List of endemic plants of New Caledonia Last updated July 21, 2025 New Caledonia is an archipelago in the South Pacific. It includes the main island of Grande Terre , the Loyalty Islands , the Chesterfield Islands , the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines , and a few remote islets. Politically New Caledonia is a sui generis collectivity of France , while it is recognized as a distinct botanical country by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions . [ 1]
New Caledonia is home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of vascular plants , including the endemic plant families Amborellaceae , Oncothecaceae , and Phellinaceae , and the endemic genera Achlydosa , Acropogon , Amborella , Amphorogyne , Apiopetalum , Arillastrum , Arthroclianthus , Artia , Austrotaxus , Basselinia , Beauprea , Beaupreopsis , Bocquillonia , Bopopia , Burretiokentia , Campynemanthe , Canacomyrica , Cerberiopsis , Chamaedendron , Chambeyronia , Clematepistephium , Clinosperma , Cloezia , Cocconerion , Codia , Coilochilus , Comptonella , Crossosperma , Cyathopsis , Cyphokentia , Cyphophoenix , Daenikera , Deltaria , Depanthus , Dicarpellum , Dutailliopsis , Dutaillyea , Eriaxis , Eucarpha , Gastrolepis , Gonatostylis , Gongrodiscus , Greslania , Hachettea , Hooglandia , Jaffrea , Kanakomyrtus , Kibaropsis , Longetia , Loxodiscus , Mangenotiella , Maxwellia , Menepetalum , Montrouziera , Myodocarpus , Myrtastrum , Myrtopsis , Myricanthe , Nemuaron , Neoguillauminia , Neoschmidia , Nephrodesmus , Normandia , Oncotheca , Pachyplectron , Pancheria , Paracryphia , Parasitaxus , Peripterygia , Phelline , Picrella , Platyspermation , Pleurocalyptus , Podonephelium , Purpureostemon , Pycnandra , Salaciopsis , Scagea , Solmsia , Sparattosyce , Storthocalyx , Strasburgeria , Stromatopteris , Thiollierea , and Virotia . [ 2]
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family. Extinct and presumed extinct species are indicated with †. [ 2]
Apocynaceae Alstonia balansae Guillaumin Alstonia boulindaensis Boiteau – central New Caledonia Alstonia coriacea Pancher ex S.Moore east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia deplanchei Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alstonia deplanchei var. deplanchei – northwestern and west-central New CaledoniaAlstonia deplanchei var. ndokoaensis Boiteau – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alstonia lanceolata Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. Alstonia lanceolifera S.Moore – southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia legouixiae Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. Alstonia lenormandii Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. – north-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia lenormandii var. lenormandii – north-central and southeastern New CaledoniaAlstonia lenormandii var. minutiflora Boiteau – north-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia odontophora Boiteau – southeastern New Caledonia Alstonia quaternata Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. – northwestern and central New Caledonia Alstonia sphaerocapitata Boiteau – north-central New Caledonia Alstonia vieillardii Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. Alyxia baillonii Guillaumin – central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia caletioides (Baill.) Guillaumin ex Däniker – northwestern New Caledonia Alyxia celastrinea (Baill.) Schltr. ex Guillaumin Alyxia clusiophylla (Baill.) Guillaumin – west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia cylindrocarpa Guillaumin Alyxia dolioliflora Guillaumin – west-southwestern New Caledonia Alyxia glaucophylla Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. – central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia humboldtensis Lannuzel & Gâteblé Alyxia hurlimannii Guillaumin Alyxia kaalaensis Boiteau – northwestern New Caledonia Alyxia leucogyne Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. Alyxia loeseneriana Schltr. Alyxia margaretae Boiteau – northern and north-central New Caledonia Alyxia minimiflora Lannuzel Alyxia mucronata D.J.Middleton – northwestern and west-central New Caledonia Alyxia nummularia S.Moore – central and southeastern New Caledonia Alyxia oppositifolia Boiteau – northwestern and west-northwestern New Caledonia Alyxia oubatchensis (Schltr.) Guill. ex Boiteau Alyxia paniensis Lannuzel – northern New Caledonia (Mont Panié ) Alyxia poyaensis (Boiteau) D.J.Middleton – east-central New Caledonia Alyxia pseudoserpentina Boiteau – western New Caledonia Alyxia rosmarinifolia (Baill.) Guillaumin – south-central New Caledonia Alyxia rubricaulis (Baill.) Guillaumin – central and south-central New Caledonia Alyxia sarasinii Guillaumin Alyxia tisserantii Montrouz. Alyxia torquata (Baill.) Guillaumin – west-central and south-central New Caledonia Alyxia urceolata Lannuzel Alyxia veillonii D.J.Middleton – south-central New Caledonia (Tontouta Valley) Artia Guillaumin Artia amieuensis Guillaumin Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau – northwestern and central New Caledonia Artia brachycarpa var. brachycarpa – northwestern and central New CaledoniaArtia brachycarpa var. coriacea (Guillaumin) Boiteau – northwestern New CaledoniaArtia brachycarpa var. lanceolata (Guillaumin) Boiteau – northwestern New Caledonia (î. Art, î. Yandé, î. Baaba) Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon Artia lifuana (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin – central New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Cerberiopsis Vieill. ex Pancher & Sebert Heterostemma bicanthaceum Meve, Gâteblé & Liede Leichhardtia assimulata (S.Moore) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – central and southern New Caledonia Leichhardtia dognyensis (Guillaumin) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – northern and central New Caledonia Leichhardtia ericoides (Schltr.) Bullock – southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia goromotoorum (Gâteblé, Fleurot, Meve & Liede) Gâteblé, Fleurot, Meve & Liede – west-central New Caledonia Leichhardtia guillauminiana (P.T.Li) Gâteblé, Meve & Liede – northern New Caledonia Leichhardtia kaalaensis (Meve, Gâteblé & Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia koniamboensis (Guillaumin) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve Leichhardtia kuniensis (Meve, Gâteblé & Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – New Caledonia ( Î des Pins) Leichhardtia lyonsioides (Schltr.) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – northern and central New Caledonia Leichhardtia mackeeorum (Meve, Gâteblé & Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia neocaledonica (Meve, Gâteblé & Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – northwestern and west-northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia neomicrostoma (Meve, Gâteblé & Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – northern and west-northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia nigriflora (Guillaumin) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia oubatchensis (Schltr.) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – northern New Caledonia Leichhardtia paulforsteri (Meve, Gâteblé & Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – southeastern New Caledonia Leichhardtia speciosa (Baill.) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve Leichhardtia tylophoroides (Schltr.) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve Leichhardtia variifolia (Guillaumin) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – west-northwestern New Caledonia Leichhardtia weari Gâteblé, Meve & Liede Leichhardtia weberlingiana (Liede) Liede, Gâteblé & Meve – north-central New Caledonia (col de Hô) Melodinus aeneus Baill. Melodinus balansae Baill. Melodinus philliraeoides Labill. Melodinus reticulatus Boiteau – northwestern and southeastern New Caledonia Melodinus scandens J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Ochrosia balansae (Guillaumin) Baill. ex Guillaumin Ochrosia balansae var. balansae – northern and southeastern New CaledoniaOchrosia balansae var. excelsior Boiteau – west-central New Caledonia Ochrosia bodenheimarum Guillaumin – southeastern New Caledonia (Vallée de la Toutouta) Ochrosia brevituba Boiteau – northwestern and north-central New Caledonia Ochrosia grandiflora Boiteau – northwestern and central New Caledonia Ochrosia inventorum L.Allorge Ochrosia lifuana Guillaumin – New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands, Î. des Pins) Ochrosia miana Baill. ex Guillaumin Ochrosia mulsantii Montrouz. – central and southeastern New Caledonia Ochrosia novocaledonica Däniker Ochrosia sevenetii Boiteau Ochrosia silvatica Däniker – northwestern New Caledonia Ochrosia thiollierei Montrouz. – southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia affinis Baill. Parsonsia brachiata Baill. ex Guillaumin Parsonsia catalpicarpa Baill. – northwestern New Caledonia Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. Parsonsia edulis (G.Benn.) Guillaumin – west-central and southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia effusa S.Moore Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – northwestern New Caledonia Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – west-central New Caledonia Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – central and southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin – central and southeastern New Caledonia Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin Parsonsia populifolia Baill. Parsonsia scabra (Spreng.) Markgr. Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – northwestern and central New Caledonia Rauvolfia balansae (Baill.) Boiteau Rauvolfia balansae subsp. balansae Rauvolfia balansae var. basicola (Boiteau) Boiteau – central and southeastern New CaledoniaRauvolfia balansae subsp. schumanniana (Schltr.) Boiteau – northern and central New Caledonia Rauvolfia semperflorens (Müll.Arg.) Schltr. Rauvolfia semperflorens var. insularis Boiteau – New Caledonia (Î. des Pins)Rauvolfia semperflorens var. semperflorens – central and southeastern New CaledoniaRauvolfia semperflorens var. viridis (Müll.Arg.) Boiteau – northwestern and central New Caledonia Rauvolfia sevenetii Boiteau – southeastern New Caledonia Rauvolfia spathulata Boiteau – southeastern New Caledonia (Mts. des Sources) Tabernaemontana cerifera Pancher & Sebert Araliaceae Meryta balansae Baill. Meryta coriacea Baill. Meryta denhamii Seem. Meryta oxylaena Baill. Meryta pachycarpa Baill. Meryta pandanicarpa Guillaumin Meryta rivularis Lowry – northeastern New Caledonia Meryta schizolaena Baill. Meryta sonchifolia (Linden) Linden & André Plerandra baillonii (R.Vig.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra crassipes (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra elegantissima (H.J.Veitch ex Mast.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin – southeastern New Caledonia Plerandra elongata (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra emiliana (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra gabriellae (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin – New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Plerandra leptophylla (H.J.Veitch ex T.Moore) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra nono (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra osyana (Veitch ex Regel) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra osyana subsp. osyana Plerandra osyana subsp. toto (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra pachyphylla (Harms) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra pancheri (Baill.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra plerandroides (R.Vig.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra polydactylis (Montrouz.) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra reginae (Linden ex W.Richards) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra veilloniorum Bernardi ex Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin Plerandra veitchii (Carrière) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett & Frodin – southeastern New Caledonia Polyscias balansae (Baill.) Harms Polyscias biformis (Philipson) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett Polyscias botryophora Harms Polyscias bracteata (R.Vig.) Lowry in D.G.Frodin & R.H.A.Govaerts Polyscias bracteata subsp. bracteata Polyscias bracteata subsp. subincisa (R.Vig.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett Polyscias crenata (Pancher & Sebert) Frodin Polyscias dioica (Vieill. ex Pancher & Sebert) Harms Polyscias lecardii (R.Vig.) Lowry Polyscias mackeei Lowry & G.M.Plunkett Polyscias microbotrys (Baill.) Harms Polyscias otopyrena (Baill.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett Polyscias pancheri (Baill.) Harms Polyscias scopoliae (Baill.) Lowry Polyscias vieillardii (Baill.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett Polyscias vieillardii subsp. balansae (Baill.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett Polyscias vieillardii subsp. vieillardii Polyscias weinmanniae (Baill.) Harms Schefflera balansana Baill. Schefflera candelabrum Baill. Schefflera coenosa (R.Vig.) Frodin – southeastern New Caledonia (incl. î. des Pins) Schefflera leratii R.Vig. Schefflera ouveana (Däniker) Frodin – New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands) Schefflera pseudocandelabrum R.Vig. Schefflera vieillardii Baill. Chloranthaceae Ascarina rubricaulis Solms Ascarina solmsiana Schltr. – northwestern New Caledonia Ascarina solmsiana var. grandifolia Jérémie – southeastern New CaledoniaAscarina solmsiana var. solmsiana – northwestern New CaledoniaOlacaceae Olax hypoleuca Baill. Olax hypoleuca var. hypoleuca Olax hypoleuca var. microphylla Sapindaceae Alectryon hirsutus Munzinger Cossinia trifoliata (Baill.) Radlk. Cupaniopsis apiocarpa Radlk. Cupaniopsis azantha Radlk. Cupaniopsis chytradenia Radlk. † Cupaniopsis crassivalvis Radlk. Cupaniopsis grisea Adema Cupaniopsis hypodermatica Radlk. – New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands) Cupaniopsis mackeeana Adema Cupaniopsis macrocarpa Radlk. – central and southeastern New Caledonia Cupaniopsis macrocarpa var. macrocarpa – central and southeastern New CaledoniaCupaniopsis macrocarpa var. polyphylla Adema – northwestern and southeastern New Caledonia Cupaniopsis megalocarpa Adema Cupaniopsis petiolulata Radlk. Cupaniopsis phalacrocarpa Adema Cupaniopsis sylvatica Guillaumin – New Caledonia (incl. Î. des Pins) Cupaniopsis trigonocarpa Radlk. Elattostachys dzumacensis Adema Elattostachys incisa Radlk. Gongrodiscus Radlk. Guioa aryteroides Guillaumin Guioa crenata Radlk. Guioa crenulata Radlk. Guioa fusca Radlk. Guioa glauca (Labill.) Radlk. Guioa gracilis (Pancher & Sebert) Radlk. Guioa koniamboensis Guillaumin Guioa microsepala Radlk. Guioa ovalis Radlk. Guioa pectinata Radlk. Guioa villosa Radlk. Harpullia austrocaledonica Baill. Lepidocupania arcuata (Radlk.) Buerki Lepidocupania fruticosa (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry – southwestern New Caledonia Lepidocupania glabra (Adema) Buerki Lepidocupania globosa (Adema) Buerki Lepidocupania glomeriflora (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry – New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Lepidocupania gracilipes (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania grandiflora (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania inoplea (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry – northwestern New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands) Lepidocupania lepidota (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania mouana (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry – New Caledonia (Mt. Mou) Lepidocupania myrmoctona (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania oedipoda (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania pennelii (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania rosea (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania squamosa (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Lepidocupania subfalcata (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry – New Caledonia (Mt. Koniambo) Lepidocupania tontoutensis (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry Loxodiscus Hook.f. Neoarytera chartacea (Radlk.) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry Neoarytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry Neoarytera nekorensis (H.Turner) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry – west-central New Caledonia Podonephelium Baill. Storthocalyx Radlk. Symplocaceae Symplocos arborea (Vieill.) Brongn. & Gris Symplocos caerulescens (Vieill.) Brongn. & Gris – central and southeastern New Caledonia Symplocos flavescens Brand – east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Symplocos flavescens var. flavescens – east-central and southeastern New CaledoniaSymplocos flavescens var. pseudonitida (Guillaumin) Noot. – central and southeastern New Caledonia Symplocos gracilis Brongn. & Gris – northern and southeastern New Caledonia Symplocos montana (Vieill.) Brongn. & Gris – northwestern New Caledonia Symplocos montana var. baptica (Brongn. & Gris) Noot. Symplocos montana var. montana – northwestern New CaledoniaSymplocos montana var. munda (S.Moore) Noot. Symplocos montana var. tortuosa (Guillaumin) Noot. Symplocos montana var. ultrabasica Noot. Symplocos neocaledonica (Vieill.) Noot. – northwestern and central New Caledonia Symplocos paniensis Pillon & Noot. Winteraceae Zygogynum acsmithii Vink – southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum amplexicaule (Vieill. ex P.Parm.) Vink – northern and west-central New Caledonia Zygogynum amplexicaule subsp. amplexicaule – northern and west-central New CaledoniaZygogynum amplexicaule var. isoneurum (Tiegh.) Vink – northern and north-central New CaledoniaZygogynum amplexicaule subsp. luteum Vink – west-central and central New Caledonia Zygogynum baillonii Tiegh. – southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum bicolor Tiegh. – central New Caledonia Zygogynum comptonii (Baker f.) Vink – northern New Caledonia Zygogynum comptonii var. angustifolium Vink – west-central New CaledoniaZygogynum comptonii var. comptonii – northern New CaledoniaZygogynum comptonii var. taracticum Vink – west-central and central New Caledonia Zygogynum crassifolium (Baill.) Vink Zygogynum cristatum Vink – central New Caledonia Zygogynum fraterculus Vink Zygogynum mackeei Vink – northern New Caledonia Zygogynum mackeei subsp. mackeei – northern New CaledoniaZygogynum mackeei subsp. paniense Carlquist – northern New Caledonia (Mt. Panié) Zygogynum oligostigma Vink – central New Caledonia Zygogynum pancheri (Baill.) Vink – east-central and southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum pancheri subsp. arrhantum Vink – central and southeastern New CaledoniaZygogynum pancheri subsp. deplanchei (Tiegh.) Vink – northern New CaledoniaZygogynum pancheri subsp. elegans Vink – central and southeastern New CaledoniaZygogynum pancheri subsp. pancheri – east-central and southeastern New CaledoniaZygogynum pancheri subsp. rivulare (Vieill. ex P.Parm.) Vink – northern and central New Caledonia Zygogynum pauciflorum (Baker f.) Vink – northern New Caledonia (Mt. Panié) Zygogynum pomiferum Baill. – northern and central New Caledonia Zygogynum pomiferum subsp. balansae (Tiegh.) Vink – southeastern New CaledoniaZygogynum pomiferum subsp. pomiferum – northern and central New Caledonia Zygogynum schlechteri (Guillaumin) Vink – southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum stipitatum Baill. – northern and central New Caledonia Zygogynum tanyostigma Vink – northern New Caledonia (Mt. Panié) Zygogynum tieghemii Vink – central and southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum tieghemii subsp. synchronanthum Vink – northwestern New CaledoniaZygogynum tieghemii subsp. thulium Vink – northern New CaledoniaZygogynum tieghemii subsp. tieghemii – central and southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum vieillardii Baill. – central and southeastern New Caledonia Zygogynum vinkii F.B.Sampson – central New CaledoniaThis page is based on this
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