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This article is a list of diseases of papaya (Carica papaya).
| The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline .(September 2023) |
| | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(September 2023) |
This article is a list of diseases of papaya (Carica papaya).
| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Bacterial canker | Erwinia sp. |
| Bacterial leaf spot | Pseudomonas caricapapayae |
| Bacterial wilt | Pseudomonas solanacearum |
| Papaya Bunchy Top Disease | Rickettsia |
| Erwinia decline | Erwinia sp. |
| Erwinia mushy canker | Erwinia sp. |
| Internal yellowing | Enterobacter cloacae |
| Purple stain | Erwinia herbicola |
| Miscellaneous diseases and disorders | |
|---|---|
| Algal leaf spot | Cephaleuros virescens |
| Bumpy fruit | Boron deficiency |
| Freckles | Physiological |
| Nivum Haamir dieback | Unknown cause |
| Nematodes, parasitic | |
|---|---|
| Reniform nematode | |
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne incognita |
| Phytoplasmal diseases | |
|---|---|
| Dieback | Phytoplasma |
| Yellow crinkle | Phytoplasma |
| Viral and viroid diseases | |
|---|---|
| Apical necrosis | Papaya apical necrosis virus |
| Droopy necrosis | Papaya droopy necrosis virus |
| Feather leaf | Unknown virus |
| Leaf curl | Virus suspected |
| Mosaic | Papaya mosaic virus |
| Papaya ringspot | Papaya ringspot virus |
| Papaya lethal yellowing | Papaya lethal yellowing virus |
| Spotted wilt | Tomato spotted wilt virus |
| Sticky disease ('meleira') | Papaya meleira virus complex |
| Terminal necrosis and wilt | Tobacco ringspot virus |
The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and Central America. It is grown in several countries in regions with a tropical climate. In 2022, India produced 38% of the world's supply of papayas.
Agricultural biotechnology, also known as agritech, is an area of agricultural science involving the use of scientific tools and techniques, including genetic engineering, molecular markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and tissue culture, to modify living organisms: plants, animals, and microorganisms. Crop biotechnology is one aspect of agricultural biotechnology which has been greatly developed upon in recent times. Desired trait are exported from a particular species of Crop to an entirely different species. These transgene crops possess desirable characteristics in terms of flavor, color of flowers, growth rate, size of harvested products and resistance to diseases and pests.
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research. In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer and other diseases, such as infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
Green papaya salad is a spicy salad made from shredded unripe papaya. It is generally believed to have been created by the Lao people and is considered one of the national dishes of Laos. Green papaya salad is also popular in neighbouring Thailand's Isan region, whose population is mainly composed of ethnic Lao and from where it spread to the rest of Thailand known as som tam. Green papaya salad has also spread to the rest of the continental Southeast Asia, as well as Xishuangbanna (China).
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease enzyme present in papaya and mountain papaya. It is the namesake member of the papain-like protease family.
The mountain papaya also known as mountain pawpaw, papayuelo, chamburo, or simply "papaya" is a species of the genus Vasconcellea, native to the Andes of northwestern South America from Colombia south to central Chile, typically growing at altitudes of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft).
Oidium is a genus of Deuteromycetes, where traditionally most anamorphs of the order Erysiphales are included. Most of them are plant pathogens causing different forms of powdery mildew, for example:
Gray's Papaya is a hot dog restaurant located at 2090 Broadway at 72nd Street in New York City. It had other locations, all of which had closed by June 2020. Gray's Papaya is famous for its inexpensive high-quality hot dogs, considered among the best in New York City. They once sold for 50 cents each and, as of 2024, sell for $3.25.
Phytophthora palmivora is an oomycete that causes bud-rot of palms, fruit-rot or kole-roga of coconut and areca nut. These are among the most serious diseases caused by fungi and moulds in South India. It occurs almost every year in Malnad, Mysore, North & South Kanara, Malabar and other areas. Similar diseases of palms are also known to occur in Sri Lanka, Mauritius, and Sumatra. The causative organism was first identified as P. palmivora by Edwin John Butler in 1917.
Cercospora is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Most species have no known sexual stage, and when the sexual stage is identified, it is in the genus Mycosphaerella. Most species of this genus cause plant diseases, and form leaf spots. It is a relatively well-studied genus of fungi, but there are countless species not yet described, and there is still much to learn about the best-known members of the genus.
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a pathogenic plant virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae which primarily infects the papaya tree.
Asperisporium caricae is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen, found in North and South America. It is responsible for the black spot disease on papaya trees. It affects generally leaves and fruits at any time. Sporodochia of Asperisporium caricae was growing under side of leaf, dark blackish brown to black, stroma well-developed, erumpent.
Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. AltMV belongs to the virus genus Potexvirus and the virus family Alphaflexiviridae.
Chymopapain is a proteolytic enzyme isolated from the latex of papaya. It is a cysteine protease which belongs to the papain-like protease (PLCP) group. Because of its proteolytic activity, it is the main molecule in the process of chemonucleolysis, used in some procedures like the treatment of herniated lower lumbar discs in the spine by a nonsurgical method.
Kundang or Pengkalan Kundang is an area in Gombak District, Selangor, Malaysia. Kundang is used to be agricultural village. But now, it is one of the modern villages in the state with its own highway, LATAR. Bandar Tasik Puteri, Pekan Kundang, Bandar Rawang is the nearest town from the village. Farming and related activities constitute the core economic drivers of this pastoral village. It comes under Selayang Parliament constituency, and falls into the jurisdiction of Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS).
Caricain is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: Hydrolysis of proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, similar to those of papain and chymopapain
Papaya Lethal Yellowing Virus (PLYV) is an isometric viral plant pathogen, tentatively assigned to the genus Sobemovirus, that causes lethal yellowing disease of the papaya plant.
Papaya Bunchy Top Disease was first discovered in 1931 in Puerto Rico. Early on, the identity of the pathogen was highly contested due to the inability of isolating it; thus Koch’s postulates could not be fulfilled. Scientists have previously believed that Papaya Bunchy Top Disease was caused by a virus, a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO), or a phytoplasma, but these possible pathogens have since been disproven. Since the identity of the pathogen was unknown, all diagnoses were given solely based on a list of commonly associated symptoms. Through sequencing and microscopy, scientists identified the pathogen to be a part of the genus Rickettsia in 1996. The bacterium is described as being rod-shaped, small, gram-negative, and laticifer-inhibiting. Rickettsia causes diseases in animals, such as typhus and spotted fever, as well as in other plants, such as phony disease of peach and almond leaf scorch. Papaya Bunchy Top is found throughout the American tropics and has been economically important due to its major impact on fruit production. There is little information about the current economic impact.
Erwinia papayae is a bacteria species causing bacterial crown rot, or bacterial canker, a noteworthy and grave disease of papaya.
Papaya leaf curl virus(PaLCuV) is a DNA virus from the genus Begomovirus and the family Geminiviridae. PaLCuV causes severe disease in papaya (Carica papaya), but can sometimes infect other crops such as tobacco or tomato. It can be found in tropical and subtropical regions primarily in India, but closely related species have also been detected in countries such as China, Malaysia, Nigeria and South Korea. This virus is transmitted by an insect vector from the family Aleyrodidae and order Hemiptera, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. PaLCuV has been responsible for several epidemics and causes severe economic losses. Because of the broad diversity of these viruses, their characterization and control remains difficult.