The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.
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The Communist Party of Nepal is a name used by a number of Nepalese political parties claiming allegiance to communism. Most trace their roots back to the original Communist Party of Nepal formed in 1949.
| Political party | Leader | Founded | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | ||||||
| Communist Party of Nepal (UML) [1] | Khadga Prasad Oli | 1991 | 78 / 275 | 17 / 59 | 161 / 550 | 11,929 / 35,097 |
|
| Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) [1] | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 1994 | 32 / 275 | 16 / 59 | 83 / 550 | 5,045 / 35,097 |
|
| Name | Leader | Founded | Federal Parliament | Provincial Assemblies | Local government | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | ||||||
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 2021 | 10 / 275 | 8 / 59 | 24 / 550 | 987 / 35,097 | Split from CPN (UML) |
| Rastriya Janamorcha [2] | Chitra Bahadur K.C. | 2006 | 1 / 275 | 1 / 59 | 1 / 550 | 159 / 35,097 |
|
| Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party [3] | Narayan Man Bijukchhe | 1975 | 1 / 275 | 3 / 550 | 85 / 35,057 |
| |
| Name | Leader | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) [4] | Chandra Prakash Mainali | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) [5] | Mohan Baidya | Split from the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal [6] | Rishi kattel | Formed through a merger of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), the Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist), the Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist) | Bishnu Raj Aryal | |
| Nepal Communist Party | Netra Bikram Chand [7] | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) Not registered with the Election Commission of Nepal |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) | Ambika Prasad Baidya | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) | Mohan Bikram Singh [8] [9] | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) [10] | Gopal Kirati | Split from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) |
| Patriotic People's Republican Front, Nepal [10] | Chandra Prakash Gajurel | Electoral front of Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) [11] |
| Communist Party of Nepal (United) | Chandra Dev Joshi | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (United) |
| Scientific Socialist Communist Party, Nepal | Bishwabhakta Dulal | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) [12] |
| Communist Party of Nepal Nationalist | Min Nath Devkota | |
| Maoist Communist Party, Nepal | Ram Narayan Prasad Pal | |
| Communist Party of Nepal Marxist (Pushpalal) | Man Dhoj Gurung | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) | Sudeep Ruwali | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Socialist) | Raju Karki | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Gauravshali) | Bhaviswor Parajuli | |
| Communist Party of Nepal Maoist Socialist | Karna Jeet Bhudhathoki | |
| Communist Party of Nepal Unity National Campaign | Bamdev Gautam | Split from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Bolshevik) |
The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.
The Nepali Congress is a social democratic political party in Nepal and the largest party in the country. The party has 870,106 members as of the party's 14th general convention in December 2021, making it the largest party by membership in Nepal. In June 2023, the party started online membership since the emergence of youth leaders in vital posts to attract youths to the party. The party is led by former prime minister, Sher Bahadur Deuba since the party's thirteenth general convention in 2016. The party won 89 seats in the 2022 general election and is currently the largest parliamentary group in the House of Representatives.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre) or CPN (MC), is the third largest political party in Nepal and a member party of Samajbadi Morcha. It was founded in 1994 after breaking away from the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre). The party launched an armed struggle in 1996 against the Nepalese government. In 2006, the party formally joined mainstream politics after signing a peace agreement following the 2006 Nepalese revolution.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी), romanized: nēpāl kamyuniṣṭ pārṭī (ēkīkṛt mārksavādī-lēninavādī); abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal. The party emerged as one of the major parties in Nepal after the end of the Panchayat era.
The Communist Party of Nepal , abbreviated CPN (UC–M) was an underground communist party in Nepal. The CPN (UC–M) was formed in 2002 through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal and Communist Party of Nepal (Masal).
The Nepal Workers Peasants Party (NWPP), also known as the Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party and the Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party, is a communist political party in Nepal. The party was founded on 23 January 1975 by Narayan Man Bijukchhe and draws most of its support from Bhaktapur. The party is sympathetic to the Workers' Party of Korea and has declared Juche to be a "directional ideology".
Madhav Kumar Nepal, is a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister of Nepal. He served as prime minister from 32 May 2009 to 6 February 2011.
Janamorcha Nepal was founded in 2002 as the mass organisation and electoral front of the Communist Party of Nepal. It was formed following the merger between the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) when their respective fronts Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal and the Rashtriya Jana Morcha joined together on 10 July 2002.
Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (मसाल)), initially known as Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal) (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकताकेन्द्र–मसाल)), is an underground communist party in Nepal, which emerged in 2006 through a split in Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal). In March 2007, the party held a 7th Party Congress (counting the congresses of Communist Party of Nepal, Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention), Communist Party of Nepal (Masal) and CPN(UC-M) as theirs). The congress reelected Mohan Bikram Singh as general secretary. Moreover, the congress removed 'Unity Centre' from the party name.
The Nepal Communist Party, abbreviated NCP is a defunct communist party which existed in Nepal from 2018 to 2021. It was founded on 17 May 2018, from the unification of two leftist parties, Communist Party of Nepal and Communist Party of Nepal. The unification was completed by the Party Unification Coordination Committee, after eight months of negotiation. The two predecessor parties subsequently dissolved, making way for the new united party. The party retained the electoral symbol of the CPN (UML), the sun.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (क्रान्तिकारी माओवादी)), abbreviated CPN (RM), was a communist party in Nepal. It was founded in June 2012 by the then vice-chairman of Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Mohan Baidya after splitting from the party.
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, commonly known as K. P. Sharma Oli or simply K.P. Oli, is a Nepalese politician who is serving as the prime minister of Nepal since 15 July 2024.
The Communist Party of Nepal is a political party in Nepal founded in April 2013. The party was formed through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified), Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi), Communist Party of Nepal, Marxist Communist Party of Nepal, Bidrohi ML and the Independent Thought Group. Rishi Kattel is the chairman of the party. Jagat Bahadur Bogati and Lok Narayan Subedi serve as co-chairs of the party, whilst Haridev Gyawali, Ram Bahadur Bhandari and Tanka Rai serve as vice-chairs.
The Second Oli cabinet, also known as the Oli cabinet, 2018, was the Government of Nepal from 15 February 2018 to 13 July 2021. It initially formed as a majority coalition on 15 February 2018, after Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli was elected as the new Prime Minister of Nepal following the 2017 general election. Oli's candidacy was supported by the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal. He assumed his office with two ministers and the remaining ministers were added at later points. The CPN withdrew its support from the government in May 2021, reducing it to a minority, and after the dissolution of the House of Representatives, it turned into an interim government. The cabinet was replaced by the fifth Deuba cabinet, formed after the Supreme Court ordered the appointment of Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister under Article 76 (5) of the Constitution of Nepal.
General elections were held in Nepal on 20 November 2022 to elect the 275 members of the House of Representatives. There were two ballots in the election; one to elect 165 members from single-member constituencies via FPTP, and the other to elect the remaining 110 members from a single nation-wide constituency via party-list proportional representation.
The Scientific Socialist Communist Party, Nepal is a political party in Nepal. The party was founded on 5 May 2018, the 200th birth centenary of Karl Marx. The party founder Aahuti had previously been a leader of Janamorcha Nepal and later the Communist Party of Nepal, and had rebelled against the unity process of CPN(Maoist Centre) with the CPN(UML) in late 2017. Ahuti formed a 51-member 'Ideological, Political and Organizational Mobilization Committee-2075' for building the new party. Balaram Timilsina, Rajeshwari Subedi, Jagrat Rayamajhi and Dhruv Parajuli were some of the former Maoist leaders that joined Ahuti's party building effort.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत-समाजवादी), romanized: Nēpāla kamyuniṣṭa pārṭī (Ēkīkr̥ta-Samājavādī)), abbreviated as CPN (Unified Socialist) is a political party in Nepal led by former Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal. As of July 2023, the party leads Socialist Front and is an important ally in the governing coalition.
At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) revived the Communist Party of Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal.
This is a chronological timeline of events that are centered around the politics of Nepal after its unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah.
The Socialist Front is a political alliance of leftist political parties in Nepal. It was formed in 2023 by the CPN, CPN, the People's Socialist Party, Nepal and the Communist Party of Nepal led by Biplav.
