Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene. [5] [6] [7] Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene. [5] [6] [7] Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated proteins which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton. MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and multiple light chain subunits. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. [7]
MAPLC3A is one of the mammalian homologues of yeast ATG8, an important marker and effector of autophagy. [8]
MAP1LC3A is regulated by several post-translational modifications. These include covalent linkage of the C-terminus to phosphatidylethanolamine in autophagic membranes, and phosphorylation by protein kinase A, [9] which downregulates its autophagy functions. Noncovalent interactions are important for its cargo targeting functions in selective autophagy. For example, it has been shown to interact with sequestosome 1. [10]
Autophagin-1 (Atg4/Apg4) is a unique cysteine protease responsible for the cleavage of the carboxyl terminus of Atg8/Apg8/Aut7, a reaction essential for its lipidation during autophagy. Human Atg4 homologues cleave the carboxyl termini of the three human Atg8 homologues, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), GABARAP, and GATE-16.
Tubulin alpha-1B chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA1B gene.
Microtubule-associated protein 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1A gene.
Microtubule-associated protein 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1B gene.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MARK1 gene.
Phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PHKG1 gene.
Interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 1, also known as IL13RA1 and CD213A1, is a human gene.
Autophagy related 5 (ATG5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATG5 gene located on Chromosome 6. It is an E3 ubi autophagic cell death. ATG5 is a key protein involved in the extension of the phagophoric membrane in autophagic vesicles. It is activated by ATG7 and forms a complex with ATG12 and ATG16L1. This complex is necessary for LC3-I conjugation to PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) to form LC3-II. ATG5 can also act as a pro-apoptotic molecule targeted to the mitochondria. Under low levels of DNA damage, ATG5 can translocate to the nucleus and interact with survivin.
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3B gene. LC3 is a central protein in the autophagy pathway where it functions in autophagy substrate selection and autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 is the most widely used marker of autophagosomes.
Cysteine protease ATG4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATG4B gene.
Dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYNLT1 gene.
Kinesin-associated protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIFAP3 gene. It is a non-motor, accessory subunit which co-oligomerizes with the motor subunits KIF3A and KIF3B or KIF3C, to form heterotrimeric kinesin-2 motor proteins. Kinesin-2 KAP subunits were initially characterized in echinoderms and mice.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNGT1 gene.
Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R9B gene.
Autophagy related 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG12 gene.
Autophagy related 7 is a protein in humans encoded by ATG7 gene. Related to GSA7; APG7L; APG7-LIKE.
Cysteine protease ATG4A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATG4A gene.
Autophagy-related protein 8 (Atg8) is a ubiquitin-like protein required for the formation of autophagosomal membranes. The transient conjugation of Atg8 to the autophagosomal membrane through a ubiquitin-like conjugation system is essential for autophagy in eukaryotes. Even though there are homologues in animals, this article mainly focuses on its role in lower eukaryotes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4, also known as PI3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 or PI3-kinase p150 subunit or phosphoinositide 3-kinase adaptor protein, or VPS15 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIK3R4 gene.
In molecular biology, autophagy related 3 (Atg3) is the E2 enzyme for the LC3 lipidation process. It is essential for autophagy. The super protein complex, the Atg16L complex, consists of multiple Atg12-Atg5 conjugates. Atg16L has an E3-like role in the LC3 lipidation reaction. The activated intermediate, LC3-Atg3 (E2), is recruited to the site where the lipidation takes place.
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