Woodland salamanders are lungless salamanders of the genus Plethodon. They are named so due to their association with a variety of woodland habitats. All members of the genus are found in North America. They have no aquatic larval stage; eggs are laid underneath a stone or log, and young hatch in the adult form. Members of Plethodon primarily eat small invertebrates The earliest known fossils of this genus are from the Hemphillian of Tennessee in the United States.
The red-backedsalamander is a small, hardy woodland salamander. It inhabits wooded slopes in eastern North America, west to Missouri, south to North Carolina, and north from southern Quebec and the Maritime Provinces in Canada to Minnesota. It is also known as the eastern red-backed salamander or the northern red-backed salamander to distinguish it from the southern red-backed salamander. It is one of 55 species in the genus Plethodon.
The northern slimy salamander is a species of terrestrial plethodontid salamander found through much of the eastern two-thirds of the United States.
The southern red-backed salamander is a species of salamander native to the United States. It is found in four widely disjunct populations: one in central Louisiana; one in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma; one in central Missouri; and one from southeastern Tennessee, to southwestern North Carolina, western Georgia, and eastern Alabama. It is sometimes referred to as the Georgia red-backed salamander or the Ouachita red-backed salamander. It was once considered a subspecies of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus.
Ainsworth's salamander is an extinct species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It was endemic to the United States and only known from its type series collected in Jasper County, Mississippi in 1964. Later research has cast doubt to its validity; it might be a junior synonym of Plethodon mississippi.
The Scott Bar salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to western North America, where it is restricted to a very small range in the Scott River drainage in Siskiyou County, California, at altitudes between 700 and 1,300 metres above sea level. Described in 2005, it is one of the most recently described species in the large genus Plethodon.
The Caddo Mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to Arkansas in the south-central United States, and only known from the Caddo Mountains, a part of the Ouachita Mountains.
Dunn's salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the Pacific Northwest.
The Fourche Mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the Ouachita Mountains in the central United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests and it is threatened by habitat loss.
The Peaks of Otter salamander is a species of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to the Peaks of Otter area in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia.
The Coeur d'Alene salamander is a species of woodland salamander (Plethodon) in the family of lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae) found in northern Idaho, western Montana, and southeastern British Columbia. This species was discovered in 1939 by James R. Slater and John W. Slipp on the south shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene in northern Idaho. It was once considered to be a subspecies of Van Dyke's salamander, as P. vandykei idahoensis, but appears to be a distinct and separate species as originally suggested by Slater and Slipp (1940).
The red-cheeked salamander, Jordan's salamander, Jordan's redcheek salamander, or Appalachian woodland salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States.
The Cumberland Plateau salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Larch Mountain salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the Pacific Northwest. It occurs in the Cascade Mountains of southern Washington and northern Oregon. In Washington, it occurs from the Columbia River Gorge to just north of Snoqualmie Pass. Its natural habitats are temperate forests and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Sequoyah slimy salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.
The Shenandoah salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the United States and the state of Virginia. It is only known from North facing talus slopes on three mountain tops inside the Shenandoah National Park.
The Mississippi slimy salamander is a species of terrestrial plethodontid salamander found throughout most of the U.S. state of Mississippi, western Alabama, western Tennessee, far western Kentucky, and eastern Louisiana. The Mississippi slimy salamander is part of the larger slimy salamander complex.
