Euroscepticism,also spelled as Euroskepticism or EU-scepticism,is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions and policies and seek reform,to those who oppose EU membership and see the EU as unreformable. The opposite of Euroscepticism is known as pro-Europeanism,or European Unionism.
Non-attached members are members of the European Parliament (MEPs) who do not belong to one of the recognised political groups.
The European Conservatives and Reformists Group is a soft Eurosceptic,anti-federalist political group of the European Parliament. The ECR is the parliamentary group of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party European political party,but also includes MEPs from other European parties and MEPs without European party affiliation.
Alternative for Germany is a far-right and right-wing populist political party in Germany. The AfD is Eurosceptic,and opposes immigration to Germany –especially of Muslims. The German judiciary has classified the party as a "suspected extremist" party,although it does not reject democracy.
Bernd Lucke is a German economist,professor,author and former politician. He was a co-founder of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in 2013 and served as the party's federal chairman. He was elected a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for AfD in 2014.
Frauke Petry is a German politician who chaired the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party from July 2015 to September 2017. A chemist by training and with a professional background as a businesswoman,some political scientists described Petry as a representative of the national conservative wing of that party.
Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was a Eurosceptic and populist political group in the European Parliament. The EFDD group was a continuation for the Eighth European Parliament of the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group that existed during the Seventh European Parliament,with significant changes to group membership.
Beatrix Amelie Ehrengard Eilika von Storch is a German politician and lawyer,who has been the Deputy Leader of the Alternative for Germany since July 2015 and a Member of the Bundestag since September 2017. She previously was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany. From April 2016 to 2017 she was also a member of the right-wing populist Anti-EU group Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy. She is part of the right-wing conservative wing of the parliamentary group of the AfD. She belongs ancestrally to the royal House of Oldenburg which reigned over the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg until 1918.
Patriots.eu,formerly known as the Identity and Democracy Party (ID) and the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom (MENF),is a nationalist,right-wing populist and Eurosceptic European political party founded in 2014. Its Members of the European Parliament sat in the Europe of Nations and Freedom group from 2015 to 2019,then in the Identity and Democracy group between 2019 and 2024;following the 2024 European Parliament election,most of its MEPs sit with the Patriots for Europe group.
Europe of Nations and Freedom was a far-right political group that operated in the European Parliament between 2015 and 2019. It was composed of 37 MEPs and only existed during the European Parliament's 8th term. Most of its MPs were members of the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom political party.
We Citizens is a political party in Germany. Formerly Liberal Conservative Reformers,it was known from July 2015 to November 2016 as ALFA.
Jörg Hubert Meuthen is a German economist,academic and Independent politician who was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Germany from 2017 until 2024.
Johannes Hübner is a former Austrian politician and Member of the Federal Parliament for Vienna South-West for the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) 2008 - 2017. He previously sat in parliament for Vienna District 4 (1986-1997). He was until October 2017 the party's spokesman on Foreign Affairs.
Identity and Democracy was a far-right political group of the European Parliament,launched on 13 June 2019 for the Ninth European Parliament term. It comprised far right,right-wing populist,Eurosceptic and nationalist national parties from six European states. It was the successor to the Europe of Nations and Freedom group formed during the eighth term and almost all of its members merged into the Patriots for Europe group formed during the tenth term.
The 2024 European Parliament election was held in the European Union (EU) between 6 and 9 June 2024. It was the tenth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979,and the first European Parliament election after Brexit. A total of 720 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were elected to represent more than 450 million people from 27 member states. This election also coincided with a number of other elections in some European Union member states.
Maximilian Krah is a German lawyer and politician. He is serving as a member of the European Parliament without a delegation or faction being a member of right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD).
Lars Patrick Berg is a German politician who was serving as a Member of the European Parliament from 2019 to 2024. He was elected with the Alternative for Germany;he left the party and the Identity and Democracy group in the European Parliament to join the European Conservatives and Reformists in June 2021 and the Liberal Conservative Reformers party in Germany in July 2021. In January 2023 he left the Liberal Conservative Reformers party and joined the Bündnis Deutschland party. He was a member of the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg from 2016–2019.
Matthias Moosdorf is a German cellist and politician.
Markus-Cornel Frohnmaier is a Romanian-born German politician from Alternative for Germany. He was elected Member of the Bundestag for Baden-Württemberg in the 2017 German federal election. Up until February 2018,Frohnmaier was the chair of Young Alternative for Germany (JA),AfD's youth wing.
Europe of Sovereign Nations,also known as the Sovereigntists,is a far-right political group in the European Parliament,formed on 10 July 2024 as the smallest group ahead of the 10th European Parliament. Its members previously belonged to the Identity and Democracy group or were non-attached.
