Lyveden New Bield

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Lyveden New Bield
Lyveden New Bield July 2016.jpg
Lyveden New Bield
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General information
Typeunfinished country house
Architectural style Elizabethan
Location4 miles west of Oundle
CountryEngland
Coordinates 52°27′25″N0°33′12″W / 52.45694°N 0.55333°W / 52.45694; -0.55333
Openedcirca 1604–05
OwnerNational Trust
Technical details
MaterialStructure constructed from stone

Lyveden New Bield (sometimes called New Build) is an unfinished Elizabethan summer house in the parish of Aldwincle in North Northamptonshire, commissioned by Sir Thomas Tresham and now owned by the National Trust. [1] It is a Grade I listed building, classing it as a 'building of exceptional interest.' [2]

Contents

Construction

It was constructed for Sir Thomas Tresham, the fervent Roman Catholic of Rushton Hall, and is thought to have been designed by Robert Stickells. [3] The exact date is unknown but can be estimated to circa 1604–05, the year of Tresham's death. The New Bield was on the estate of Tresham's second home, Lyveden Manor House, also known as Lyveden Old Bield.

Design & Catholic Motifs

Just as at Tresham's smaller folly, Rushton Triangular Lodge, his principal estate, the New Bield has a religious design full of symbolism. [4] [5] Designed on a plan reminiscent of a Greek cross, the facades have a strict symmetry. [3] The building has two floors above a raised basement, with mullioned and transomed windows. Each floor had three rooms with a staircase in the south projection of the cross.

The exterior of the building is decorated by friezes of a religious nature. The metopes contain the emblems and motifs found also at the triangular lodge, such as the "IHS" christogram. [6]

Purpose as a 'Secret House'

Ground Plan of Lyveden New Building. Ground Plan of Lyveden New Building (11095427725).jpg
Ground Plan of Lyveden New Building.

The house was obviously meant for occupation, as it has a great hall and parlour on the first floor, kitchen and buttery in the basement, and a bedroom on the upper floor. However, it was probably never intended for full-time occupation. Too close to the main house for use as a hunting lodge, it may have been intended for use as a "Secret House"—keeping a secret house was a custom of the 16th century. [7] [8] Often within a mile of the main house, the secret house was a place where the head of the household would retire for a few days with a minimum of servants, while the principal house was thoroughly cleaned and, bearing in mind the sanitation of the time, fumigated. [7] Similar examples of "secret houses" exist at Leconfield and Warkworth, where their use for this purpose has been well documented.

Lyveden New Bield was never completed. It remains as it was when the builders left following Sir Thomas Tresham's death. Today, it is in the care of the National Trust. [1]

Lyveden Old Bield

Lyveden Manor House, now also known as Lyveden Old Bield, the once grand principal house of the estate, had belonged to the Tresham family from c.1450. Today, little remains and what does was probably built by Thomas Tresham's grandson Lewis. The gatehouse has been removed to Fermyn Woods Hall, and the staircase was transported to America, where it was incorporated in the Edsel and Eleanor Ford House near Detroit. [9] One wing remains with mullioned windows.

In 2013, the National Trust acquired Lyveden Manor House, iIt is open to the public, with the Trust's long-term aim to restore the historic gardens and open them to the public. [10]

Gardens & Orchard

Orchard, Lyveden New Bield. Orchard, Lyveden New Bield - geograph.org.uk - 3703941.jpg
Orchard, Lyveden New Bield.

Set on 60 acres Lyveden lies in the heart of the medieval Royal Forest of Rockingham. [11] Tresham designed extensive gardens between the manor house and the New Bield, but for centuries little evidence of the gardens remained. However, in 2010, National Trust experts studying photographs taken by the Luftwaffe during the Second World War discovered the remains of an Elizabethan labyrinth, garden and orchard in the grounds. [12] [13] [14] The gardens were subsequently upgraded to a Grade I listing by English Heritage. [12]

The National Trust has reconstructed Tresham's orchard, which originally contained 300 fruit and nut trees, as well as restored the moat on three sides of the labyrinth. [15] [16]

The Tresham Family and The Gunpowder Plot

An anonymous letter, sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, was instrumental in revealing the plot's existence. Its author's identity has never been reliably established, although Francis Tresham has long been a suspect. Monteagle letter.jpeg
An anonymous letter, sent to William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, was instrumental in revealing the plot's existence. Its author's identity has never been reliably established, although Francis Tresham has long been a suspect.

Sir Thomas Tresham died in 1605 following decades of religious persecution, his once vast wealth having been severely depleted. His son Francis Tresham inherited the estate, but within the same year, along with his cousins Catesby and Wintour, he became involved in the Gunpowder Plot. [17] [18] [19] Thus, within a year the estate had a third owner, Francis's son Lewis Tresham. The estate was managed by Lewis's mother until her death in 1615.

After this, Lewis Tresham, a spendthrift, lost the remaining family wealth. [3] The estate was eventually sold following the death of his son in 1643.

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References

  1. 1 2 National Trust UK. "Lyveden | Northamptonshire, Intriguing Elizabethan lodge and moated garden". National Trust.
  2. ↑ "LYVEDEN OLD BIELD AND ATTACHED OUTBUILDINGS". Historic England.
  3. 1 2 3 National Trust UK. "History of Lyveden │ Northamptonshire". National Trust.
  4. ↑ Ross, David. "Lyveden New Bield, History & Photos | Historic Northamptonshire Guide". Britain Express.
  5. ↑ "Lyveden New Bield - Historic House in PETERBOROUGH, Peterborough - Visit Peterborough". www.visitpeterborough.com.
  6. ↑ Johnson, Lily. "Lyveden New Bield is a historic lodge and gardens perfectly preserved in their original Elizabethan state". History Hit.
  7. 1 2 Morcom, Jess (23 January 2022). "The Northants summer house standing unfinished for 400 years". Northants Live.
  8. ↑ English Catholic History Association (2015). "Triangular Lodge & Lyveden New Bield" (PDF). English Catholic History Association.
  9. ↑ Bell, Thomas (1872). The Ruins Of Lyveden - With Historical Notices Of The Family Of Tresham And its Connexion With The Gunpowder Plot. London, United Kingdom: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., Alfred King, Oundle.
  10. ↑ "Lyveden New Bield". National Trust.
  11. ↑ "An introduction to Lyveden New Bield | The National Trust". oldweb.lyveden.org.uk.
  12. 1 2 Gray, Louise (6 November 2010). "Photos taken by the enemy in Second World War shows lost Tudor garden". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  13. ↑ Bradshaw, Mark. "An Elizabethan Garden Un-covered | Lyveden New Bield 1995 – 2012". www.lyveden.org.uk.
  14. ↑ Kennedy, Maev (6 November 2010). "Luftwaffe spy photo reveals lost Tudor garden". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077.
  15. ↑ Trust, The Gardens (23 January 2021). "More on Lyveden". The Gardens Trust. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  16. ↑ Malpas, Laura. "Lyveden, revisited and reconnected". Northamptonshire Heritage Forum.
  17. ↑ Fraser, Antonia (1997). The Gunpowder Plot: Terror & Faith in 1605. Mandarin. ISBN   978-0-7493-2357-8.
  18. ↑ UK Parliament. "Francis Tresham". parliament.uk.
  19. ↑ UK Parliament. "People behind the Gunpowder plot". parliament.uk.

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