List of string figures

Last updated

The following is a list of string figures , various figures which can be made using a loop of string, and which occur in games such as cat's cradle. Most of the titles are translations and/or descriptions.

Contents

Format

Explanation of the format of these listings:

List

"Opening A", seen from below Opeinga.jpg
"Opening A", seen from below
"Two Diamonds" Osage Two Diamonds Jayne Fig 56.jpg
"Two Diamonds"
Heraklas' "Plinthios Brokhos" made in a doubled cord. Resembles "A Hole in the Tree" with different crossings. Heraklas Plinthios Brokhos Jaw Sling.jpg
Heraklas' "Plinthios Brokhos" made in a doubled cord. Resembles "A Hole in the Tree" with different crossings.
"Cradle", the first (and opening) position of Cat's cradle Cats-cradle.svg
"Cradle", the first (and opening) position of Cat's cradle
"Soldier's Bed" from Cat's cradle T`elakhagh 4.png
"Soldier's Bed" from Cat's cradle
"Candles" from Cat's cradle T`elakhagh 6.png
"Candles" from Cat's cradle
"Diamonds" from Cat's cradle T`elakhagh 11.png
"Diamonds" from Cat's cradle
"Cat's Eye" from Cat's cradle T`elakhagh 13.png
"Cat's Eye" from Cat's cradle
"Fish in a Dish" from Cat's cradle T`elakhagh 15.png
"Fish in a Dish" from Cat's cradle
"Grandfather Clock" from Cat's cradle T`elakhagh 18.png
"Grandfather Clock" from Cat's cradle
Women's string-figure depicting "menstrual blood of three women", illustrating the YolNGu people's tribal mythology of menstrual synchrony. String figure.tiff
Women's string-figure depicting "menstrual blood of three women", illustrating the Yolŋu people's tribal mythology of menstrual synchrony.
Inuit string figures reindeer, wolf, and pig Inuit Fadenspiel.jpg
Inuit string figures reindeer, wolf, and pig

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Micronesia</span> Subregion of Oceania

Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: Maritime Southeast Asia to the west, Polynesia to the east, and Melanesia to the south—as well as with the wider community of Austronesian peoples.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pacific Islander</span> Person from the Pacific Islands

Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the Pacific Islands. As an ethnic/racial term, it is used to describe the original peoples—inhabitants and diasporas—of any of the three major subregions of Oceania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">String figure</span> Artistic design made with string

A string figure is a design formed by manipulating string on, around, and using one's fingers or sometimes between the fingers of multiple people. String figures may also involve the use of the mouth, wrist, and feet. They may consist of singular images or be created and altered as a game, known as a string game, or as part of a story involving various figures made in sequence. String figures have also been used for divination, such as to predict the sex of an unborn child.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bullroarer</span> Musical instrument

The bullroarer, rhombus, or turndun, is an ancient ritual musical instrument and a device historically used for communicating over great distances. It consists of a piece of wood attached to a string, which when swung in a large circle produces a roaring vibration sound.

The Mabuyag are an Indigenous Australian group of Torres Strait Islander people united by a common language, strong ties of kinship and survived as skilled hunter–fisher–gatherers and horticulturalists in family groups or clans living on and around Mabuiag Island, in Torres Strait in Queensland, Australia. They are ethnically Melanesian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lavalava</span> Rectangular clothing traditionally worn by Oceanic peoples

A lavalava, sometime written as lava-lava, also known as an 'ie, short for 'ie lavalava, is an article of daily clothing traditionally worn by Polynesians and other Oceanic peoples. It consists of a single rectangular cloth worn similarly to a wraparound skirt or kilt. The term lavalava is both singular and plural in the Samoan language.

European exploration and settlement of Oceania began in the 16th century, starting with the Spanish (Castilian) landings and shipwrecks in the Mariana Islands, east of the Philippines. This was followed by the Portuguese landing and settling temporarily in some of the Caroline Islands and Papua New Guinea. Several Spanish landings in the Caroline Islands and New Guinea came after. Subsequent rivalry between European colonial powers, trade opportunities and Christian missions drove further European exploration and eventual settlement. After the 17th century Dutch landings in New Zealand and Australia, with no settlement in these lands, the British became the dominant colonial power in the region, establishing settler colonies in what would become Australia and New Zealand, both of which now have majority European-descended populations. States including New Caledonia (Caldoche), Hawaii, French Polynesia and Norfolk Island also have considerable European populations. Europeans remain a primary ethnic group in much of Oceania, both numerically and economically.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caroline Furness Jayne</span> American ethnologist (1873–1909)

Caroline Augusta Furness Jayne was an American ethnologist who published the first book on string figures in 1906 titled String Figures: A Study of Cat's Cradle in Many Lands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Cort Haddon</span> British anthropologist

Alfred Cort Haddon, Sc.D., FRS, FRGS FRAI was an influential British anthropologist and ethnologist. Initially a biologist, who achieved his most notable fieldwork, with W.H.R. Rivers, C.G. Seligman and Sidney Ray on the Torres Strait Islands. He returned to Christ's College, Cambridge, where he had been an undergraduate, and effectively founded the School of Anthropology. Haddon was a major influence on the work of the American ethnologist Caroline Furness Jayne.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saibai Island</span> Suburb of Torres Strait Island Region, Queensland, Australia

Saibai Island, commonly called Saibai, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located in the Torres Strait of Queensland, Australia. The island is situated north of the Australian mainland and south of the island of New Guinea. The island is a locality within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area. The town of Saibai is located on the north-west coast of the island. According to the 2016 census, Saibai Island had a population of 465 people.

The International String Figure Association is not-for-profit organization for the preservation, dissemination, and creation of string figures. The association was founded in Japan in 1978 by mathematician Hiroshi Noguchi and Anglican missionary Philip Noble, and is now run by Mark Sherman out of California. Members have included Honor Maude. ISFA publishes the Bulletin of the International String Figure Association annually, ISFA News semi-annually, and String Figure Magazine quarterly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John T. Arundel</span> Guano and copra entrepreneur

John T. Arundel was an English entrepreneur who was instrumental in the development of the mining of phosphate rock on the Pacific islands of Nauru and Banaba. Williams & Macdonald (1985) described J. T. Arundel as "a remarkable example of that mid-Victorian phenomenon, the upright, pious and adventurous Christian English businessman."

The Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust (NPRT) was a sovereign wealth fund developed by the government of the Republic of Nauru in which the government invested money from the state-owned mining company, Nauru Phosphate Corporation. This money was then re-invested in a real estate portfolio, among other things, to provide the government with a reliable national income following the depletion of minable phosphates on the island. Although at one time successful, mismanagement and corruption later essentially bankrupted the fund, thus virtually bankrupting the entire Republic.

Honor Courtney Maude was a British-Australian authority on Oceanic string figures, having published Maude & Maude 1958, Maude & Wedgewood 1967, Firth & Maude 1970, Maude 1971, Maude 1978, Emory & Maude 1979, Maude 1984, and Beaglehole & Maude 1989. Maude was a charter member of the International String Figure Association in 1978.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nauru reed warbler</span> Passerine bird endemic to the Pacific island of Nauru

The Nauru reed warbler is a passerine bird endemic to the island of Nauru in the Pacific Ocean. It is one of only two native breeding land-birds on Nauru and it is the only passerine found on the island. It is related to other Micronesian reed warblers, all of which evolved from one of several radiations of the genus across the Pacific. Related warblers on nearby islands include the Caroline reed warbler, with which the Nauru species was initially confused, and the nightingale reed warbler, which was formerly sometimes considered the same species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Henry Furness III</span> American ethnographer and explorer (1867–1920)

William Henry Furness III was an American physician, ethnographer and author from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He made multiple trips to the South Pacific, and was among the first to study and photograph the Kayan people of Borneo and the Wa'ab people on the island of Yap.

Mua people (Mualgal) alternatively the Moa, are an Indigenous Australian Torres Strait Island people based on Moa. According to Alfred Cort Haddon their lifestyle, culture, myths and kinship networks overlapped closely with those of the Kaurareg on neighbouring Muralag, while also forming an integral part, linguistically and culturally, with all Western and Central Island peoples of Torres Strait.

<i>Hermatobates</i> Genus of true bugs

Hermatobates is a genus of wingless marine bugs placed as the sole genus in the family Hermatobatidae that are sometimes known as coral-treaders. They are quite rare and known only from coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. During low tide, they move over the water surface not unlike the more familiar water-striders around coral atolls and reefs and stay submerged in reef crevices during high tide.

References

The list includes all figures from Elffers & Schuyt (1979), Gryski (1983) and (1985), ISFA (1999), and Jayne (1962).

  1. ↑ Knight, C. (1995). Blood Relations: Menstruation and the Origins of Culture. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 445. Figure re-drawn after McCarthy, F. D. (1960). "The string figures of Yirrkalla". In Mountford, C. P. (ed.). Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition in Arnhem Land. Anthropology and Nutrition. Vol. 2. Melbourne University Press. pp. 415–513 [466].
  2. ↑ Heinrich Klutschak (1881). Als Eskimo unter den Eskimos. Vienna.
  3. ↑ Jayne, Caroline Furness (1906/1962), String Figures and How to Make Them , p.xix. ISBN   0-486-20152-X. Collected by Klutschak from old men in King William Land.
  4. 1 2 3 Elffers, Joost and Schuyt, Michael (1979). Cat's Cradle and Other String Figures, p.196. Translation of Das Hexenspiel (1978). ISBN   0140052011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????).
  6. ↑ International String Figure Association (ISFA) (1996/1999). Fascinating String Figures, p.75. ISBN   0486404005. Invented by Felix Paturi in Rodenbach, Germany.
  7. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: Antares", ISFA.org. Collected by Honor Maude in Nauru.
  8. 1 2 3 Jayne (1962), p.12. Collected by Jayne from a girl in New Mexico (1904).
  9. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.88.
  10. ↑ Jayne (1906), p.12-15.
  11. ↑ Gryski, Camilla (1983). Cat's Cradle, Owl's Eyes: A Book of String Games, p.58. ISBN   0-688-03941-3.
  12. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.246. Collected by Jayne from an Apache woman, Darcia Tafoya, in Jicarilla, New Mexico (1904).
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????).
  14. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.133. Collected by Jayne from Zah Tso & sister (1904).
  15. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.21. Collected by Daniel Sutherland Davidson in Northern Australia (????).
  16. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.43 & 46. Collected by Jayne from a, "young man," in the Vietnamese section at the St. Louis Expo (1904).
  17. 1 2 Averkieva, Julia and Sherman, Mark (1992). Kwakiutl String Figures, p.12. ISBN   029597172X.
  18. ↑ Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.13 and 10.
  19. ↑ Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.11.
  20. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.52.
  21. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.314. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al (1904).
  22. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.212. Collected by Jayne from Tso and sister (1904).
  23. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.. Collected by Jayne from Chief Zaroff (1904).
  24. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.301 & 307. Collected by John L. Cox in Hampton, Virginia from a Pueblo Indian, Antonio Abeita, from Isleta, New Mexico and from Emma Jackson (????), also Culin.
  25. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.84.
  26. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.219. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904).
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????).
  28. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.136. With story.
  29. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.195. Collected by Haddon, published first by Jayne.
  30. 1 2 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.185.
  31. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.124. Collected by Dr. Boas in Baffin Land.
  32. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.142. Collected by W.H. Furness from Emily on their way to the Caroline Islands (1902).
  33. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.260. Collected by Furness from a woman, Emily, in the Caroline Islands (????).
  34. 1 2 3 4 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.200.
  35. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.131. Collected but not published by Haddon.
  36. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.27. Collected by Peter H. Buck in the South Pacific (????).
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Gryski (1983), p.63.
  38. 1 2 Buchanan, Andrea J. and Peskowitz, Miriam (2007). The Daring Book for Girls, p.277. ISBN   978-0-06-147257-2.
  39. ↑ Jayne, C. F. (1906/1962), p.324.
  40. ↑ Anderson, John P. (2010). Joyce's Finnegans Wake: The Curse of Kabbalah, Volume 4, p.301. ISBN   978-1-59942-810-9.
  41. ↑ Elffers and Schuyt (1979), p.27.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100.
  43. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.34.
  44. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: Chochaio Bird", ISFA.org. Collected by Father Raymund (????).
  45. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.146. Collected by Furness from Emily on their way to the Caroline Islands (1902).
  46. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.24. Collected by Johannes Carl Andersen in New Zealand (????).
  47. 1 2 3 4 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.204.
  48. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.176. Collected by Furness, from Lemet, a Uap Mispil , in Dulukan (????).
  49. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.393.
  50. 1 2 3 Gryski (1983), p.18.
  51. 1 2 3 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.31.
  52. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.30. Collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River B.C. on the Jesup North Pacific Expedition (1897–1902). Upside down compared to "Cup and Saucer".
  53. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.20.
  54. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.28.
  55. 1 2 3 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.182.
  56. 1 2 3 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.148.
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gryski (1983), p.40.
  58. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.24. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904), also exists in Hawaii.
  59. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: King's Crown", ISFA.org. Collected by Erik Kaas Nielsen from a sixth grade student, Susanne Nielsen, at Brøndbyvester School, Copenhagen (1965).
  60. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.59. Collected by Diamond Jenness in Canada (????).
  61. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.345. Collected by Dr. S. Levinstein from traveling Dravidians in Leipzig (????).
  62. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Drunken Tree", ISFA.org. Collected by Isabel Balducci in Gran Chaco, Argentina (????).
  63. ↑ Gryski (1985). Many Stars and More String Games, p.20. ISBN   0688057926.
  64. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.55. Collected by Raul Martinez-Crovetto in Norther Patagonia, Argentina (????).
  65. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.16. Collected by Dr. Haddon on the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition (1898), see Rivers and Haddon (1902, p.150).
  66. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.320. Collected by Furness from a boy, Gumaun, in the Caroline Islands (????). Collected by Haddon in the Torres Straits (1898).
  67. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.26.
  68. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.138.
  69. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.346. Collected Jayne from a Chippewa Chief at the St. Louis Expo (1904), and by Furness from a Yap boy (1902).
  70. ↑ Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.7.
  71. 1 2 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.188.
  72. 1 2 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.187.
  73. ↑ Rivers and Haddon (1902), p.149, fig.1. Cited in Jayne (1962), p.32.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gryski (1983), p.22.
  75. 1 2 3 4 Jayne (1962), p.32. Salish collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River (1897–1902), Clayoquaht by Haddon at St. Louis Exposition (1904), Zuni by Stewart Culin in New Mexico (????).
  76. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.42.
  77. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Flower", ISFA.org. Collected by Will Wirt from a student at Navajo Mountain High School, Utah (????).
  78. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.54.
  79. 1 2 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.38.
  80. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.348. Collected by Haddon (????).
  81. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.75.
  82. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.66. Collected by G.B. Gordon in King Island (first print in Jayne 1906).
  83. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.32.
  84. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.76.
  85. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.85. Collected by Haddon from a native from Lifu in Mabuiag (????)
  86. 1 2 Gryski (1985), p.36 & 38.
  87. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.88.
  88. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.89. Collected by Rivers & Haddon in Saguane (????).
  89. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.394.
  90. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: Giraffe Eating Grass", ISFA.org. Invented by Kazuo Kamiya of Saitama, Japan.
  91. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.29. Collected by James Hornell in Zanzibar Island (????).
  92. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.53.
  93. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.339. Collected by Jayne from Linao Moro and Negrito Filipinos (1904) and by Furness from Dakofel in the Caroline Islands (????).
  94. 1 2 3 Jayne (1962), p.371. Collected without instructions by Dr. Boas in Cumberland Sound.
  95. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.118.
  96. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.156.
  97. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.47.
  98. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.110.
  99. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.200. Collected by Furness from a boy in West Carolines (1902).
  100. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Hunter Stalking a Seal", ISFA.org. Collected by Guy Mary-Rousselière in Pelly Bay, Nunavut, Canada (????).
  101. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.32.
  102. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.24.
  103. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.186.
  104. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.48 & 50.
  105. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.39. Collected by Haddon in Torres Straits (????).
  106. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.183.
  107. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.93.
  108. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.44.
  109. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.130.
  110. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.18.
  111. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195.
  112. 1 2 3 4 5 Jayne (1962), p.116. Collected by Haddon from a part European/African/Cherokee Pullman porter (????) and by John L. Cox from an Onondaga Indian, Charles Doxon (????).
  113. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.30.
  114. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.120.
  115. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197.
  116. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.216. Collected by Haddon in Chicago (1901).
  117. 1 2 Gryski (1983), p.48.
  118. ↑ Jayne (1906), front matter.
  119. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.295. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????).
  120. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.233. Collected by Haddon in the Torres Straits (1904).
  121. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.291. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????).
  122. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.34. Tradition, described by Hiroshi Noguchi of Tokyo (????).
  123. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.230. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904).
  124. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.184.
  125. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.391.
  126. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.184. Collected by Jayne from Zah Tso & sister (1904).
  127. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.44.
  128. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.81.
  129. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.192. Collected by Haddon (????), published first by Jayne with chant.
  130. 1 2 Gryski (1983), p.56-7.
  131. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.51.
  132. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.122.
  133. 1 2 3 Jayne (1962), p.48, 53, & 66. Also Haddon (1903). Collected by Haddon from, "two old Navajo men," in Chicago (1901).
  134. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.121.
  135. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.253. Collected by Furness from a woman, Lemet, in the Caroline Islands (1902).
  136. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.54 & 55. Collected by Jayne from two girls, Zah Tso and her sister, from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904).
  137. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.56. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904), also Culin.
  138. 1 2 3 Jayne (1962), p.58, 60, & 64. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904).
  139. 1 2 3 4 Jayne (1962), p.69, 74, 79, & 82. Collected by John L. Cox from a Klamath Indian from Oregon, Emma Jackson, in Hampton, Virginia (????).
  140. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.209. Collected by John L. Cox from Wallace Springer (????).
  141. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.40.
  142. 1 2 3 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.194.
  143. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: Moe Hora Hia", ISFA.org. Collected by Kenneth Emory in Polynesia (????).
  144. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.36.
  145. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.46.
  146. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.12.
  147. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.78.
  148. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.340. Collected by Jayne from Batwa, Negrito, Linao Moros, Chippewa, Osage, Navajo, and Apache. Collected by Haddon from the Omaha and Japanese, and in Torres Straits (????). It is also known to the Irish, Wajiji, and Alaskan Inuit.
  149. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.44-5.
  150. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.282. Collected by Jayne from an Inuit man from Alaska, Chief Zaroff, at the St. Louis Expo (1904).
  151. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.38.
  152. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.25.
  153. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: Naio Tree", ISFA.org. Collected by Lyle Dickey in Hawaii (????).
  154. ↑ Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.xxxi.
  155. 1 2 ISFA (1999), p.52. Wheelbarrow: invented by Carey C.K. Smith in Stratford, New Zealand (???).
  156. 1 2 ISFA (1999), p.5 & 9. Collected by Lyle A. Dickey in Hawaii (????).
  157. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.176. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902).
  158. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.243. Collected by Haddon in Chicago (1901).
  159. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.11.
  160. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.13 and (1985), p.9 and ISFA (1999), p.5.
  161. 1 2 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.24.
  162. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.34.
  163. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.22.
  164. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.49.
  165. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.28. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904), also exists in Hawaii.
  166. 1 2 3 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.201.
  167. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.195. Collected by Haddon.
  168. ↑ Miller, Lawrence G. (1945). "The Earliest (?) Description of a String Figure". American Anthropologist. New Series. 47 (3): 461–462. doi:10.1525/aa.1945.47.3.02a00190.
  169. ↑ D'Antoni, Joseph (1997), Bulletin of the International String Figure Association, 4: 90–94, ISSN   1076-7886 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  170. ↑ ISFA (June 2001). "Plinthios Brokhos". String Figure Magazine. International String Figure Association. 6 (2): 3–4. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
  171. ↑ Day, Cyrus L. (1967). Quipus and Witches' Knots . Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. pp.  86–89, 124–126.
  172. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.28.
  173. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.14. Collected by Diamond Jenness in Northern Alaska (????).
  174. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.127.
  175. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.137. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (1904). "Appears to be...an [Inuit] figure,...very widely distributed."
  176. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.10.
  177. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.12.
  178. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.22.
  179. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.23.
  180. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.276. Collected by Jayne from a Congo Kasai Valley Batwa boy, Ottobang, at the St. Louis Expo (1904).
  181. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.54.
  182. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.132.
  183. 1 2 3 4 Jayne (1962), p.101, 110, 114, & 114. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????).
  184. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.72.
  185. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.26.
  186. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.62.
  187. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.37. Collected by Harry and Honor Maude in Micronesia (????).
  188. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.36.
  189. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.112.
  190. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.356. Collected by Jayne from a girl in Ireland (???).
  191. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.390.
  192. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.58.
  193. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.34.
  194. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.299. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904).
  195. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.11. Collected from children by Will Wirt in northeastern Peru (????).
  196. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.70. Collected from a girl by H.R. Haefelfinger in Basel, Germany (????).
  197. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.30.
  198. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.126.
  199. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.34.
  200. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.43.
  201. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.46.
  202. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.63. Invented in by Udo Engelhardt in Berlin, Germany (????).
  203. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.392.
  204. 1 2 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.117.
  205. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.114.
  206. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.236. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904).
  207. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.49. Collected by Honor Maude in Micronesia (????).
  208. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.151.
  209. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.21. Collected by Dr. Haddon in the Torres Straits (????), see Rivers and Haddon (1902, p.150).
  210. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.44. Collected by Diamond Jenness in Canada (????).
  211. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.248. Collected by the Rev. John Gray from children in Cowgate, Edinburgh (????), story described by Margaret A. Hingston as in Somerset.
  212. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: Tao Ta 16", ISFA.org. Invented by Masahiko Eguchi of Japan, based on techniques from Tikopia Island.
  213. 1 2 3 4 5 Jayne (1962), p.150, 156, 158, & 162. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902), Roth gives "Turtle".
  214. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.395.
  215. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.160. Collected by Dr. Furness from a boy in West Carolines (1902). Step two produces "Plinthios Brokhos"
  216. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.354.
  217. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.167. Collected by Furness from a 13yo woman, Dakofel, in the West Carolines (???).
  218. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.350. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904).
  219. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.41. Collected by Julia Averkieva in Vancouver Island (????).
  220. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.337. Collected by Haddon in the Torres Straits (????). Collected by Furness from a boy in the Caroline Islands (1902).
  221. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.63.
  222. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.96. Collected by Haddon (????), first published by Jayne.
  223. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.19. Modern figure, possible 1st mention: Noguchi, Hiroshi (1980).
  224. 1 2 Jayne (1962), p.265 & 271. "Turtle" collected by Furness from a woman, Dakofel, in the Caroline Islands (????). "Ten Times" resembles a figure Jayne saw Linao Moros people form in St. Louis (1904).
  225. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.228. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904), also Culin.
  226. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.317. Collected by Cox from Emma Jackson (????).
  227. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.188. Collected by Furness, from a man, probably from Dulukan, in Uap (????).
  228. 1 2 3 Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.205.
  229. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.121. Collected by Haddon from two old Navajo men in Chicago (1901), also Culin.
  230. ↑ ISFA (1999), p.72. Collected by Walter E. Roth in Guyana (????).
  231. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.287. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????).
  232. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.129. Collected by Jayne from Zah Tso & sister (1904).
  233. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.127. Collected by Boas.
  234. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.204. Collected by John L. Cox in Hampton, Virginia, from Wallace Springer, an Omaha Indian (????).
  235. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Wanderer", ISFA.org. Invented by Tom Storer after Hiroshi Noguchi (????).
  236. ↑ Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.9.
  237. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.87.
  238. ↑ Gryski (1985), p.16.
  239. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.24.
  240. ↑ "String Figure of the Month 2013: The Woman Who Walks a Lot", ISFA.org. Collected by Camilla Wedgwood in N. New Guinea (????).
  241. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.222. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904).
  242. ↑ Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.134.
  243. ↑ Jayne (1962), p.352. Collected by Haddon (????).
  244. ↑ Gryski (1983), p.50.

Webpages with lists of string figures:

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.