Lynden Archer

Last updated

Lynden Archer
Lynden Archer UCDavis.jpg
Education Stanford University (PhD, 1993; MS, 1990)
University of Southern California (BS, 1989)
Awards Member of the National Academy Engineering (2018)
Fellow of the American Physical Society (2007)
Scientific career
FieldsChemical engineering
Institutions Cornell University

Lynden A. Archer is a chemical engineer, Joseph Silbert Dean of Engineering, David Croll Director of the Energy Systems Institute, and professor of chemical engineering at Cornell University. He became a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2007 and was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 2018. Archer's research covers polymer and hybrid materials and finds applications in energy storage technologies. His h-index is 92 by Google Scholar. [1]

Contents

Education

Archer was born and raised in Guyana and wanted to be a ceramics engineer in high school. [2] He received one of the first international merit scholarships from the University of Southern California in 1986, [3] and as an undergraduate student, decided to work with polymers in his first semester. [4]

In 1989, Archer graduated from the University of Southern California with a BS degree in chemical engineering (polymer science). He earned his MS and PhD in chemical engineering from Stanford University in 1990 and 1993, respectively. [5] [6] Subsequently, Archer worked as a postdoctoral member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1994. [7]

Career

Archer is the James A. Friend Family Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Cornell University. He joined the faculty at Cornell in 2000. [8] Archer served as William C. Hooey Director of the Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Cornell University from 2010 to 2016. [9] [5] Before joining Cornell, Archer was a chemical engineering faculty member at Texas A&M University, 1994-1999. [10]

Archer is the David Croll Director of the Cornell Energy Systems Institute. [11] [12] Since 2008, Archer has served as co-director of the KAUST-Cornell Center for Energy and Sustainability. [8] He is also a co-director of Cornell's Center for Nanomaterials Engineering and Technology (CNET). [13] Archer has presented at the Renewable & Sustainable Energy Technology Workshop hosted by the NSF-IGERT Clean Energy for Green Industry graduate fellowship program in 2012. [14] [15] [16]

On June 8, 2020, Cornell announced that Archer was named to be Joseph Silbert Dean of Engineering for a five-year term starting on July 1, 2020. [17] [18] Archer is the second Black American to hold this position, after his direct predecessor Lance Collins.

Archer is an advisory board member of the Carbon XPrize. [19] [20] He is also on the editorial board of Green Energy & Environment. [21]

In 2011, Archer and his wife Shivaun Archer, who works at the Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering at Cornell University, cofounded the technology company NOHMs Technologies Inc. based on his research of Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials (NOHMs) licensed from the Cornell Center for Technology Licensing. [22] [23] NOHMs Technologies was selected as one of C&EN’s 10 Start-Ups to Watch in 2015 and was awarded two Small Business Innovation Research Phase I grants. [24]

Archer was profiled in the Here and Now program produced by NPR and WBUR in 2016. [25] Scientific American listed Archer's development of an electrochemical cell that captures carbon dioxide among their top 10 "World Changing Ideas" for 2016. [22] [26] [27]

In 2018, Archer was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering for advances in nanoparticle-polymer hybrid materials and in electrochemical energy storage technologies.

Research

Archer's research is focused on transport properties of polymers and organic-inorganic hybrid materials, as well as their applications for energy storage and carbon capture technologies. [5] [8] His research spans several different battery components.

Electrolytes

Archer discovered that adding certain halide salts to liquid electrolytes creates nanostructured surface coatings on lithium battery anodes that hinder the development of dendritic structures that grow within the battery cell and typically lead to a decline in performance and overheating. [28] This study was conducted by modeling metal electrodeposition using density functional theory and continuum mechanics.

By adding tin to a carbonate-based electrolyte, Archer's group observed the instantaneous formation of a nanometer-thick interface that shields the anode and prevents dendrite formation, but keeps it electrochemically active. [29] Lithium can rapidly alloy with the added tin, which makes the lithium deposition during recharging more uniform. As a result, a lithium anode with a tin interface had a battery life cycle of more than 500 hours at 3 mA/cm2, as opposed to 55 hours without the protective interface. Tin requires minimal amounts of specialized equipment and processing. In a cheaper sodium anode, battery lifetime could be improved from less than 10 to more than 1,700 hours.

Another way of preventing dendrite growth in batteries that Archer investigated was the addition of large polymers to the liquid electrolyte. The consistency of the liquid is altered: it becomes viscoelastic, which suppresses electroconvection and therefore prevents flow in patterns that enable dendrite formation. [30] Archer also investigated the polymerization of a previously liquid electrolyte inside the electrochemical cell, which can improve the contact between the electrolyte and electrodes. [31]

Membranes

Another way of inhibiting dendrite growth that Archer investigated is the incorporation of a porous nanostructured membrane, which prevents the formation of subsurface structures in the lithium electrode. [32] [33] The key nanoscale organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) were formed by grafting polyethylene oxide onto silica, subsequently cross-linked with polypropylene oxide to create strong, porous membranes. The intermediate porosity allows liquid electrolytes to flow but prevents dendrites from passing through. The incorporation of such membranes does not require significant changes in battery design. Archer's group found that such a porous electrolyte effectively lengthens the route along which ions travel between anode and cathode and thus increases the life of the anode. [34] Additionally, the porous polymer membrane is softer than the metal, but can nonetheless act as an effective separator suppressing dendritic growth due to its tortuos nanostructure.

Archer investigated how tethering anions to the separator membrane in a battery can stabilize an electrochemical cell, which uses reactive metals as electrodes. The electric field at the metal electrode is reduced, which enhances stability during battery recharging even at higher currents, where usually a depletion zone forms due to ion migration, which in turn initiates dendrite growth. This depletion zone can be neutralized by permanently tethering anions to the membrane, which ultimately prevents battery failure. The method can be applied to lithium batteries, but also to batteries made of sodium or aluminum. [35]

Anodes

In exploring alternative materials to lithium to be used in batteries, Archer discovered a way of treating aluminum films to prevent the formation of an aluminum oxide layer that prevents electrical charge transfer. [36] The aluminum is coated with an ionic liquid containing chloride ions and a small nitrogen-containing organic compound. This treatment erodes existing aluminum oxide and prevents the formation of additional oxide.

Archer's research uncovered a way to build a low-cost zinc-anode battery with epitaxy by growing zinc on graphene, which creates a very stable, high-density energy storage in a reversible manner due to its electrochemical inertness. [37] [38]

Archer studied electrochemical cells that can both capture carbon dioxide and produce electricity. [39] [22] These devices consist of an aluminum foil anode, a porous and electrically conductive cathode, which allows for carbon dioxide and oxygen to pass through, and a liquid electrolyte bridging the anode and cathode through which molecules can diffuse. In experiments, such electrochemical cells generated 13 Ampere hours for each gram of captured carbon and converted carbon dioxide into aluminum oxalate, which can then be converted into oxalic acid.

Honors

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electrode</span> Electrical conductor used to make contact with nonmetallic parts of a circuit

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit. Electrodes are essential parts of batteries that can consist of a variety of materials depending on the type of battery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithium-ion battery</span> Rechargeable battery type

A Lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. It also sees significant use for grid-scale energy storage and military and aerospace applications. Compared to other rechargeable battery technologies, Li-ion batteries have high energy densities, low self-discharge, and no memory effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanobatteries</span> Type of battery

Nanobatteries are fabricated batteries employing technology at the nanoscale, particles that measure less than 100 nanometers or 10−7 meters. These batteries may be nano in size or may use nanotechnology in a macro scale battery. Nanoscale batteries can be combined to function as a macrobattery such as within a nanopore battery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithium–sulfur battery</span>

The lithium–sulfur battery is a type of rechargeable battery. It is notable for its high specific energy. The low atomic weight of lithium and moderate atomic weight of sulfur means that Li–S batteries are relatively light. They were used on the longest and highest-altitude unmanned solar-powered aeroplane flight by Zephyr 6 in August 2008.

An Ion gel is a composite material consisting of an ionic liquid immobilized by an inorganic or a polymer matrix. The material has the quality of maintaining high ionic conductivity while in the solid state. To create an ion gel, the solid matrix is mixed or synthesized in-situ with an ionic liquid. A common practice is to utilize a block copolymer which is polymerized in solution with an ionic liquid so that a self-assembled nanostructure is generated where the ions are selectively soluble. Ion gels can also be made using non-copolymer polymers such as cellulose, oxides such as silicon dioxide or refractory materials such as boron nitride.

A solid-state battery is a battery technology that uses solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte, instead of the liquid or polymer gel electrolytes found in lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries.

Nanoarchitectures for lithium-ion batteries are attempts to employ nanotechnology to improve the design of lithium-ion batteries. Research in lithium-ion batteries focuses on improving energy density, power density, safety, durability and cost.

The lithium–air battery (Li–air) is a metal–air electrochemical cell or battery chemistry that uses oxidation of lithium at the anode and reduction of oxygen at the cathode to induce a current flow.

A potassium-ion battery or K-ion battery is a type of battery and analogue to lithium-ion batteries, using potassium ions for charge transfer instead of lithium ions. It was invented by the Iranian/American chemist Ali Eftekhari in 2004.

The sodium-ion battery (NIB or SIB) is a type of rechargeable battery analogous to the lithium-ion battery but using sodium ions (Na+) as the charge carriers. Its working principle and cell construction are almost identical with those of commercially widespread lithium-ion battery types, but sodium compounds are used instead of lithium compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Akira Yoshino</span> Japanese chemist

Akira Yoshino is a Japanese chemist. He is a fellow of Asahi Kasei Corporation and a professor at Meijo University in Nagoya. He created the first safe, production-viable lithium-ion battery which became used widely in cellular phones and notebook computers. Yoshino was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 alongside M. Stanley Whittingham and John B. Goodenough.

Aluminium-ion batteries are a class of rechargeable battery in which aluminium ions serve as charge carriers. Aluminium can exchange three electrons per ion. This means that insertion of one Al3+ is equivalent to three Li+ ions. Thus, since the ionic radii of Al3+ (0.54 Å) and Li+ (0.76 Å) are similar, significantly higher numbers of electrons and Al3+ ions can be accepted by cathodes with little damage. Al has 50 times (23.5 megawatt-hours m-3) the energy density of Li and is even higher than coal.

Research in lithium-ion batteries has produced many proposed refinements of lithium-ion batteries. Areas of research interest have focused on improving energy density, safety, rate capability, cycle durability, flexibility, and cost.

Magnesium batteries are batteries that utilize magnesium cations as the active charge transporting agents in solution and often as the elemental anode of an electrochemical cell. Both non-rechargeable primary cell and rechargeable secondary cell chemistries have been investigated. Magnesium primary cell batteries have been commercialised and have found use as reserve and general use batteries.

The glass battery is a type of solid-state battery. It uses a glass electrolyte and lithium or sodium metal electrodes. The battery was invented by John B. Goodenough, inventor of the lithium cobalt oxide and lithium iron phosphate electrode materials used in the lithium-ion battery (Li-ion), and Maria H. Braga, an associate professor at the University of Porto and a senior research fellow at Cockrell School of Engineering at The University of Texas.

Structural batteries are multifunctional materials or structures, capable of acting as an electrochemical energy storage system while possessing mechanical integrity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kristina Edström</span> Swedish inorganic chemist

Kristina Edström is a Swedish Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at Uppsala University. She also serves as Head of the Ångström Advanced Battery Centre (ÅABC) and has previously been both Vice Dean for Research at the Faculty of Science and Technology and Chair of the STandUp for Energy research programme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solid-state electrolyte</span>

A solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is a solid ionic conductor and electron-insulating material and it is the characteristic component of the solid-state battery. It is useful for applications in electrical energy storage (EES) in substitution of the liquid electrolytes found in particular in lithium-ion battery. The main advantages are the absolute safety, no issues of leakages of toxic organic solvents, low flammability, non-volatility, mechanical and thermal stability, easy processability, low self-discharge, higher achievable power density and cyclability. This makes possible, for example, the use of a lithium metal anode in a practical device, without the intrinsic limitations of a liquid electrolyte thanks to the property of lithium dendrite suppression in the presence of a solid-state electrolyte membrane. The utilization of a high capacity anode and low reduction potential, like lithium with a specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1 and a reduction potential of -3.04 V vs SHE, in substitution of the traditional low capacity graphite, which exhibits a theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g−1 in its fully lithiated state of LiC6, is the first step in the realization of a lighter, thinner and cheaper rechargeable battery. Moreover, this allows the reach of gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, high enough to achieve 500 miles per single charge in an electric vehicle. Despite the promising advantages, there are still many limitations that are hindering the transition of SSEs from academia research to large-scale production, depending mainly on the poor ionic conductivity compared to that of liquid counterparts. However, many car OEMs (Toyota, BMW, Honda, Hyundai) expect to integrate these systems into viable devices and to commercialize solid-state battery-based electric vehicles by 2025.

A polymer electrolyte is a polymer matrix capable of ion conduction. Much like other types of electrolyte—liquid and solid-state—polymer electrolytes aid in movement of charge between the anode and cathode of a cell. The use of polymers as an electrolyte was first demonstrated using dye-sensitized solar cells. The field has expanded since and is now primarily focused on the development of polymer electrolytes with applications in batteries, fuel cells, and membranes.

A solid state silicon battery or silicon anode all solid state battery is a type of rechargeable lithium ion battery consisting of a solid electrolyte, solid cathode, and silicon-based solid anode.

References

  1. ↑ "Lynden Archer - Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved August 6, 2020.
  2. 1 2 "After the Lecture: Lynden Archer". National Science Foundation. March 16, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  3. ↑ "USC Viterbi - Engineer, Fall 2011" . Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  4. ↑ "The Scientist: Prof. Lynden Archer Researches Polymers". The Cornell Daily Sun. March 26, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "WIN Distinguished Lecture - Professor Lynden Archer: "Electrolyte Design Principles for Lithium Metal Batteries"". April 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  6. ↑ "One on One with Lynden Archer". Chemical & Engineering News. February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 "The 44th Annual David M. Mason Lectures in Chemical Engineering" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Seminar - Lynden Archer, Cornell University". Berkeley Lab. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  9. 1 2 "Lynden A. Archer — Lecture" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  10. ↑ "Lynden A. Archer - Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  11. 1 2 "College of Engineering's 2019-20 Distinguished Lecture Series" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  12. ↑ "Leadership - Cornell Energy Systems Institute" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  13. ↑ "New Nanomaterials Lab at Cornell University Provides Space for Collaborative Research". The Cornell Daily Sun. February 2, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  14. ↑ "ReSET 2012" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  15. ↑ ReSET 2012 Technological Innovations Panel: Professor Lynden Archer (Cornell University) on YouTube Lynden Archer - IGERT Resources on Vimeo
  16. ↑ Q&A Panel Discussion: Renewable & Sustainable Energy - Technological Innovations - IGERT Resources on Vimeo
  17. ↑ "Lynden Archer named dean of College of Engineering". Cornell Chronicle. June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Lynden Archer Appointed New Dean of Engineering College". The Cornell Daily Sun. June 8, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  19. ↑ "Scientific Advisory Board" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  20. ↑ "Can Chemists Turn Pollution into Gold?". Scientific American. July 25, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  21. ↑ "Green Energy & Environment Editorial Board" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  22. 1 2 3 "From Lab to Invaluable Energy Innovations". Cornell Research. May 15, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  23. ↑ "NOHMs Technologies" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  24. ↑ "C&EN's 2015–2017 Start-Ups to Watch: Where are they now?". Chemical & Engineering News. November 5, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Profile Of A Scientist: Building A Better Battery". WBUR. June 15, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  26. ↑ "2016 World Changing Ideas". Scientific American. December 1, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Batteries Could Pull Carbon from the Atmosphere". Scientific American. December 1, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
  28. ↑ "Add just a pinch of salt for longer battery life (Day 92)". August 27, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  29. ↑ "Next-generation rechargeable battery made with tin". Cornell Chronicle. April 10, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  30. ↑ "Weighty Polymers Impact Battery Stability and Safety". United States Department of Energy. June 5, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Advances point the way to smaller, safer batteries". Cornell Chronicle. March 14, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  32. ↑ "Nano-Membranes for Battery Dendrite Control". February 9, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Room-temperature lithium metal battery closer to reality". Cornell Chronicle. February 3, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  34. ↑ "'Elegant' design could lead to more powerful, safer lithium metal battery". Cornell Chronicle. June 18, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
    "'Elegant' Design Could Lead to More Powerful, Safer Lithium Metal Battery". Kavli Foundation. June 28, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  35. ↑ "Team devises new way for stabilizing battery recharge". Cornell Chronicle. July 15, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  36. ↑ Scott, Andrew (November 30, 2018). "Adapting aluminum for better batteries". Nature Middle East. doi:10.1038/nmiddleeast.2018.152. S2CID   92206862 . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Zinc-anode batteries prove their mettle". Cornell Chronicle. November 1, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Archer Group Published in Science on Their Concept Using Epitaxy to Regulate Reactions in Battery Anode". Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University. November 4, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  39. ↑ "Electrochemical Cell Makes Electricity and Chemicals From CO2". IEEE Spectrum. July 20, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  40. 1 2 "Energy Materials Center at Cornell - Lynden Archer" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  41. ↑ "Award Abstract #9624254 - Career Program: Shear-Induced Slippage at Polymer-Solid Interfaces" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  42. ↑ "APS Fellow Archive" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  43. ↑ "KAUST announces inaugural Global Research Partnership center grants". AAAS EurekAlert!. May 8, 2008. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  44. ↑ "New Hot Papers - January 2010" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  45. ↑ "Xiong Wen (David) Lou & Lynden A. Archer talk with ScienceWatch.com and answer a few questions about this month's New Hot Papers in the field of Materials Science" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  46. ↑ Lou, Xiong Wen (David); Archer, Lynden A.; Yang, Zichao (October 29, 2008). "Hollow Micro‐/Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications". Advanced Materials. 20 (21): 3987–4019. Bibcode:2008AdM....20.3987L. doi:10.1002/adma.200800854. S2CID   44023777 . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  47. ↑ "Mork Alumni Reunion". USC Viterbi School of Engineering . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  48. 1 2 "Nanoscale Science and Engineering Forum Award". American Institute of Chemical Engineers. March 28, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  49. ↑ "2014 NSEF Award Winners". November 13, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  50. ↑ "Nanometer - The newsletter of the Cornell NanoScale Facility, Spring 2016" (PDF). Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  51. ↑ "Thomson Reuters Highly Cited Researchers 2016 - Materials Science". September 28, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  52. ↑ "Cockrell School Endowed Lectureship – "Transport Phenomena and Electrodeposition of Metals in High-Energy Rechargeable Batteries" by Dr. Lynden A. Archer, Cornell University" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  53. ↑ "Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials and Applications in Next-Generation Energy-Storage Technologies". National Science Foundation . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  54. ↑ "MPS Distinguished Lecture by Prof. Lynden Archer (Cornell) on Nanoscale Organic Hybrid Materials". National Science Foundation . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  55. ↑ "Professor Lynden A. Archer from Cornell University Delivers Molecular Science Forum Lecture on November 14, 2017" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  56. ↑ "NAE Website - Professor Lynden A. Archer" . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  57. ↑ "Guyana-Born Professor Receives One Of The World's Highest Professional Distinctions in The Field of Engineering". February 14, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  58. ↑ "Three African American Men to Be Inducted Into the National Academy of Engineering". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. July 30, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020. "Lynden A. Archer, Gary S. May and Gabriel C. Ejebe to be Inducted Into the National Academy of Engineering for 2018". Houston Style Magazine. August 6, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  59. ↑ "ACROSS AMERICA: Three African-Americans Claim Rare Engineering Accomplishment". Philadelphia Tribune. August 21, 2018. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  60. ↑ "Lynden Archer listed as a 2019 Highly Cited Researcher by Web of Science". Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University. January 16, 2020. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  61. ↑ "Highly Cited Researchers - 2019 Recipients". Web of Science . Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  62. ↑ Distinguished Lecture: Lynden A. Archer on YouTube
  63. ↑ Lynden Archer: "Stability of Metal-Electrolyte Interphases in Secondary Batteries" on YouTube
  64. ↑ Lynden Archer: Faculty Panel Discussion on YouTube
  65. ↑ "The Society of Rheology Fellows - Class of 2020". Society of Rheology . Retrieved November 16, 2020.
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