Mammals by population |
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This is a list of primate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive as not all primates have had their numbers quantified.
Common name | Binomial name | Population | Status | Trend | Notes | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hainan black crested gibbon | Nomascus hainanus | 20–50 [1] | CR [1] | [1] | Population was estimated at over 2,000 in the late 1950s. [1] | |
Eastern black crested gibbon | Nomascus nasutus | 45–47 [2] | CR [2] | [2] | Previously thought to be possibly extinct. Numbers may be higher. [2] | |
Cat Ba langur | Trachypithecus poliocephalus | 51–54 [3] | CR [3] | [3] | ||
Popa langur | Trachypithecus popa | 135–176 [4] | CR [4] | [4] | Estimate for mature individuals. [4] | |
Raffles' banded langur | Presbytis femoralis | 200–250 [5] | CR [5] | [5] | ||
Sarawak surili | Presbytis chrysomelas | 200–500 [6] | CR [6] | [6] | ||
Perrier's sifaka | Propithecus perrieri | 230 [7] | CR [7] | [7] | One of the 25 most endangered primates. [7] | |
Delacour's langur | Trachypithecus delacouri | 234–275 [8] | CR [8] | [8] | The population of the species has radically decreased over the past decade. [8] | |
Silky sifaka | Propithecus candidus | 250 [9] | CR [9] | [9] | Estimate is believed to be a maximum. [9] | |
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus avunculus | 250 [10] | CR [10] | [10] | ||
Barbara Brown's titi | Callicebus barbarabrownae | 260 [11] | CR [11] | [11] | Minimum estimation. [11] | |
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus strykeri | 260–330 [12] | CR [12] | [12] | ||
Mentawai langur | Presbytis potenziani | 300–1,200 [13] | CR [13] | [13] | ||
Superagui lion tamarin | Leontopithecus caissara | 400 [14] | CR [14] | [14] | Maximum estimate. [14] | |
Blond capuchin | Cebus flavius | 500 | EN| [15] | |||
Greater bamboo lemur | Prolemur simus | 500 [16] | CR | |||
Kashmir gray langur | Semnopithecus ajax | 500 [17] | EN [17] | [17] | Maximum estimate; 250 mature. [17] | |
Coimbra Filho's titi | Callicebus coimbrai | 500–1,000 [18] | EN [18] | [18] | ||
Gray-shanked douc | Pygathrix cinerea | 550–700 [19] | CR [19] | [19] | ||
Arunachal macaque | Macaca munzala | 569 [20] | EN [20] | [20] | While one source gives a minimum estimate of 569, another claims adult species number less than 250. [20] | |
White-headed langur | Trachypithecus leucocephalus | 600 [21] | CR [21] | [21] | ||
Gray snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus brelichi | 750 [22] | EN [22] | [22] | ||
Northern muriqui | Brachyteles hypoxanthus | 855 [23] | CR [23] | [23] | Minimum estimate. [23] | |
Black lion tamarin | Leontopithecus chrysopygus | 1,000 [24] | EN [24] | [24] | ||
Tana River mangabey | Cercocebus galeritus | 1,000–1,200 [25] | EN [25] | [25] | ||
Kipunji | Rungwecebus kipunji | 1,117 [26] | EN [26] | [26] | |||
Sanje mangabey | Cercocebus sanjei | 1,300 [27] | EN [27] | [27] | Estimate is likely a maximum. [27] | |
Southern muriqui | Brachyteles arachnoides | 1,300 [28] | EN [28] | [28] | ||
Black crested gibbon | Nomascus concolor | 1,300–2,000 [29] | CR [29] | [29] | ||
Siau Island tarsier | Tarsius tumpara | 1,358–12,470 [30] | CR [30] | [30] | Amongst the world's top 25 most endangered primates. [30] | |
Golden bamboo lemur | Hapalemur aureus | 1,479 [31] | CR [31] | [31] | [31] | |
Red slender loris | Loris tardigradus | 1,500 [32] | EN [32] | [32] | ||
Sangihe tarsier | Tarsius sangirensis | 1,505–2,795 [33] | EN [33] | [33] | Population estimates are considered inconclusive. [33] | |
Zanzibar red colobus | Procolobus kirkii | 2,000 [34] | EN [34] | [34] | Maximum estimate. [34] | |
Black snub-nosed monkey | Rhinopithecus bieti | 2,000 [35] | EN [35] | [35] | Maximum estimate; less than 1,000 mature organisms. [35] | |
François' langur | Trachypithecus francoisi | 2,000–2,100 [36] | EN [36] | [36] | Estimate for mature individuals. [36] | |
Pagai Island macaque | Macaca pagensis | 2,100–3,700 [37] | CR [37] | [37] | Numbered 15,000 in 1980. [37] | |
Indochinese gray langur | Trachypithecus crepusculus | 2,400–2,500 [38] | EN [38] | [38] | Estimate for mature individuals. [38] | |
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur | Hapalemur alaotrensis | 2,500 [39] | CR [39] | [39] | Estimates were for 2002 and showed a decline of over 50% in under ten years. [39] | |
Moor macaque | Macaca maura | 3,000–5,000 [40] | EN [40] | [40] | ||
Golden lion tamarin | Leontopithecus rosalia | 3,200 [41] | EN [41] | [41] | Minimum estimate; wild only. [41] In addition to these, there are about 490 golden lion tamarins in 150 zoos around the world. [42] | |
Lion-tailed macaque | Macaca silenus | 4,000 [43] | EN [43] | [43] | Estimate is a maximum. [43] | |
Silvery gibbon | Hylobates moloch | 4,000–4,500 [44] | EN [44] | [44] | ||
Javan surili | Presbytis comata | 5,000–12,000 [45] | VU [45] | [45] | |||
Javan fuscous leaf monkey | Presbytis fredericae | 5,000–17,000 [46] | VU [46] | [46] | ||
Gee's golden langur | Trachypithecus geei | 6,000–6,500 [47] | EN [47] | [47] | Estimate is for mature individuals. [47] | |
Eastern gorilla | Gorilla beringei | 5,880 [33] | CR [33] | [33] | Approximately 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas (G. b. graueri) [33] and 880 mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei). [48] | |
Cotton-top tamarin | Saguinus oedipus | 6,000 [49] | CR [49] | [49] | Estimate for mature organisms is 2,000. [49] | |
Golden-crowned sifaka | Propithecus tattersalli | 6,000–10,000 [50] | CR [50] | [50] | ||
Golden-headed lion tamarin | Leontopithecus chrysomelas | 6,000–15,000 [51] | EN [51] | [51] | ||
Muna-buton macaque | Macaca brunnescens | 6,221–18,435 [52] | VU [52] | [52] | Estimate is from 2007. [52] | ||
Pig-tailed langur | Simias concolor | 6,700–17,300 [53] | EN [53] | [53] | Down from an estimated 26,000 in 1980. [53] | |
Gray-headed lemur | Eulemur cinereiceps | 7,265 [54] | CR [54] | [54] | Maximum population estimate is 7,265±2,268. [54] | |
Sumatran orangutan | Pongo abelii | 7,300 [55] | CR [55] | [55] | ||
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur | Microcebus berthae | 8,000 [56] | EN [56] | [56] | Estimate is a maximum. [56] | |
Natuna Island surili | Presbytis natunae | 10,000 [57] | VU [57] | [57] | ||
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset | Callibella humilis | 10,000 [58] | VU [58] | [58] | ||
Siberut langur | Presbytis siberu | 11,014–27,439 [59] | EN [59] | [59] | Population is for Siberut National Park. [59] | |
Barbary macaque | Macaca sylvanus | 15,000 [60] | EN [60] | [60] | Population may be underestimated. [60] | |
Udzungwa red colobus | Procolobus gordonorum | 15,400 [61] | EN [61] | [61] | Population may be overestimated. [61] | |
Northern giant mouse lemur | Mirza zaza | 16,500–17,500 [62] | VU [62] | [62] | ||
Siberut macaque | Macaca siberu | 17,000–30,000 [63] | VU [63] | [63] | Numbered 39,000 in 1980. [63] | |
Capped langur | Trachypithecus pileatus | 18,600 [64] | VU [64] | [64] | ||
Nilgiri langur | Trachypithecus johnii | 20,000 [65] | VU [65] | [65] | Maximum estimate; mature individuals number less than 10,000. [65] | |
Red-eared guenon | Cercopithecus erythrotis | 20,000 [66] | VU [66] | [66] | Minimum estimate. [66] | |
Kloss's gibbon | Hylobates klossii | 20,000–25,000 [67] | EN [67] | [67] | ||
Bonobo | Pan paniscus | 29,500–50,000 [68] | EN [68] | [68] | Population may be underestimated. [68] | |
Bornean orangutan | Pongo pygmaeus | 47,000–73,000 [69] | CR [69] | [69] | ||
Heck's macaque | Macaca hecki | 100,000 [70] | VU [70] | [70] | Little is known about its populations. Estimate is for mature individuals only. [70] | |
Japanese macaque | Macaca fuscata | 114,431 [71] | LC | [72] | ||
Tonkean macaque | Macaca tonkeana | 150,000 [73] | VU [73] | [73] | ||
Western gorilla | Gorilla gorilla | 150,000–250,000 [74] | CR [74] | [74] | Figures are considered an overestimation. [74] | |
Chimpanzee | Pan troglodytes | 172,700–299,700 [75] | EN [75] | [75] | ||
Booted macaque | Macaca ochreata | 180,000 [76] | VU [76] | [76] | Estimate is from 2001. [76] | |
Gelada | Theropithecus gelada | 200,000 [77] | LC [77] | [77] | ||
Müller's Bornean gibbon | Hylobates muelleri | 250,000–375,000 [78] | EN [78] | [78] | ||
Crab-eating macaque | Macaca fascicularis | 3,000,000 [79] | EN [79] | [79] | Latest full estimation was made at the start of the 2000s. [79] | |
Senegal bushbaby | Galago senegalensis | 107,000,000 [80] | LC [81] | Rough estimate based on population density and range. | ||
Human | Homo sapiens | 8,009,000,000 [82] | LC [83] | [83] |
The macaques constitute a genus (Macaca) of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Macaques are principally frugivorous, although their diet also includes seeds, leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Some species such as the long-tailed macaque will supplement their diets with small amounts of meat from shellfish, insects, and small mammals. On average, a southern pig-tailed macaque in Malaysia eats about 70 large rats each year. All macaque social groups are arranged around dominant matriarchs.
Semnopithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species Semnopithecus entellus was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized.
Trachypithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys containing species known as lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys. Their range is much of Southeast Asia.
Presbytis is a genus of Old World monkeys also known as langurs, leaf monkeys, or surilis. Members of the genus live in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra, Borneo, Java and smaller nearby islands.
The white marmoset, or golden-white bare-ear marmoset, is a species of marmoset, a small monkey endemic to the Amazon rainforest in Pará, Brazil.
Hose's langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae endemic to the island of Borneo, including Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and East Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was first identified in Kutai National Park and Sangkulirang Peninsula, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 1985.
The black-crested Sumatran langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The dusky leaf monkey, also known as the spectacled langur or the spectacled leaf monkey, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand, and can occasionally be found in Singapore. During the day, these small, folivorous primates divide in sub-groups and forage for vegetation and fruit throughout the tropical forests. According to the IUCN, the dusky leaf monkey's population is declining due to habitat loss, poaching, and anthropogenic land use, which prompted the IUCN to classify the species as endangered in 2015.
The Siberut macaque is a vulnerable species of macaque, which is endemic to Siberut Island in Indonesia. It was formerly considered conspecific with the Pagai Island macaque which is overall paler in color, but this arrangement was polyphyletic. Both were formerly considered subspecies of the southern pig-tailed macaque.
Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.
The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates is a list of highly endangered primate species selected and published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Primate Specialist Group (PSG), the International Primatological Society (IPS), Global Wildlife Conservation (GWC), and Bristol Zoological Society (BZS). The IUCN/SSC PSG worked with Conservation International (CI) to start the list in 2000, but in 2002, during the 19th Congress of the International Primatological Society, primatologists reviewed and debated the list, resulting in the 2002–2004 revision and the endorsement of the IPS. The publication was a joint project between the three conservation organizations until the 2012–2014 list when BZS was added as a publisher. The 2018–2020 list was the first time Conservation International was not among the publishers, replaced instead by GWC. The list has been revised every two years following the biannual Congress of the IPS. Starting with the 2004–2006 report, the title changed to "Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates". That same year, the list began to provide information about each species, including their conservation status and the threats they face in the wild. The species text is written in collaboration with experts from the field, with 60 people contributing to the 2006–2008 report and 85 people contributing to the 2008–2010 report. The 2004–2006 and 2006–2008 reports were published in the IUCN/SSC PSG journal Primate Conservation,, since then they have been published as independent publications.
The mitered langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Sumatran surili, Presbytis melalophos but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The mitered langur is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN due primarily to deforestation, and also due to animals taken for pets.
The black Sumatran langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Sumatran surili, Presbytis melalophos but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The black Sumatran langur is native to the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN due primarily to deforestation, and also due to animals taken for pets.
The Siberut langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Mentawai langur, Presbytis potenziani but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The Siberut langur is native to the island of Siberut in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN.
The West Javan langur is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Trachypithecus auratus until it was elevated to a separate species by Roos and Groves. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Its range is restricted to the island of Java west of Jakarta. Its range is currently restricted to Ujung Kulon National Park, Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve and Muara Gembong due to industrial development, habitat fragmentation and the disconnection of protected areas. They are known to eat the leaves and fruits of Sonneratia in mangroves.
its population size is less than 50 mature individuals (Zhou et al. 2008, Bryant et al. 2015).
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