Brugia malayi is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm), one of the three causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in humans. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a condition characterized by swelling of the lower limbs. The two other filarial causes of lymphatic filariasis are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori, which both differ from B. malayi morphologically, symptomatically, and in geographical extent.
Lymphatic filariasis is a human disease caused by parasitic worms known as filarial worms. Most cases of the disease have no symptoms. Some people, however, develop a syndrome called elephantiasis, which is marked by severe swelling in the arms, legs, breasts, or genitals. The skin may become thicker as well, and the condition may become painful. The changes to the body have the potential to harm the person's social and economic situation.
Anopheles (Cellia) varuna is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. It is found in India, Sri Lanka Thailand and Vietnam. It is a secondary malaria vector in Sri Lanka. Larva are known to feed on detritus, rod and cocci bacteria, diatom, filamentous algae and desmids. A microsporidium Thelohania obscura was discovered from the larva in India in 1966.
Aedes (Finlaya) albolateralis is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Aedes. It is a member in Aedes niveus subgroup. It is found in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Andaman Islands, China, India, Borneo and Singapore. It is highly susceptible to nocturnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus. Virus could replicate in salivary gland, cervical cell of brain and fat body cells but not in gut and ovary.
Aedes (Downsiomyia) niveus is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Aedes. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam and other South East Asian countries. It is a vector of filariasis.
Aedes pipersalatus is a species complex of mosquito belonging to the genus Aedes. It is found in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, West Pakistan, India, and Thailand. It is a non-vector mosquito species, that can be found from rice field and marshland habitats.
Armigeres (Armigeres) aureolineatus is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Armigeres. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Malaya, Cambodia, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Indochina, China, and Borneo. Larva are collected from discarded containers, coconut shells and dirty water pools. It is known as a vector for avian diseases and few mammalian diseases.
Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Armigeres. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Nepal, Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, Ryukyu-Retto, Indochina, Thailand, and Guam.
Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Coquillettidia.
Hodgesia malayi is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Hodgesia. It is found in Sri Lanka, India, Malaya, Indochina, Philippines, Moluccas, Thailand, and Maluku.
Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulifera is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Mansonia.
Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Mansonia.
Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is a cosmopolitan species which can be found in all continents, except America and Antarctica.
Culex (Lutzia) fuscanus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in China, India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka They are natural predators of disease causing mosquito larva such as Aedes aegypti, Anopheles subpictus, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
Culex (Culex) gelidus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. In 1976, it was identified as a major vector of Japanese encephalitis virus, in India. From an experiment, it was evident that aqueous solution of Calotropis gigantea leaves possess larvicidal activity, mosquito repellent activity and ovicidal activity against Culex gelidus.
Culex (Eumelanomyia) malayi is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan, Timor and Vietnam.
Culex (Culex) mimulus is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea (Island); Papua New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam. Larvae can be found from agro wells and adults are malaria vectors.
Culex (Culiciomyia) spathifurca is a species of mosquito belonging to the genus Culex. It is found in Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Borneo, Java, Philippines, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Irian Jaya, Maluku, and Thailand. This mosquito shows unique male terminalia with bifurcate gonostylus, which can used to differentiate it from other species. Larva and pupa can be found in tree holes associated with mangrove ecosystems. It is a potential vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, but human bitings are very rare.
Brugia is a genus for a group of small roundworms. They are among roundworms that cause the parasitic disease filariasis. Specifically, of the three species known, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori cause lymphatic filariasis in humans; and Brugia pahangi and Brugia patei infect domestic cats, dogs and other animals. They are transmitted by the bite of mosquitos.
