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Emergency medical services (EMS), also known as ambulance services or paramedic services, are emergency services that provide urgent pre-hospital treatment and stabilisation for serious illness and injuries and transport to definitive care. They may also be known as a first aid squad, FAST squad, emergency squad, ambulance squad, ambulance corps, life squad or by other initialisms such as EMAS or EMARS.
An emergency medical technician is a medical professional that provides emergency medical services. EMTs are most commonly found serving on ambulances and in fire departments in the US and Canada, as full-time and some part-time departments require their firefighters to be EMT certified.
A paramedic is a healthcare professional trained in the medical model, whose main role has historically been to respond to emergency calls for medical help outside of a hospital. Paramedics work as part of the emergency medical services (EMS), most often in ambulances. They also have roles in emergency medicine, primary care, transfer medicine and remote/offshore medicine. The scope of practice of a paramedic varies between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the emergency care of patients.
Advanced cardiac life support, advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical guidelines for the urgent and emergent treatment of life-threatening cardiovascular conditions that will cause or have caused cardiac arrest, using advanced medical procedures, medications, and techniques. ACLS expands on Basic Life Support (BLS) by adding recommendations on additional medication and advanced procedure use to the CPR guidelines that are fundamental and efficacious in BLS. ACLS is practiced by advanced medical providers including physicians, some nurses and paramedics; these providers are usually required to hold certifications in ACLS care.
Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders in an acutely ill patient. It is an important part of intensive care medicine, anesthesiology, trauma surgery and emergency medicine. Well-known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
An emergency physician is a physician who works in an emergency department to care for ill patients. The emergency physician specializes in advanced cardiac life support, resuscitation, trauma care such as fractures and soft tissue injuries, and management of other life-threatening situations.
Advanced Life Support (ALS) is a set of life saving protocols and skills that extend basic life support to further support the circulation and provide an open airway and adequate ventilation (breathing).
Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) is a training program for medical providers in the management of acute trauma cases, developed by the American College of Surgeons. Similar programs exist for immediate care providers such as paramedics. The program has been adopted worldwide in over 60 countries, sometimes under the name of Early Management of Severe Trauma, especially outside North America. Its goal is to teach a simplified and standardized approach to trauma patients. Originally designed for emergency situations where only one doctor and one nurse are present, ATLS is now widely accepted as the standard of care for initial assessment and treatment in trauma centers. The premise of the ATLS program is to treat the greatest threat to life first. It also advocates that the lack of a definitive diagnosis and a detailed history should not slow the application of indicated treatment for life-threatening injury, with the most time-critical interventions performed early.
In the United States, the paramedic is a allied health professional whose primary focus is to provide advanced emergency medical care for patients who access Emergency Medical Services (EMS). This individual possesses the complex knowledge and skills necessary to provide patient care and transportation. Paramedics function as part of a comprehensive EMS response under physician medical direction. Paramedics often serve in a prehospital role, responding to Public safety answering point (9-1-1) calls in an ambulance. The paramedic serves as the initial entry point into the health care system. A standard requirement for state licensure involves successful completion of a nationally accredited Paramedic program at the certificate or associate degree level.
Advanced Emergency Medical Technician - Critical Care (AEMT-CC) is a former Emergency Medical Services (EMS) certification that was unique to New York. The curriculum for AEMT-CC's in New York was similar to that of the national standard EMT-I/99 but with a broader scope of practice. EMT-CCs are fully classified as Advanced Life Support (ALS) providers within New York and are trained in advanced airway management, including intubation, IV fluid administration, cardiac monitoring, cardiac pacing, and both synchronized and unsynchronized cardioversion, and medication usage/administration in adult and pediatric patients.
A flight paramedic is a paramedic who provides care to sick and injured patients in an aeromedical environment. Typically a flight paramedic works with a registered nurse, physician, respiratory therapist, or another paramedic. Flight paramedics must have an advanced medical knowledge along with years of clinical experience. Flight paramedics in the United States usually hold certifications such as the FP-C or the CCP-C, while in countries like the United Kingdom, they are typically required to hold a postgraduate certificate in critical care as a minimum, with many holding a master's degree in advanced practice or aeromedical critical care.
Grady straps are a specific strapping configuration used in full body spinal immobilization.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to emergency medicine:
Yellowknife Fire Division is a full-time fire department located in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada with full-time firefighters. The department was established in February 1943. Their staff consists of a fire chief, two deputy chiefs, and thirty-six full-time members, composed of four captains, four lieutenants and twenty-eight firefighters. They operate on a four-platoon system that consists of eight staff.
The Pediatric Assessment Triangle or PAT is a tool used in emergency medicine to form a general impression of a pediatric patient. In emergency medicine, a general impression is formed the first time the medical professional views the patient, usually within seconds. The PAT is a method of quickly determining the acuity of the child, identifying the type of pathophysiology, e.g., respiratory distress, respiratory failure, or shock and establishing urgency for treatment. The PAT also drives initial resuscitation and stabilization efforts based on the assessment findings.
The West Midlands Central Accident, Resuscitation & Emergency (CARE) team is a charitable organisation who respond to serious medical incidents within the West Midlands, UK. Working in teams alongside West Midlands Ambulance Service, volunteer doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals deliver enhanced critical care to seriously injured and unwell patients.
Scottish Specialist Transport and Retrieval (ScotSTAR) is the Scottish national service for adult, paediatric and neonatal patients. The service is run by the Scottish Ambulance Service and brings together NHS Scotland's three specialist transport and retrieval services: the Scottish Neonatal Transport Service (SNTS), the Transport of Critically Ill and Injured Children Service and the Emergency Medical Retrieval Service (EMRS). The service operates from a bespoke base near Glasgow and expects to be able to cater for 2,200 critically ill children and adults every year.
The British Association for Immediate Care Scotland is an organisation involved with prehospital care. It has the aims of providing encouragement and aid with the formation of immediate care schemes and to provide training to support those working in prehospital care. It shares its origins with the British Association for Immediate Care (BASICS), which has UK wide coverage. In 1993, the British Association for Immediate Care began running prehospital care courses in Scotland, which were met with a warm welcome and it became clear there was a large audience for such education, especially in remote and rural areas of Scotland. This need for training and organisational leadership became clearer after the 1994 Scotland RAF Chinook crash on the Mull of Kintyre. This led to the training provided by BASICS to be modified for a more rural setting, and to the development of BASICS Scotland as a separate organisation in 2002.
The Prehospital Immediate Care and Trauma (PICT) Team is a prehospital care team which operates from Raigmore Hospital emergency department in Inverness, Scotland. It receives funding from NHS Highland, BASICS Scotland and the Scottish Trauma Network.
References
- ↑ Mallinson, Tom (2011). "Prehospital emergency care course: PhEC". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 3 (9): 526–528. doi:10.12968/jpar.2011.3.9.526.
- ↑ "Pre-Hospital Truama Life Support - Front Page". www.naemt.org. Archived from the original on 5 December 1998. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ↑ "ACLS Provider Course". American Heart Association. Archived from the original on July 30, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
- ↑ "Alms - Naemt". www.naemt.org. Archived from the original on 23 December 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ↑ "Board for Critical Care Transport Certification homepage". Bcctpc.org. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ "Hospitalist Procedures : CME Conferences : Ultrasound Courses : Emergency Medicine : Medical CME : Emergency procedures : Trauma CME". Hospitalprocedures.org. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ "Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO®)". Aafp.org. 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ "EPC Index - NAEMT". www.naemt.org. Archived from the original on 9 March 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ↑ "Neonatal Resuscitation Program". Archived from the original on July 7, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
- ↑ "American Heart Association homepage". Americanheart.org. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ Archived May 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Archived July 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Advanced Trauma Life Support". Facs.org. 2014-02-05. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ "ATACC". ATACC. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ "Home – ITLS". Itrauma.org. 2015-07-02. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Hodgetts, T. J.; Mahoney, P. F.; Russell, M. Q.; Byers, M. (2006-10-01). "ABC to <C>ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm". Emergency Medicine Journal. 23 (10): 745–746. doi:10.1136/emj.2006.039610. ISSN 1472-0205. PMC 2579588 . PMID 16988297.
- ↑ "Archived copy". www.nsc.org. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "AHLS Course Description Page". Ahls.org. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
- ↑ "Advanced Hazmat Life Support". Advanced Hazmat Life Support. Advanced Hazmat Life Support. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
