Lomatia polymorpha

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Mountain guitar plant
Lomatia polymorpha.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Lomatia
Species:
L. polymorpha
Binomial name
Lomatia polymorpha

Lomatia polymorpha, commonly known as mountain guitar plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae which is endemic to Tasmania. It is a shrub or small tree with linear leaves, and white, cream-coloured or greenish flowers. It is common throughout its range which is approximately complementary to that of L. tinctoria in Tasmania.

Contents

Description

Lomatia polymorpha is a shrub or small tree which grows to a height of between 2.5 and 4 m (8 and 10 ft). It has simple leaves which are linear to narrow egg-shaped, 20–80 mm (0.8–3 in) long, 2.5–10 mm (0.1–0.4 in) wide, have a stalk about 5 mm (0.2 in) long and sometimes have a few lobes or teeth on the margins. The stems sometimes have a covering of matted hairs while the lower surface of the leaves is covered with rusty-coloured hairs and has a prominent mid-vein. The heads of flowers barely extend beyond the leaves and are white, cream or greenish-white in colour. Flowers appear between January and March and are followed by fruits which are dark grey to black and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long. [2]

Taxonomy and naming

Lomatia polymorpha was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London . [1] [3]

Distribution and habitat

Mountain guitar plant is a common and widespread species found "approximately south of the Pieman River and west of the Derwent River" [2] in subalpine woodlands, lowland scrubby vegetation in wetter areas, occasionally in rainforest, [4] from sea level to 1,200 m (4,000 ft). [5] Where the range overlaps with L. tinctoria, (as in the region of Lake St Clair), hybrids often occur. [2]

Use in horticulture

A hardy species in cultivation, L. polymorpha can be grown readily from seeds or cuttings and grows well in most soils and aspects. [6]

Phytochemical profile

Lomatia polymorpha, was subjected to various natural products isolation methods by researchers at The University of Tasmania. Through their comprehensive study they found several different compounds distinct to Proteaceae and common throughout a variety of plants. Three different long chain alcohols were found, tetracosan-1-ol, hexacosan-1-ol and octacosan-1-ol as well as the flavanoids taxifolin and isoquercetin. Other molecules isolated include, 1-O-(p-Coumaroyl)-D-glucose and 1,2,4-trihydroxynaphthalene-1-O-glucoside (THNG). Lomatia polymorpha was found to share several compounds in common with L. tasmanica and L. tinctoria. The three alcohols shared by the relatives is characteristic of the waxiness of their leaves and researchers found that the thinnest leaves between them, of L. polymorhpa, yields the least of these compounds. These non-polar compounds possibly reflect the epicuticular morphology of the species. [7]

Related Research Articles

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Lomatia tasmanica, commonly known as King's lomatia, is a shrub of the family Proteaceae native to Tasmania. Growing up to 8 metres (26 ft) tall, the plant has shiny green pinnate (lobed) leaves and bears red flowers in the summer, but yields neither fruit nor seeds. King's lomatia is unusual because all of the remaining plants are genetically identical clones. Because it has three sets of chromosomes and is therefore sterile, reproduction occurs only vegetatively: when a branch falls, that branch grows new roots, establishing a new plant that is genetically identical to its parent.

<i>Lomatia</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Conospermum</i> Genus of plants in the family Proteaceae

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<i>Grevillea australis</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae

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<i>Telopea truncata</i> Shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Tasmania

Telopea truncata, commonly known as the Tasmanian waratah, is a plant in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to Tasmania where it is found on moist acidic soils at altitudes of 600 to 1200 m (2000–4000 ft). Telopea truncata is a component of alpine eucalypt forest, rainforest and scrub communities. It grows as a multistemmed shrub to a height of 3 metres (10 ft), or occasionally as a small tree to 10 m (35 ft) high, with red flower heads, known as inflorescences, appearing over the Tasmanian summer and bearing 10 to 35 individual flowers. Yellow-flowered forms are occasionally seen, but do not form a population distinct from the rest of the species.

<i>Grevillea shiressii</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to New South Wales, Australia

Grevillea shiressii is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales where it is found in only two localities near Gosford. It is an erect shrub with oblong to narrowly lance-shaped and small clusters of green to bluish-grey, later cream-coloured flowers with a brownish-maroon style.

<i>Lomatia ilicifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to south-eastern Australia

Lomatia ilicifolia, commonly known as holly lomatia or native holly, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a stiff, erect shrub with hairy, rust-coloured new growth and which recovers from fire from a lignotuber. It has dull green, leathery, prickly, holly-like leaves and long sprays of cream flowers, usually after fire.

<i>Pomaderris oraria</i> Species of shrub

Pomaderris oraria, commonly known as Bassian dogwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a compact shrub with hairy branchlets, hairy, elliptic leaves and panicles of hairy, greenish to cream-coloured or crimson-tinged flowers.

<i>Lomatia silaifolia</i> Species of plant in the family, Proteaceae native to eastern Australia

Lomatia silaifolia, commonly known as crinkle bush or parsley fern, is a plant of the family, Proteaceae native to eastern Australia. Naturally found in open forest, it grows as a small shrub 1–2 m high with highly pinnate leaves reminiscent of parsley. The white inflorescences appear in summer.

<i>Lomatia myricoides</i> Species of plant

Lomatia myricoides, commonly known as the river lomatia, is a shrub native to New South Wales and Victoria in southeastern Australia.

<i>Orites revolutus</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae endemic to Tasmania

Orites revolutus, also known as narrow-leaf orites, is a Tasmanian endemic plant species in the family Proteaceae. Scottish botanist Robert Brown formally described the species in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London in 1810 from a specimen collected at Lake St Clair. Abundant in alpine and subalpine heath, it is a small to medium shrub 0.5 to 1.5 m tall, with relatively small, blunt leaves with strongly revolute margins. The white flowers grow on terminal spikes during summer. Being proteaceaous, O. revolutus is likely to provide a substantial food source for nectivorous animal species within its range.

<i>Agastachys</i> Monotypic genus of flowering shrub in the family Proteaceae

Agastachys odorata, commonly known as the white waratah or fragrant candlebush, is the sole member of the genus Agastachys in the protea family. It is an evergreen shrub to small tree and is endemic to the heaths and buttongrass sedgelands of western Tasmania.

<i>Lomatia tinctoria</i> Species of shrub

Lomatia tinctoria, commonly known as guitar plant, is a shrub to about 2 metres tall of the family Proteaceae. It is one of three species of Lomatia endemic to Tasmania, the others being L. polymorpha and L. tasmanica. Lomatia tinctoria is closely related to L. polymorpha, with which it sometimes hybridises. Its leaves are divided, while those of L. polymorpha are simple.

Persoonia leucopogon is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect to low-lying shrub with branchlets that are densely hairy when young, narrow oblong to narrow elliptic leaves and yellow or greenish yellow flowers borne singly or in groups of up to four on a rachis up to 2 mm (0.079 in) long.

<i>Grevillea mimosoides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to north and central Australia

Grevillea mimosoides, commonly known as caustic bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with curved, narrowly elliptic or egg-shaped leaves and greenish-white to cream-coloured or pale yellow flowers.

<i>Grevillea brachystachya</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae from Western Australia

Grevillea brachystachya, commonly known as short-spiked grevillea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a bushy shrub with linear leaves and more or less spherical clusters of cream-coloured to greenish flowers.

<i>Orites diversifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Orites diversifolia (=diversifolius), commonly known as variable orites, is a member of the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. The common name stems from the variable form of the leaves, which range from entire and linear to serrated and ovate. It is a common shrub in lowland rainforest, subalpine woodland and scrub.

<i>Petrophile filifolia</i> Species of shrub endemic to Western Australia

Petrophile filifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to southwestern Western Australia. It is a small shrub with curved, long, needle-shaped leaves and more or less spherical heads of hairy cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers.

Genoplesium tasmanicum, commonly known as the Tasmanian midge orchid, is a species of small terrestrial orchid that is endemic to Tasmania. It has a single thin leaf and up to twenty five dark purplish-black and green flowers. It is widespread and common at lower altitudes.

<i>Bossiaea tasmanica</i> Species of legume

Bossiaea tasmanica is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a prostrate or low-lying shrub with spiny branches, elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, and yellow and red to pink flowers.

References

  1. 1 2 "Lomatia polymorpha". APNI. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Wilson, A.J.G.; Hewson, Helen J.; Mowatt, J. "Lomatia polymorpha" . Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  3. Brown, Robert (1810). "On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 200. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  4. Jordan, Greg. "Lomatia polymorpha". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  5. "Tasmanian endemic flora species". Australian Plants Society Tasmania Inc. 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  6. Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1983). Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping (2nd ed.). Sydney: Collins. p. 259. ISBN   0002165759.
  7. Deans, Bianca J.; Tedone, Laura; Bissember, Alex C.; Smith, Jason A. (2018-09-01). "Phytochemical profile of the rare, ancient clone Lomatia tasmanica and comparison to other endemic Tasmanian species L. tinctoria and L. polymorpha" . Phytochemistry. 153: 74–78. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.019. ISSN   0031-9422. PMID   29886159. S2CID   47015048.