Margaret DeBardeleben Tutwiler (born December 28,1950) is an American politician who has served multiple different positions within the United States Department of State.
Margaret DeBardeleben Tutwiler (born December 28,1950) is an American politician who has served multiple different positions within the United States Department of State.
Tutwiler was born in Birmingham,Alabama,the daughter of Temple Tutwiler II and Margaret (DeBardeleben) Tutwiler. [1] She attended Finch College in Manhattan and the University of Alabama. She was offered a job as the secretary of the chairman of the Alabama Republican Party following her graduation. [2]
At age 26,she worked under James A. Baker III in Gerald Ford’s failed 1976 presidential campaign. [3] [4] In 1980,she was one of a team of relatively younger aides assembled by Baker to run Bush’s campaign for the presidential nomination. [5] When Bush lost the nomination to Ronald Reagan,Reagan tapped Baker to run his presidential campaign,and Baker brought Tutwiler with him to the campaign. [6]
When Reagan won the presidency and Baker became White House Chief of Staff,Tutwiler asked to accompany him,saying,"Until we figure it out,can’t I just be your jack of all trades?" [7] Once they were ensconced in the White House,one of Tutwiler's duties was to return phone calls from members of congress,or the press,if Baker could not himself return the call. [8]
Gradually,Tutwiler became known as Baker's right hand and alter ego. [9] In the run-up to the 1984 election,Baker installed Tutwiler as liaison at Reagan's re-election campaign,in part to keep an eye on Ed Rollins,who had left his position as Assistant to the President for Political Affairs and became chair of the campaign,and who was critical of Baker. [10]
In January 1985,after Reagan won the 1984 election,he appointed Baker as Secretary of the Treasury,and Baker took his White House team with him to the Treasury,where Tutwiler became Baker's chief political assistant,initially holding the position of Assistant Secretary For Public Affairs. [2] [11]
In 1989,after George H. W. Bush was elected president,Baker became Secretary of State,and Tutwiler moved with him to the State Department as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs—although she had to be convinced to take the position,because it involved daily briefings on matters with which she was not yet familiar. [12]
In June 1989,when protests erupted in Beijing's Tiananmen Square,the Bush administration was concerned that a strong condemnation from the U.S. might damage the rapprochement with China which had begun during the Nixon administration,and impair the ability of the U.S. to use China as a counterweight in its geopolitical struggle with the Soviet Union. [13] As Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs,Tutwiler was in charge of press and public briefings conducted by the State Department's Bureau of Public Affairs. She objected to the administration's position regarding the protests,and urged Baker to speak out against the Chinese government's crackdown on protesters. [14] Initially,she refused to conduct briefings supporting the administration's position. To overcome her scruples,Baker had to personally insist that she conduct the briefings. [15]
It was Tutwiler who urged Baker to invite Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze to accompany him on a trip to his ranch in Wyoming,which would provide an opportunity for the two men to become better acquainted. The trip took place in September,1989. [16]
President Bush met Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev for a summit in Malta on December 2–3,1989. Tutwiler was part of the State Department party who travelled to Malta for the summit. [17]
On August 13,1992,President Bush announced that Baker was leaving the State Department,and returning to the White House as White House Chief of Staff,and would run Bush's re-election campaign. [18] Tutwiler was one of the advisers who moved back to the White House with him. [19] After Bush lost his bid for re-election,William Barr,then the Attorney General,appointed a special prosecutor to investigate whether the Bush campaign had sought information from Bill Clinton's passport files. [20] No charges were filed,but Tutwiler and other aides had to find lawyers to represent them during the investigation. [21]
In 1996,Baker considered running for president against Clinton. [22] One of the people from whom he sought advice on whether to run was Tutwiler. [23] Tutwiler also read and critiqued drafts of Baker's memoir. [24]
When the result of the 2000 United States presidential election in Florida was in doubt,Baker became the head of the George W. Bush's legal team in the state. [25] One of the first things Baker did was to phone Tutwiler and ask her to mobilize his aides and go to Florida. [26] Tutwiler was installed in a corner office near Baker's office in the state Republican Party building. [27]
On August 25,2002,prior to the second Iraq war,the New York Times published a column by Baker urging the President to seek a United Nations Security Council resolution authorizing the use of force to compel Iraq to submit to international inspection. [28] Tutwiler urged Baker to take a harder line against a war,but Baker declined to publicly criticize the approach taken by the White House. [29]
During the administration of George W. Bush,Tutwiler was Ambassador to Morocco from March 2001 until 2003,when she became Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs,serving from December 16,2003,to June 30,2004. She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 9,2003,to replace outgoing Under Secretary Charlotte Beers. Tutwiler was given the task of leading "the government's public-relations drive to build a favorable impression abroad."[ citation needed ]
In July 2004,she began directing communications for NYSE Euronext. Her boss at the NYSE,John Thain,later brought her on board as head of communications at Merrill Lynch in December 2007 and then at CIT Group in August 2010. [30]
Tutwiler is a member of the board of directors of the International Republican Institute. [31]
Alexander Meigs Haig Jr. was United States secretary of state under president Ronald Reagan and White House chief of staff under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Prior to and in between these cabinet-level positions,he was a general in the U.S. Army,serving first as the vice chief of staff of the Army and then as Supreme Allied Commander Europe. In 1973,Haig became the youngest four-star general in the Army's history.
James Addison Baker III is an American attorney,diplomat and statesman. A member of the Republican Party,he served as the 10th White House Chief of Staff and 67th United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Ronald Reagan and the 61st U.S. Secretary of State before returning as the 16th White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush.
Karen Parfitt Hughes is the global vice chair of the public relations firm Burson-Marsteller. She served as the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs in the U.S. Department of State and as a counsellor to President George W. Bush.
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Franklyn Curran "Lyn" Nofziger was an American journalist,conservative Republican political consultant and author. He served as press secretary in Ronald Reagan's administration as Governor of California,and as a White House advisor during the Richard Nixon administration and again during the Reagan presidency.
Max Marlin Fitzwater is an American writer-journalist who served as White House Press Secretary for six years under U.S. Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush,making him one of the longest-serving press secretaries in history. He is the only U.S. Press Secretary to be appointed by two different U.S. Presidents.
Larry Melvin Speakes was an American journalist and spokesperson who acted as White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1987. He assumed the role after Press Secretary James Brady was shot on March 30,1981.
The White House communications director or White House director of communications,also known officially as Assistant to the President for Communications,is part of the senior staff of the president of the United States. The officeholder is responsible for developing and promoting the agenda of the president and leading its media campaign.
Debategate or briefing-gate was a political scandal affecting the administration of Ronald Reagan;it took place in the final days of the 1980 presidential election. Reagan's team acquired President Jimmy Carter's briefing papers,classified top secret,that Carter used in preparation for the October 28,1980 debate with Reagan. The briefing papers were never specified to be either vital strategy memos or just routine position papers. This leak of campaign papers was not divulged to the public until late June 1983,after Laurence Barrett published Gambling with History:Reagan in the White House,an in-depth account of the Reagan administration's first two years.
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Charles Graves Untermeyer,known as Chase Untermeyer,is a former United States ambassador to Qatar. He was given a recess appointment by U.S. President George W. Bush and assumed the position on August 2,2004. After three years,he was succeeded by Joseph LeBaron.
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The presidential transition of George W. Bush took place following the 2000 United States presidential election. It started after Bush was declared the victor of the election on December 12,2000,when the Bush v. Gore decision by the Supreme Court halted the election recount in Florida,making Bush the victor in that state. The decision delivered him the state's 25 electoral votes,thus giving him a total of 271 electoral votes. This was one more vote than the 270 needed to win the presidency outright,making him president-elect.
The presidential transition of George H. W. Bush began when then-Vice President Bush won the United States 1988 United States presidential election,becoming the president-elect,and ended when Bush was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20,1989.
The presidential transition of Ronald Reagan began when he won the 1980 United States presidential election,becoming the president-elect,and ended when Reagan was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20,1981.
The presidential transition of Richard Nixon began when he won the United States 1968 United States presidential election,becoming the president-elect,and ended when Nixon was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20,1969. Nixon had become president-elect once the election results became clear on November 6,1968,the day after the election. This was the first presidential transition to take place following the passage of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963.
The presidential transition of John F. Kennedy began when he won the 1960 United States presidential election,becoming the president-elect of the United States,and ended when Kennedy was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20,1961.
The presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower began when he won the United States 1952 United States presidential election,becoming the president-elect,and ended when Eisenhower was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20,1953.
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