List of primates by population

Last updated

This is a list of primate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive as not all primates have had their numbers quantified.

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Hainan black crested gibbon Nomascus hainanus20–50 [1] CR [1] Steady2.svg [1] Population was estimated at over 2,000 in the late 1950s. [1] Nomascus nasutus hainanus.jpg
Eastern black crested gibbon Nomascus nasutus45–47 [2] CR [2] Decrease2.svg [2] Previously thought to be possibly extinct. Numbers may be higher. [2]
Cat Ba langur Trachypithecus poliocephalus51–54 [3] CR [3] Increase2.svg [3] Cat Ba Langur 8.jpg
Popa langur Trachypithecus popa135–176 [4] CR [4] Decrease2.svg [4] Estimate for mature individuals. [4]
Raffles' banded langur Presbytis femoralis200–250 [5] CR [5] Decrease2.svg [5] Presbytis femoralis Andie Ang.jpg
Sarawak surili Presbytis chrysomelas200–500 [6] CR [6] Decrease2.svg [6]
Perrier's sifaka Propithecus perrieri230 [7] CR [7] Decrease2.svg [7] One of the 25 most endangered primates. [7] Propithecus perrieri 001.jpg
Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri234–275 [8] CR [8] Decrease2.svg [8] The population of the species has radically decreased over the past decade. [8] Langur de Delacour.jpg
Silky sifaka Propithecus candidus250 [9] CR [9] Decrease2.svg [9] Estimate is believed to be a maximum. [9] Silky Sifaka Pink Face Closeup.JPG
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus250 [10] CR [10] Decrease2.svg [10]
Barbara Brown's titi Callicebus barbarabrownae260 [11] CR [11] Decrease2.svg [11] Minimum estimation. [11]
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri260–330 [12] CR [12] Decrease2.svg [12] Drawing of Rhinopithecus strykeri.jpg
Mentawai langur Presbytis potenziani300–1,200 [13] CR [13] Decrease2.svg [13]
Superagui lion tamarin Leontopithecus caissara400 [14] CR [14] Decrease2.svg [14] Maximum estimate. [14] Leontopithecus caissara.jpg
Blond capuchin Cebus flavius500 EN|Decrease2.svg [15] S. flavius SP Zoo 3.jpg
Greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus500 [16] CR Decrease2.svg Prolemur simus Cedric Girard-Buttoz.jpg
Kashmir gray langur Semnopithecus ajax500 [17] EN [17] Decrease2.svg [17] Maximum estimate; 250 mature. [17]
Coimbra Filho's titi Callicebus coimbrai500–1,000 [18] EN [18] Decrease2.svg [18]
Gray-shanked douc Pygathrix cinerea550–700 [19] CR [19] Decrease2.svg [19]
Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala569 [20] EN [20] Decrease2.svg [20] While one source gives a minimum estimate of 569, another claims adult species number less than 250. [20]
White-headed langur Trachypithecus leucocephalus600 [21] CR [21] Decrease2.svg [21] Trachypithecus francoisi leucocephalus - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02504.JPG
Gray snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi750 [22] EN [22] Decrease2.svg [22]
Northern muriqui Brachyteles hypoxanthus855 [23] CR [23] Decrease2.svg [23] Minimum estimate. [23] Northern Muriqui 9.jpg
Black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus1,000 [24] EN [24] Decrease2.svg [24] Mico leao preto SP Zoo.jpg
Tana River mangabey Cercocebus galeritus1,000–1,200 [25] EN [25] Decrease2.svg [25]
Kipunji Rungwecebus kipunji1,117 [26] EN [26] |Decrease2.svg [26] Kipunji walking h.jpg
Sanje mangabey Cercocebus sanjei1,300 [27] EN [27] Decrease2.svg [27] Estimate is likely a maximum. [27] Tanzania -Sanje Mangabey.jpg
Southern muriqui Brachyteles arachnoides1,300 [28] EN [28] Decrease2.svg [28] Brachyteles arachnoides.jpg
Black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor1,300–2,000 [29] CR [29] Decrease2.svg [29] White Cheeked Gibbon Male.jpg
Siau Island tarsier Tarsius tumpara1,358–12,470 [30] CR [30] Decrease2.svg [30] Amongst the world's top 25 most endangered primates. [30]
Golden bamboo lemur Hapalemur aureus1,479 [31] CR [31] Decrease2.svg [31] [31] Hapalemur aureus 001.jpg
Red slender loris Loris tardigradus1,500 [32] EN [32] Decrease2.svg [32] Loris tardigradus tardigradus 002.jpg
Sangihe tarsier Tarsius sangirensis1,505–2,795 [33] EN [33] Decrease2.svg [33] Population estimates are considered inconclusive. [33]
Zanzibar red colobus Procolobus kirkii2,000 [34] EN [34] Decrease2.svg [34] Maximum estimate. [34] Red Colobus 7.jpg
Black snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti2,000 [35] EN [35] Decrease2.svg [35] Maximum estimate; less than 1,000 mature organisms. [35] RhinopitecusBieti.jpg
François' langur Trachypithecus francoisi2,000–2,100 [36] EN [36] Decrease2.svg [36] Estimate for mature individuals. [36] Trachypithecus francoisi 3399.jpg
Pagai Island macaque Macaca pagensis2,100–3,700 [37] CR [37] Decrease2.svg [37] Numbered 15,000 in 1980. [37] Beruk Mentawai Macaca pagensis.JPG
Indochinese gray langur Trachypithecus crepusculus2,400–2,500 [38] EN [38] Decrease2.svg [38] Estimate for mature individuals. [38] Trachypithecus crepusculus, Indochinese grey langur - Loei Province (31109170388).jpg
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis2,500 [39] CR [39] Decrease2.svg [39] Estimates were for 2002 and showed a decline of over 50% in under ten years. [39] Hapalemur alaotrensis JJLM.JPG
Moor macaque Macaca maura3,000–5,000 [40] EN [40] Decrease2.svg [40] Male macaque maure (Macaca maura).jpg
Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia3,200 [41] EN [41] Steady2.svg [41] Minimum estimate; wild only. [41] In addition to these, there are about 490 golden lion tamarins in 150 zoos around the world. [42] Golden Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia.jpg
Lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus4,000 [43] EN [43] Decrease2.svg [43] Estimate is a maximum. [43] Bartaffe, Lion-tailed Macaque, (Macaca silenus) - Zoo Leipzig 02.jpg
Silvery gibbon Hylobates moloch4,000–4,500 [44] EN [44] Decrease2.svg [44] Silbergibbon mit Nachwuchs.jpg
Javan surili Presbytis comata5,000–12,000 [45] VU [45] |Decrease2.svg [45] Presbytis comata 53175454.jpg
Javan fuscous leaf monkeyPresbytis fredericae5,000–17,000 [46] VU [46] Decrease2.svg [46]
Gee's golden langur Trachypithecus geei6,000–6,500 [47] EN [47] Decrease2.svg [47] Estimate is for mature individuals. [47] Golden Langur.jpg
Eastern gorilla Gorilla beringei5,880 [33] CR [33] Decrease2.svg [33] Approximately 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas (G. b. graueri) [33] and 880 mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei). [48] I'm sooooo tired.jpg
Cotton-top tamarin Saguinus oedipus6,000 [49] CR [49] Decrease2.svg [49] Estimate for mature organisms is 2,000. [49] Saguinus oedipus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg
Golden-crowned sifaka Propithecus tattersalli6,000–10,000 [50] CR [50] Decrease2.svg [50] Propithecus tattersalli 001.jpg
Golden-headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas6,000–15,000 [51] EN [51] Decrease2.svg [51] Goldkopfloewenaeffchen1.jpg
Muna-buton macaque Macaca brunnescens6,221–18,435 [52] VU [52] |Decrease2.svg [52] Estimate is from 2007. [52]
Pig-tailed langur Simias concolor6,700–17,300 [53] EN [53] Decrease2.svg [53] Down from an estimated 26,000 in 1980. [53]
Gray-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps7,265 [54] CR [54] Decrease2.svg [54] Maximum population estimate is 7,265±2,268. [54]
Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii7,300 [55] CR [55] Decrease2.svg [55] Who you lookin' at%3F.jpg
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur Microcebus berthae8,000 [56] EN [56] Decrease2.svg [56] Estimate is a maximum. [56]
Natuna Island surili Presbytis natunae10,000 [57] VU [57] Decrease2.svg [57]
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset Callibella humilis10,000 [58] VU [58] Decrease2.svg [58]
Siberut langur Presbytis siberu11,014–27,439 [59] EN [59] Decrease2.svg [59] Population is for Siberut National Park. [59] Presbytis siberu imported from iNaturalist photo 71151959 on 21 November 2020.jpg
Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus15,000 [60] EN [60] Decrease2.svg [60] Population may be underestimated. [60] Portrait of a father.jpg
Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordonorum15,400 [61] EN [61] Decrease2.svg [61] Population may be overestimated. [61]
Northern giant mouse lemur Mirza zaza16,500–17,500 [62] VU [62] Decrease2.svg [62]
Siberut macaque Macaca siberu17,000–30,000 [63] VU [63] Decrease2.svg [63] Numbered 39,000 in 1980. [63]
Capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus18,600 [64] VU [64] Decrease2.svg [64] Trachypithecus pileatus.JPG
Nilgiri langur Trachypithecus johnii20,000 [65] VU [65] Decrease2.svg [65] Maximum estimate; mature individuals number less than 10,000. [65] Nilgiri Langur.JPG
Red-eared guenon Cercopithecus erythrotis20,000 [66] VU [66] Decrease2.svg [66] Minimum estimate. [66]
Kloss's gibbon Hylobates klossii20,000–25,000 [67] EN [67] Decrease2.svg [67]
Bonobo Pan paniscus29,500–50,000 [68] EN [68] Decrease2.svg [68] Population may be underestimated. [68] Pan paniscus (female).jpg
Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus47,000–73,000 [69] CR [69] Decrease2.svg [69] OrangutanP1.jpg
Heck's macaque Macaca hecki100,000 [70] VU [70] Decrease2.svg [70] Little is known about its populations. Estimate is for mature individuals only. [70]
Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata114,431 [71] LC Steady2.svg [72] Japanese Snow Monkey (Macaque) Mother Grooms Her Young.jpg
Tonkean macaque Macaca tonkeana150,000 [73] VU [73] Decrease2.svg [73] Macaca tonkeana groupe.jpg
Western gorilla Gorilla gorilla150,000–250,000 [74] CR [74] Decrease2.svg [74] Figures are considered an overestimation. [74] Western Lowland Gorilla at Bronx Zoo 2 cropped.jpg
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes172,700–299,700 [75] EN [75] Decrease2.svg [75] Gombe Stream NP Jungtier fressend.jpg
Booted macaque Macaca ochreata180,000 [76] VU [76] Decrease2.svg [76] Estimate is from 2001. [76] Macaca ochreata.jpg
Gelada Theropithecus gelada200,000 [77] LC [77] Decrease2.svg [77] Gelada-Pavian.jpg
Müller's Bornean gibbon Hylobates muelleri250,000–375,000 [78] EN [78] Decrease2.svg [78] MuellersGibbon.jpg
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis3,000,000 [79] EN [79] Decrease2.svg [79] Latest full estimation was made at the start of the 2000s. [79] 20171128 - Macaca fascicularis - Angkor Wat - 5686 DxO.jpg
Senegal bushbaby Galago senegalensis107,000,000 [80] LC [81]
Human Homo sapiens8,009,000,000 [82] LC [83] Increase2.svg [83] Akha cropped hires.JPG

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macaque</span> Genus of Old World monkeys

The macaques constitute a genus (Macaca) of gregarious Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. The 23 species of macaques inhabit ranges throughout Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Macaques are principally frugivorous, although their diet also includes seeds, leaves, flowers, and tree bark. Some species such as the long-tailed macaque will supplement their diets with small amounts of meat from shellfish, insects, and small mammals. On average, a southern pig-tailed macaque in Malaysia eats about 70 large rats each year. All macaque social groups are arranged around dominant matriarchs.

<i>Semnopithecus</i> Genus of Old World monkeys

Semnopithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species Semnopithecus entellus was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized.

<i>Trachypithecus</i> Genus of Old World monkeys

Trachypithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys containing species known as lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys. Their range is much of Southeast Asia.

<i>Presbytis</i> Genus of south-east Asian monkeys

Presbytis is a genus of Old World monkeys also known as langurs, leaf monkeys, or surilis. Members of the genus live in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra, Borneo, Java and smaller nearby islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White marmoset</span> Species of New World monkey

The white marmoset, or golden-white bare-ear marmoset, is a species of marmoset, a small monkey endemic to the Amazon rainforest in Pará, Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hose's langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

Hose's langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae endemic to the island of Borneo, including Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and East Malaysia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was first identified in Kutai National Park and Sangkulirang Peninsula, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 1985.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-crested Sumatran langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

The black-crested Sumatran langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to Sumatra in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas's langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

Thomas's langur, also known as the North Sumatran leaf monkey or Thomas's leaf monkey, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Its native names are reungkah in Acehnese and kedih in Alas. It can be found in Gunung Leuser National Park, where substantial populations exist in Ketambe and Bukit Lawang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dusky leaf monkey</span> Species of Old World monkey

The dusky leaf monkey, also known as the spectacled langur or the spectacled leaf monkey, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar and Thailand, and can occasionally be found in Singapore. During the day, these small, folivorous primates divide in sub-groups and forage for vegetation and fruit throughout the tropical forests. According to the IUCN, the dusky leaf monkey's population is declining due to habitat loss, poaching, and anthropogenic land use, which prompted the IUCN to classify the species as endangered in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siberut macaque</span> Species of Old World monkey

The Siberut macaque is a vulnerable species of macaque, which is endemic to Siberut Island in Indonesia. It was formerly considered conspecific with the Pagai Island macaque which is overall paler in color, but this arrangement was polyphyletic. Both were formerly considered subspecies of the southern pig-tailed macaque.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern brown howler</span> Subspecies of New World monkey

The northern brown howler is the type subspecies of the brown howler, native to Brazil. It is listed as critically endangered, with fewer than 250 individuals restricted to the vicinity of the Jequitinhonha River. The species feeds on fruits, flowers, and by preference immature leaves which are easier to digest than mature leaves; foraging for these foods in hillside habitats was shown to require more energy expenditure than in valley habitats.

<i>Tarsius</i> Genus of primates

Tarsius is a genus of tarsiers, small primates native to islands of Southeast Asia. Until 2010, all tarsier species were typically assigned to this genus, but a revision of the family Tarsiidae restored the generic status of Cephalopachus and created a new genus Carlito.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates</span> List of highly-endangered primate species

The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates is a list of highly endangered primate species selected and published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Primate Specialist Group (PSG), the International Primatological Society (IPS), Global Wildlife Conservation (GWC), and Bristol Zoological Society (BZS). The IUCN/SSC PSG worked with Conservation International (CI) to start the list in 2000, but in 2002, during the 19th Congress of the International Primatological Society, primatologists reviewed and debated the list, resulting in the 2002–2004 revision and the endorsement of the IPS. The publication was a joint project between the three conservation organizations until the 2012–2014 list when BZS was added as a publisher. The 2018–2020 list was the first time Conservation International was not among the publishers, replaced instead by GWC. The list has been revised every two years following the biannual Congress of the IPS. Starting with the 2004–2006 report, the title changed to "Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates". That same year, the list began to provide information about each species, including their conservation status and the threats they face in the wild. The species text is written in collaboration with experts from the field, with 60 people contributing to the 2006–2008 report and 85 people contributing to the 2008–2010 report. The 2004–2006 and 2006–2008 reports were published in the IUCN/SSC PSG journal Primate Conservation,, since then they have been published as independent publications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siberut langur</span> Species of monkey

The Siberut langur is a species of monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Mentawai langur, Presbytis potenziani but genetic analysis revealed that these are separate species. The Siberut langur is native to the island of Siberut in Indonesia. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Javan langur</span> Species of Old World monkey

The West Javan langur is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Trachypithecus auratus until it was elevated to a separate species by Roos and Groves. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Its range is restricted to the island of Java west of Jakarta. Its range is currently restricted to Ujung Kulon National Park, Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve and Muara Gembong due to industrial development, habitat fragmentation and the disconnection of protected areas. They are known to eat the leaves and fruits of Sonneratia in mangroves.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 Rawson, B.M.; Roos, C.; Nguyen, M.H.; Bleisch, W.; Geissmann, T.; Fan, P.F. (2020). "Nomascus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41642A17969578. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus poliocephalus: Rawson, B.M., Leonard, N., Covert, H. & Nadler, T.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39871A17959804 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39871a17959804.en .
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  6. 1 2 3 Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39803A17955321. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Heriniaina, R.; Hosnah, H.B.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18361A115573556. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 IUCN (2015-11-21). Trachypithecus delacouri: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Rawson, B.M. & Coudrat, C.N.Z.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22043A17958988 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t22043a17958988.en . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18360A115573359. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  10. 1 2 3 Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Duc, H.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H.; Ang, A. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19594A17944213. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Printes, R.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Alonso, A.C.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Callicebus barbarabrownae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39929A191703041. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39929A191703041.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  12. 1 2 3 Geissmann, T.; Momberg, F.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T13508501A17943490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  13. 1 2 3 IUCN (2015-11-23). Presbytis potenziani: Setiawan, A., Quinten, M, Cheyne, S., Traeholt, C. & Whittaker, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39815A17954456 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi: 10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39815a17954456.en . Accessed 27 July 2023.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Nascimento, A.T.A.; Ludwig, G.; Miranda, J.M.D.; Martins, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Leontopithecus caissara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T11503A192327024. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11503A192327024.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  15. ↑ Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; Bezerra, B.M.; Martins, A.B.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Fialho, M.S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Sapajus flavius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136253A192592928. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  16. ↑ Kurt Gron (July 22, 2010). "Greater bamboo lemur". Primate Info Net. Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Anandam, M.; Ahuja, V.; Kumara, H.N.; Molur, S. (2020). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39833A17943210. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  18. 1 2 3 Jerusalinsky, L.; Souza-Alves, J.P.; Ferrari, S.F. (2020). "Callicebus coimbrai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39954A17972422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  19. 1 2 3 Long, H.T.; Duc, H.; Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H. (2020). "Pygathrix cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39827A17941672. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39827A17941672.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Kumar, A.; Sinha, A.; Kumar, S. (2020). "Macaca munzala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136569A17948833. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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