The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.
Madheshi people is a term used for several groups of people living in the Terai region of Nepal, literally meaning the people of Madhesh. It has also been used as a political pejorative term by the Pahari people of Nepal to refer to non-pahari people with a non-Nepali language as their mother tongue, regardless of their place of birth or residence. The term Madheshi became a widely recognised name for Nepali citizens with an Indian cultural background only after 1990. Madheshi people comprise various cultural groups such as Hindu caste groups, Muslims, Marwaris, Brahmin and Dalit caste groups, ethnic groups like Maithils, Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Bajjika speaking people and indigenous people of the Terai. Many of these groups share cultural traditions, educational and family ties with people living south of the international border in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Tharu people and Pahari people living in the Terai do not consider themselves as Madheshi. In recent times, some politicians and journalists use the term for all Nepali citizens of the Terai.
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 10 April 2008, having been postponed from earlier dates of 7 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Constituent Assembly was planned to draft a new constitution and therefore decide, amongst other things, on the issue of federalism. The number of eligible voters was around 17.5 million. The Constituent Assembly was originally set to have a term of two years.
The Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party was a political party in Nepal, formed by former Minister and Nepali Congress national treasurer Mahantha Thakur. This party was once the biggest Madhesh based party with a strong base in Terai region of Nepal. The foundation of the party was announced on December 27, 2007. This party was made by Thakur with a popular slogan "Mare to Mukti, jiye to Madhesh" meaning if I will live, I will fight for Madhesh and if I will get salvation. This was very popular and is popular till date. The party had four members in the interim parliament including Thakur.
The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (MJFN), or the Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal, was a political party in Nepal. It was initially not a political party as such but a political advocacy movement demanding ethnic self-determination rights with the formation of a Madhes autonomous region for Teraibasi people, an election system based on proportional representation, and the setting-up of a federal republic in Nepal. The MJFN includes former leaders of other political parties like the Nepali Congress and CPN (UML).
Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) is a political party in Nepal. The party was formed in March 2003 by Anandidevi Singh in March 2003, after the Nepal Sadbhavana Party chairman Badri Prasad Mandal had joined the government installed by King Gyanendra. After the NSP(A) was founded, a Central Working Committee consisting of Durba Prasad Rajbanshi, Kushi Lal Mandal, Gauri Prasad Singh, Bhogendra Thakur, Madhav Prasad Yadav, Dev Narayan Yadav, Renu Yadav, Bishwonath Shah, Ramnarayan Raya, Kritram Pandit, Jaya Narayan Chaurasiya, Govinda Chaudhary, Govinda Tharu, Kasim Ali Siddique and Anil Kumar Jha was elected.
Rajendra Mahato is a Nepalese politician, who was serving as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Urban Development since 4 June 2021 but was removed from the post by Supreme Court on 22 June 2021 making the tenure of just 18 days and shortest till date. He was the parliamentary party leader of the People's Socialist Party, Nepal, although the status matter of conflict within the party. Though weak today due to continuous party change, he once was a well known leader of Terai-Madhesh based political alliance.
United Democratic Madhesi Front was a political alliance of Madhesh-based political parties in Nepal created for the Madhes Movement. It was formed in 2008 by Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, Nepal Sadbhavana Party and Terai Madhes Loktantrik Party.
Hridayesh Tripathi is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the People's Progressive Party. He's also the current chairman of the party.
The Nepal Sadbhavana Party was an political party in Nepal that worked for rights of the Madhesi people and discriminated communities and groups of Nepal.
The Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party Nepal was a political party in Nepal. It was led by Mahendra Raya Yadav. It was formed through the merger of Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal, a splinter group of Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party and Rastriya Sadbhavana Party, a splinter group of Sadbhavana Party.
The Rastriya Janata Party, Nepal, abbr. RJPN was the fourth-largest political party in Nepal after the Nepali Congress, the Nepal Communist Party and the Samajbadi Party, Nepal. It was formed on 21 April 2017 after the merger of Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, led by the Mahantha Thakur, Sadbhavana Party, led by the Rajendra Mahato, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, led by the Anil Kumar Jha, Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party, led by the Mahendra Yadav, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican), led by Rajkishor Yadav and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party, led by Sharat Singh Bhandari. The party was founded with the ideology of democratic system.
Madhesh Movement is a political movement launched by various political parties, especially those based in Madhes, for equal rights, dignity and identity of Madhesis Tharus, Muslims and Janjati groups in Nepal. In nearly a decade, Nepal witnessed three Madhesh Movements - the first Madhesh Movement erupted in 2007, the second Madhesh Movement in 2008 and the third Madhesh Movement in 2015. Ramesh Mahato was first madhesi martyr in 2007 at Lahan.
Mahendra Raya Yadav is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal. He was elected under the first-past-the-post system from Sarlahi-2 constituency, representing Rastriya Janata Party Nepal. He defeated his nearest rival, Jangi Lal Raya of Nepali Congress, acquiring 29,191 votes to the latter's 18,976.
The People's Socialist Party, Nepal, also known as Janata Samajbadi Party is the fifth largest political party in Nepal. In today's date, the People's Socialist Party, Nepal is junior ally in Nepali Congress led Deuba government. Previously, the party was member of KP Oli led CPN (UML) government.
The 2021 split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal (PSP-N) was a factional dispute amongst the leadership over party control beginning in May and culminating in July, with the faction led by former Deputy Prime Minister Upendra Yadav succeeding over the faction of former First Chairman Mahantha Thakur. The dispute was settled as a result of a decision of the Election Commission, which handed control to Yadav's faction, forcing the departure of the Thakur faction from the PSP-N and requiring the formation of a new party.
The Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal, is the sixth largest political party in Nepal. The party was officially announced and registered at Election Commission, Nepal on 18 August 2021. Mahantha Thakur is the president of the new party.
The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik), was a political party in Nepal. It existed as one of the important political force during the constituent assembly. Later the party merged with several other parties to become the largest Madhesh/Tharuhath based party, Nepal Loktantrik Forum.
