List of odd-toed ungulates by population

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This is a list of odd-toed ungulate species (order Perissodactyla) by estimated global population.

Unless otherwise noted, primary populations given are for number of mature individuals.

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus18 [1] CR [1] Steady2.svg [1] Total population is estimated to be 68 individuals. Range is entirely restricted to western Java. [1] Rhinoceros sondaicus in London Zoo.jpg
African wild ass Equus africanus23–200 [2] CR [2] Decrease2.svg [2] Total population is estimated to be 70 - 600 individuals. [2] A ANE DE SOMALIE.JPG
Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis30 [3] CR [3] Decrease2.svg [3] Total population is estimated to be less than 80 individuals. [3] Sumatran Rhino 2.jpg
Przewalski's horse Equus ferus przewalskii178 [4] EN [4] Increase2.svg [4] Wild population only. Total wild population is estimated to be 387 individuals. Previously extinct in the wild. [4] Przewalski's Horse, Dubbo Zoo, c 2005.jpg
Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii1,600 - 2,300 [5] EN [5] Decrease2.svg [5] Estimate is derived from regional estimates from Mosquitia and the Maya Forest. [5] Milton Tapir sniffing2.jpg
Grévy's zebra Equus grevyi1,956 [6] EN [6] Steady2.svg [6] Total population is estimated to be 2,680 individuals. [6] Grevy's Zebra Stallion.jpg
Indian rhinoceros

(Greater one-horned rhino)

Rhinoceros unicornis2,100-2,200 [7] VU [7] Increase2.svg [7] Total population is estimated to be 3,588 individuals. [7] Indian Rhino Image.jpg
Malayan tapir Tapirus indicus2,499 [8] EN [8] Decrease2.svg [8] Malayan Tapir.jpg
Mountain tapir Tapirus pinchaque2,500 [9] EN [9] Decrease2.svg [9] Maximum estimate. [9] Mountain Tapir.jpg
South American tapir

(Lowland tapir)

Tapirus terrestris2,665 - 15,992 [10] VU [11] Decrease2.svg [11] IUCN assessment does not provide a population estimate. [11] South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris).JPG
Black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis3,142 [12] CR [12] Increase2.svg [12] Total population is estimated to be 5,630 individuals as of 2018. [12] Ngorongoro Spitzmaulnashorn edit1.jpg
White rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum10,080 [13] NT [13] Decrease2.svg [13] Total population is estimated to be 18,064 individuals. [13] Rhinoceros blanc JHE.jpg
Mountain zebra Equus zebra34,979 [14] VU [14] Increase2.svg [14] Two subspecies: Hartmann's (33,265 mature individuals) & Cape (1,714 - 3,247 mature individuals). [14] Hartmann zebra hobatere S.jpg
Asiatic wild ass

(Onager)

Equus hemionus65,000 [15] NT [15] Steady2.svg [15] Total population is estimated to be 108,300 individuals. [15] Kulaani Korkeasaari.jpg
Kiang Equus kiang60,000–70,000 [16] LC [16] Steady2.svg [16] Values given are for total population. [16] Equus kiang holdereri03.jpg
Plains zebra Equus quagga150,000-250,000 [17] NT [17] Decrease2.svg [17] Total population is estimated to be 500,000 individuals. [17] Burchell's Zebra (Etosha).jpg
Mule Equus asinus x Equus caballus 7,700,000 [18] Domesticated Value given is the 2024 estimate given by the FAO for worldwide population, rounded to nearest hundred thousand. [18] Juancito.jpg
Donkey Equus africanus asinus 53,900,000 [18] Domesticated Value given is the 2024 estimate given by the FAO for worldwide population, rounded to nearest hundred thousand. [18] Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg
Horse Equus ferus caballus 56,200,000 [18] Domesticated Value given is the 2024 estimate given by the FAO for worldwide population, rounded to nearest hundred thousand. [18] Nokota Horses cropped.jpg

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Ellis, S.; Talukdar, B. (2020). "Rhinoceros sondaicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T19495A18493900. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19495A18493900.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F.; Yohannes, H. (2015). "Equus africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015 e.T7949A45170994. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7949A45170994.en . Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Ellis, S.; Talukdar, B. (2020). "Dicerorhinus sumatrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T6553A18493355. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6553A18493355.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 King, S.R.B.; Boyd, L.; Zimmerman, W.; Kendall, B.E. (2016) [amended version of 2015 assessment]. "Equus ferus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T41763A97204950. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Garcìa, M.; Jordan, C.; O'Farril, G.; Poot, C.; Meyer, N.; Estrada, N.; Leonardo, R.; Naranjo, E.; Simons, Á.; Herrera, A.; Urgilés, C.; Schank, C.; Boshoff, L.; Ruiz-Galeano, M. (2016). "Tapirus bairdii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T21471A45173340. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21471A45173340.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Rubenstein, D.; Low Mackey, B.; Davidson, Z.D.; Kebede, F.; King, S.R.B. (2016). "Equus grevyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T7950A89624491. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T7950A89624491.en . Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Ellis, S.; Talukdar, B. (2019). "Rhinoceros unicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T19496A18494149. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19496A18494149.en . Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  8. 1 2 3 Traeholt, C.; Novarino, W.; bin Saaban, S.; Shwe, N.M.; Lynam, A.; Zainuddin, Z.; Simpson, B.; bin Mohd, S. (2016). "Tapirus indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T21472A45173636. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21472A45173636.en .
  9. 1 2 3 4 Lizcano, D.J.; Amanzo, J.; Castellanos, A.; Tapia, A.; Lopez-Malaga, C.M. (2016). "Tapirus pinchaque". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T21473A45173922. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21473A45173922.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  10. ↑ "The distribution and conservation status of Tapirus terrestris in the South American Atlantic Forest". Neotropical Biology and Conservation. 17 (1): 1–19. 2022-01-01. doi: 10.3897/neotropical.17.e71867 . ISSN   2236-3777.
  11. 1 2 3 Kevin Flesher (Reserva Ecologica Michelin, Igrapiuna, Bahia, Brasil); Bustos, Soledad de; Chalukian, Silvia; Ayala, G; Cécile Richard-Hansen (ONCFS (Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage)); José Cartes (IUCN SSC Deer and Tapir Specialist Groups); Varela, Diego (2018-07-31). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tapirus terrestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on 2025-05-05.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. 1 2 3 4 Emslie, R. (2020). "Diceros bicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T6557A152728945. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T6557A152728945.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Emslie, R. (2020). "Ceratotherium simum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020 e.T4185A45813880. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4185A45813880.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Gosling, L.M.; Muntifering, J.; Kolberg, H.; Uiseb, K.; King, S.R.B. (2019). "Equus zebra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019 e.T7960A160755590. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T7960A160755590.en . Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Kaczensky, P.; King, S.R.B.; Esmaeili, S.; Moehlman, P.D. (2025). "Equus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2025 e.T7951A238881740. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-1.RLTS.T7951A238881740.en .
  16. 1 2 3 4 Shah, N.; St. Louis, A.; Qureshi, Q. (2015). "Equus kiang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015 e.T7953A45171635. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T7953A45171635.en . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  17. 1 2 3 4 King, S.R.B. & Moehlman, P.D. (2016). "Equus quagga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 e.T41013A45172424. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41013A45172424.en .
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
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