This is a list of notable organizations that promote or practice scientific skepticism .
Name (English / local (abbreviation)) | Founded | Region served | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Association against Quackery / Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (VtdK) | 1881 | Netherlands | Oldest skeptical organisation. [1] Member of ECSO.[ citation needed ] |
Association for Skeptical Enquiry (ASKE) | 1997 | United Kingdom | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Australian Skeptics | 1980 | Australia | |
Center for Inquiry (CFI) | 1991 | World | Global umbrella organisation based in Amherst, New York. |
Committee for the Advancement of Scientific Skepticism (CASS) | 2010 | Canada | Part of Centre for Inquiry Canada. |
Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), formerly Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) | 1976 | United States | Part of the Center for Inquiry. |
Committee Para / Comité Para [3] | 1949 | Belgium | Member of ECSO. [2] Serves Wallonia and Brussels. |
Czech Skeptics Club Sisyfos / Český klub skeptiků Sisyfos (Sisyfos) | 1995 | Czech Republic | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Dakshina Kannada Rationalist Association / தட்சிண கன்னட பகுத்தறிவாளர் ஒன்றியம் (DKRA) | 1976 | India | Member of FIRA. |
The Free Thought / De Vrije Gedachte (DVG) | 1856 | Netherlands | Focuses on atheism/secular humanism. [4] |
Edinburgh Skeptics Society (EdSkeptics) | 2009 | United Kingdom | |
European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO) | 1994 | Europe | A European umbrella organization, based in Roßdorf, Germany. |
Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations / இந்திய பகுத்தறிவாளர் ஒன்றியங்களின் பேரவை (FIRA) | 1997 | India | Indian umbrella organisation. |
Freedom From Religion Foundation (FFRF) | 1978 | United States | Focuses on state/church separation, nontheism, and atheism. |
French Association for Scientific Information / Association française pour l’information scientifique (AFIS) | 1968 [5] | France | Member of ECSO. [2] |
German Society for Fighting Quackery / Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung des Kurpfuschertums (DGBK) | 1903 | Germany | Dissolved in 1934. |
Glasgow Skeptics | 2009 | United Kingdom | |
Good Thinking Society | 2012 | United Kingdom | |
Het Denkgelag | 2012 | Belgium | |
Hungarian Skeptic Society / Szkeptikus Társaság (HSS) | 2006 | Hungary | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Independent Investigations Group (IIG) | 2000 | United States | |
Indian CSICOP | 19?? | India | Affiliated with CSI, member of FIRA. |
Indian Rationalist Association (IRA) | 1949 | India | Member of Rationalist International. |
Irish Skeptics Society | 2002 | Ireland | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims of the Pseudosciences / Comitato Italiano per il Controllo delle Affermazioni sulle Pseudoscienze (CICAP) | 1989 | Italy | Member of ECSO. [2] |
James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) | 1996 | United States | |
Launceston Skeptics | 2010 | Australia | |
Maharashtra Committee for Eradication of Blind Faith / Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (MANS) | 1989 | India | Member of FIRA. |
Merseyside Skeptics Society (MSS) | 2009 | United Kingdom | |
MTÜ Eesti Skeptik (skeptik.ee) | 2007 | Estonia | |
New England Skeptical Society (NESS) | 1996 | United States | Fusion of three earlier organisations. |
New Mexicans for Science and Reason (NMSR) | 1990 | United States | |
New Zealand Skeptics [6] (NZ Skeptics) | 1986 | New Zealand | |
Office for Science and Society (OSS) | 1999 | Canada | McGill University, Montreal. |
Philippine Atheists and Agnostics Society (PATAS) | 2011 | Philippines | |
Polish Skeptics Club / Klub Sceptyków Polskich (KSP) [7] [8] | 2010 | Poland | |
Portuguese Skeptical Community / Comunidade Céptica Portuguesa (COMCEPT) | 2012 | Portugal | |
Rational Alternative to Pseudoscience – Society for the Advancement of Critical Thinking / Alternativa Racional a las Pseudociencias – Sociedad para el Avance del Pensamiento Crítico (ARP-SAPC) | 1986 | Spain | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Rationalist Union / Union Rationaliste | 1930 | France | |
Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS) | 2006 | UK & US | The American and British branches are independent. |
Science and Popular Enlightenment / Föreningen Vetenskap och Folkbildning (VoF) | 1982 | Sweden | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Science and Rationalists' Association of India / Bharatiya Bigyan O Yuktibadi Samiti | 1985 | India | Based in Kolkata, West Bengal. |
SKEPP [9] | 1990 | Belgium | Member of ECSO. [2] Serves Flanders and Brussels. |
Skepsis ry | 1987 | Finland | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Skepsis Foundation / Stichting Skepsis (Skepsis) | 1987 | Netherlands | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Skeptical Circle / Círculo Escéptico (CE) | 2006 | Spain | Member of ECSO. [2] |
Skeptic Society / Общество скептиков [10] | 2013 [11] | Russia | |
Skeptics in the Pub Online | 2020 | United Kingdom / World | |
Society for the Scientific Investigation of Parasciences / Gesellschaft zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften (GWUP) | 1987 | D-A-CH | Based in Roßdorf, Germany. Member of ECSO. [2] |
The Skeptics Society | 1992 | United States | Globally active, but mainly serves California. |
Young Australian Skeptics (YAS) | 2008 | Australia | |
Young Skeptics | 2015 | US | American after school program. |
The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), formerly known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), is a program within the US non-profit organization Center for Inquiry (CFI), which seeks to "promote scientific inquiry, critical investigation, and the use of reason in examining controversial and extraordinary claims." Paul Kurtz proposed the establishment of CSICOP in 1976 as an independent non-profit organization, to counter what he regarded as an uncritical acceptance of, and support for, paranormal claims by both the media and society in general. Its philosophical position is one of scientific skepticism. CSI's fellows have included notable scientists, Nobel laureates, philosophers, psychologists, educators and authors. It is headquartered in Amherst, New York.
Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American general-audience magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) with the subtitle: The Magazine for Science and Reason.
Scientific skepticism or rational skepticism, sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry, is a position in which one questions the veracity of claims lacking empirical evidence. In practice, the term most commonly references the examination of claims and theories that appear to be beyond mainstream science, rather than the routine discussions and challenges among scientists. Scientific skepticism differs from philosophical skepticism, which questions humans' ability to claim any knowledge about the nature of the world and how they perceive it, and the similar but distinct methodological skepticism, which is a systematic process of being skeptical about the truth of one's beliefs.
The Skeptics Society is a nonprofit, member-supported organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs. The Skeptics Society was co-founded by Michael Shermer and Pat Linse as a Los Angeles-area skeptical group to replace the defunct Southern California Skeptics. After the success of its magazine, Skeptic, introduced in early 1992, it became a national and then international organization. The stated mission of Skeptics Society and Skeptic magazine "is the investigation of science and pseudoscience controversies, and the promotion of critical thinking."
The New England Skeptical Society (NESS) is an American organization dedicated to promoting science and reason. It was founded in January 1996 as the Connecticut Skeptical Society, by Steven Novella, Perry DeAngelis and Bob Novella. The group later joined with the Skeptical Inquirers of New England (SINE) and the New Hampshire Skeptical Resource to form the New England Skeptical Society. The society publishes The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, a science and skepticism podcast.
CICAP is an Italian, non-profit, skeptic educational organization, founded in 1989. CICAP's main goal is to promote a scientific and critical investigation of pseudosciences, the paranormal, so-called mysteries and the unusual, with the aim of encouraging a more scientific attitude and critical thinking.
The Irish Skeptics Society (ISS) is a scientific skeptical organisation based in Ireland. It was launched in December 2002 and publishes a newsletter called Skeptical Times. The ISS is a member of the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO).
Skepsis ry or the Finnish Association of Skeptics is a Finnish scientific skepticism organization founded in 1987.
The Hungarian Skeptic Society (HSS) is a skeptic organisation based in Hungary. Founded in 2006, it has been a member of the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO) since 2007. Its former president, Gábor Hraskó was also chairman of ECSO from 2013 to 2017. The current president, András Gábor Pintér who has been a board member of ECSO since 2017, is also the initiator, producer & co-host of the European Skeptics Podcast.
Sharon A. Hill is an American science writer and speaker known for her research into the interaction between science and the public, focusing on education and media topics. Hill's research has dealt mainly with paranormal, pseudoscience, and strange natural phenomena and began at the University at Buffalo, where she performed her graduate work in this area. Hill attended Pennsylvania State University, earning her Bachelor of Science degree in geosciences and working as a Pennsylvania geologist.
The Comité Para, in full Comité belge pour l'Analyse Critique des parasciences, is a Francophone Belgian skeptical non-profit organisation. Founded in 1949, the Comité Para regards itself as the originator of the modern skeptical movement. The group's motto is Ne rien nier a priori, ne rien affirmer sans preuve.
The European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO) is an umbrella of skeptical organisations in Europe.
Scientific skepticism is the practice of questioning whether claims are supported by empirical research and have reproducibility, as part of a methodological norm pursuing "the extension of certified knowledge". Scientific skepticism, or skepticism for short, manifests itself since the 20th century as a societal phenomenon involving several individuals and more or less organised groups through several different media, commonly referred to as "the skeptical movement". This is a compilation of the various lists about skepticism with articles in Wikipedia.
The Association for Skeptical Enquiry (ASKE) is a skeptical organisation in the United Kingdom.
European Skeptics Congresses (ESCs) – a series of congresses now supported by the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO), in which skeptical organisations from many different European countries participate. They have been held ever since 1989. The conferences are often held in the month of September, and may last from two up to four days. The ECSO was formed at the 6th ESC on 25 September 1994 in Ostend, Belgium. Since its foundation, the ECSO co-ordinates in the organisation of new ESCs that take place every other year, and is hosted by a different member organisation each time. Skeptical organisations that are non-ECSO members may also send their delegations. Past ESCs are enumerated below.
Klub Sceptyków Polskich or KSP is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation actively engaged in the promotion of critical thinking, scientific skepticism and scientific methods. It unites scientists and people interested in science and scientific research in Poland.
The Círculo Escéptico is a Spanish rationalist nonprofit organisation, which seeks to scientifically question paranormal claims, pseudoscience and superstition, favouring critical thinking and scientific skepticism.
Český klub skeptiků Sisyfos is a Czech skeptical nonprofit organisation founded in 1994 and headquartered in Prague. Its primary goal and mission is to spread and defend the findings and results of contemporary science, to promote rational, critical thinking, to acquaint the public with the principles of scientific method, to speak out against the spread of paranormal ideas and unproven procedures, to ensure that universities, scientific societies and institutions are actively responsible for defending science and critical thinking, to investigate controversies and false claims, to provide assistance to citizens in protecting against fraudulent products and ineffective or dangerous alternative medicine products and healing methods. In line with mission and goals, the club refuses to interfere with religious, moral and political issues.