Lowland Native Grasslands of Tasmania | |
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Ecology | |
Realm | Australasia |
Biome | Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands |
Geography | |
Area | 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi) |
Country | Australia |
Elevation | 10–600 metres (33–1,969 ft) |
Coordinates | 42°12′S147°00′E / 42.200°S 147.000°E Coordinates: 42°12′S147°00′E / 42.200°S 147.000°E |
Geology | Basalt, dolerite |
Climate type | Oceanic climate (Cfb) |
Soil types | Sand or alluvial |
The Lowland Native Grasslands of Tasmania are a temperate grassland situated in the eastern portion of Tasmania, Australia. Listed as a critically endangered ecological community listed under the national environment law, they are dominated by kangaroo grass, velvet tussock grass and/or silver tussock grass. [1] [2]
The vegetation community occurs as small divided remnants below 600m on valley flats in the Tasmanian Midlands, Derwent Valley, east coast and southeast Tasmania, though by 2009 more than 83% has been lost since European settlement. A few decentralized areas of the community is also present in northwest Tasmania, Ben Lomond, Northern Slopes, King, Flinders, Central Highlands, Southern Ranges, Flinders and Cape Barren Island in Bass Strait, on heavy, mineralized and fertile soils. [1] [3]
The community is by and large treeless and only 5% features trees, though Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus viminalis and Eucalyptus pauciflora may occur when the zone is adjacent to grassy woodlands. Other scattered low-density trees include scattered, Eucalyptus rubida, Eucalyptus amygdalina, Acacia dealbata, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia melanoxylon, Allocasuarina spp., Bursaria spinosa and Dodonaea viscosa. Shrubs and forbs include Ptilotus spathulatus, Leucochrysum albicans, Tricoryne elatior, Dodonaea viscosa, Microlaena stipoides, Chrysocephalum apiculatum, Pimelea humilis, Bossiaea prostrata, Lissanthe strigosa and Astroloma humifusum. [1]
Animals include Gallinula mortierii, Bettongia gaimardi, Potorous tridactylus, Aquila audax fleayi, Isoodon obesulus, Perameles gunnii, Vombatus ursinus and Tachyglossus aculeatus. [1]
Acacia aneura, commonly known as mulga or true mulga, is a shrub or small tree native to arid outback areas of Australia. It is the dominant tree in the habitat to which it gives its name (mulga) that occurs across much of inland Australia. Specific regions have been designated the Western Australian mulga shrublands in Western Australia and Mulga Lands in Queensland.
The Ord Victoria Plain, an interim Australian bioregion, is located in the Northern Territory and Western Australia, comprising 12,540,703 hectares.
Western Australia occupies nearly one third of the Australian continent. Due to the size and the isolation of the state, considerable emphasis has been made of these features; it is the second largest administrative territory in the world, after Yakutia in Russia, despite the fact that Australia is only the sixth largest country in the world by area, and no other regional administrative jurisdiction in the world occupies such a high percentage of a continental land mass. It is also the only first level administrative subdivision to occupy the entire continental coastline in one cardinal direction.
The Southeast Australia temperate savanna ecoregion is a large area of grassland dotted with eucalyptus trees running north–south across central New South Wales, Australia.
The Mount Lofty woodlands, or the Peppermint Box Grassy Woodland of South Australia is an ecoregion in South Australia, which includes woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands in the Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula, and Kangaroo Island.
Dry sclerophyll forests occur throughout northern and eastern Tasmania. Characterised by the population of hard-leafed (sclerophyll) and often spiky, drought-adapted plants, dry sclerophyll forests are found in regions of where annual rainfall is below 1000mm.
The Queanbeyan Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve that is located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The 67-hectare (170-acre) reserve is situated approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west-south-west of the City of Queanbeyan.
Tasmania can be broadly divided into two distinct regions, eastern and western, that exhibit major differences in climate, geology and vegetation. This divide, termed Tyler’s Corridor, runs from just south of the northwestern corner, and continues south, cutting roughly down the center of the island. The vegetation changes occur principally due to variations in soil types, which are a result of the geological composition, and the vast difference in climate across the state. Generally, the west has a higher mean rainfall but poor acidic soil while the east has a lower mean rainfall but slightly more fertile soil. This results in a larger proportion of rainforest, moorland and wet sclerophyll vegetation dominating in the west and predominantly dry sclerophyll in the east.
Dodonaea procumbens, commonly known as trailing hop bush or creeping hop-bush, is a species of shrub in the genus Dodonaea found in eastern Australia. It occurs in many places in Australia such as South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. Although the information on the abundance of this species is limited, it is estimated that about 5,000 plants occur in about 55 wild populations. The species is currently facing many threats such as the expansion of road facilities, the development of residential and agricultural areas, increased grazing regimes, weed invasions, and regimes changing of fire. As a result, it is listed as vulnerable and threatened. Therefore, it is necessary to provide protective solutions for the long-term development and survival of this species.
The Cumberland Plain Woodland, or Western Sydney woodland, is a grassy woodland community found predominantly in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that comprises an open tree canopy, a groundcover with grasses and herbs, usually with layers of shrubs and/or small trees.
The Tasmanian temperate forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in Australia. The ecoregion occupies the eastern portion of the island of Tasmania, which lies south of the Australian mainland.
Bedfordia salicina, commonly known as Tasmanian blanketleaf, is an endemic angiosperm of Tasmania, Australia. It is widespread throughout wet sclerophyll forests, moist gullies and intermediate forests and woodlands between wet and dry sclerophyll communities. Bedfordia salicina is abundant at low elevations, on dolerite, sandstone and mudstone substrate, east of Tylers line. Alternating leaves droop down to blanket the stem, coining the species common name, blanketleaf.
The Victorian Volcanic Plain Grasslands are a critically endangered temperate grasslands that occur in the Australian state of Victoria, stretching from Hamilton in the northwest to the city of Melbourne. Part of the Southern Volcanic Plain and bordering the Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland to the east, the grasslands sit on Cainozoic volcanic deposits. In 2011, the Victorian Government had reserved 15,000 hectares of land to protect the critically endangered community. Only less than 5% of the pre-European concentration of the grasslands remain.
The Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland is an ecological temperate grassland community located in the Gippsland region in southern Victoria, Australia. Stretching from Bairnsdale in the east to the eastern portion of Melbourne in the west, they typify one of Victoria's most threatened and disconnected indigenous ecosystems. The Gippsland Red Gum Grassy Woodland is the most prominent community in the system situated in the centre.
The Temperate Grassland of South Australia, formally titled the Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grassland of South Australia, is a temperate grassland in the southeast of South Australia that stretches from Orroroo in the north, to Strathalbyn in the south, just straddling the eastern fringes of Adelaide's Mount Lofty Ranges. Listed as Critically Endangered under the EPBC Act, the grasslands predominantly feature Iron-grasses.
The Southern Tablelands Temperate Grassland, formally Natural Temperate Grassland of the Southern Tablelands, is a temperate grassland community situated in the Southern Tablelands and Monaro region of New South Wales, extending into the Australian Capital Territory and the Victorian border. Listed as Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, the grassland is dominated by reasonably tall, dense to open tussock grasses.
The Lowland Grassy Woodland, or the Illawarra and South Coast Lowland Grassy Woodland is a grassland-savannah community situated in the South East Corner region of New South Wales, Australia. Located mostly on the South Coast to the southern parts of the Illawarra in the north, it is an endangered ecological community that lies in a rain shadow area.
The Illawarra-Shoalhaven subtropical rainforest, or Illawarra Subtropical Rainforest (ISR), is a scattered rainforest community in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Occurring just south of Sydney, it spans from the Royal National Park to the Milton-Ulladulla district in the south, albeit in scattered fragments.