originally formed as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Conference)

Renamed to Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) in 1982

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist)

Rebel Unity Centre 19801981Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Proletarian Communist League 19801983Split from Ati Gopyatabadi Group

Formed Proletarian Workers Organization with a splinter group of Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) 19812005Originally founded as Nepal Marxist-Leninist Party

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)

Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma) 19811981Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation
Nepal Front1981Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization (Hareram Sharma)
Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (D.P. Singh) 19811986Split from Nepal Workers and Peasants Organisation (Hareram Sharma)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Matri Samuha) 19831984Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Burma)
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) 19832001Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)

Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) 19841991Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) 19861991Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) and Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre) 19912001Founded through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) 19912005Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (15 September 1949)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (United) 19912005Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Burma), Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya) and Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) 19912018Founded through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) to form Nepal Communist Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) 19942018Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Originally founded as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Renamed in 2008 as Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Renamed in 2016 as Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) to form Nepal Communist Party

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) 19982002Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) 19992009Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Masal)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (Malema) 19992005Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre–Masal) 20022009Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Centre) 20052007Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal (Malema)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) 20052013Formed through merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and Communist Party of Nepal (United)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal 20062006Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) 20072013Formed through merger of splinter groups of Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Centre)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist-Leninist (Socialist), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (United) 20072017Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Revolutionary Left Wing 2008Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)20092016Split from Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Merged with Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to form Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Socialist) 20102013Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Merged with Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Birodhi Marxist-Leninist and Independent Thought Group to form Communist Party of Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) 20132017
Nepal Communist Party 20192021Formed through merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre)
Barre Sangarsh Samuha Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)

Central Nucleus
Communist Party of Nepal (Janamukhi)
Independent Thought Group
Marxist Communist Party of Nepal
Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Communist Party
Nepal Communist League Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan)

Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)

Nepal Red Communist Party Split from Communist League
Nepal Samyabadi Dal
Rebel Marxist–Leninist
Revolutionary Communist Organisation, Nepal 1980Merged into Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist)
Revolutionary Communist Organising Committee 1978Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)
Sandesh Samuha 1978Merged into All Nepal Communist Revolutionary Coordination Committee (Marxist-Leninist)

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) (2006)</span> Political party in Nepal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Socialist Party, Nepal</span> Political party in Nepal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Nepalese general election</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)</span> Political party in Nepal

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal</span> Social democratic party in Nepal

The Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal, is the sixth largest political party in Nepal. The party was officially registered at Election Commission, Nepal on 18 August 2021. Mahantha Thakur is the president of the new party. The party was formed after split in PSP-N to join KP Oli led government. Currently, the party stands as the fourth largest party of Madhesh province after Nepali Congress, CPN (UML) and Janata Samajbadi respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 split in Nepalese communist parties</span>

At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) revived the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal.

This is a chronological timeline of events that are centered around the politics of Nepal after its unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah.

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  10. 1 2 "Fringe communist parties launch a movement against the ruling Nepal Communist Party, calling them 'fascists'". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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