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"La Congolaise" is the national anthem of the Republic of the Congo. It was adopted upon independence from France in 1959, replaced in 1969 by "Les Trois Glorieuses", but reinstated in 1991. The lyrics were written by Jacques Tondra and Georges Kibanghi, and the music was composed by Jean Royer and Joseph Spadilière.
The Republic of the Congo is an African nation with close musical ties to its neighbor, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Democratic Republic of the Congo's homegrown pop music, soukous, is popular across the border, and musicians from both countries have fluidly travelled throughout the region playing similarly styled music, including Nino Malapet and Jean Serge Essous. Brazzaville had a major music scene until unrest in the late 1990s, and produced popular bands like Bantous de la Capitale that played an integral role in the development of soukous and other styles of Congolese popular music. The Hip-Hop group "Bisso na Bisso" also hails from Congo-Brazzaville.
Aimé Emmanuel Yoka is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of State for Justice from 2007 to 2016. Previously he was Director of the Cabinet of President Denis Sassou Nguesso from 2002 to 2007.
Jean-Claude Gakosso is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2015. Previously he was Minister of Culture and the Arts from 2002 to 2015.
Alain Moka is a Congolese politician. He was Minister of Health and Population in the government of Congo-Brazzaville from 2002 to 2005 and has been a Deputy in the National Assembly since 2005.
Jean-Michel Bokamba-Yangouma is a Congolese politician. He was a prominent political figure from the 1970s to the 1990s, heading the Congolese Trade Union Confederation. He is currently the President of the General Movement for the Construction of Congo, a political party.
Pascal Tsaty Mabiala is a Congolese politician who has been the Secretary-General of the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS) since 2006, as well as President of the UPADS Parliamentary Group since 2007. He stood as the UPADS candidate in the 2016 presidential election.
Media in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are both nationally and internationally state owned and operated.
Lamyr Nguélé is a Congolese politician. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister-Delegate in charge of Land Reform from 2002 to 2005 and then as Minister of Land Reform from 2005 to 2009. Subsequently he was a Deputy in the National Assembly from 2009 to 2012. He has been President of the National Commission for the Fight Against Corruption since 2013.
Michel Ngakala is a Congolese military officer and politician who is a leading member of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), the ruling party in the Republic of the Congo, serving as its Permanent Secretary for Organization. He was Commander of the Congolese People's Militia during the 1980s, and he was the High Commissioner for the Reintegration of Former Combatants, a role that involved the implementation of peace agreements with rebels, from 2001 to 2012.
Anicet Wilfrid Pandou, commonly known as Willy Matsanga, was a Congolese politician. He was a militia leader during the tumultuous events of the 1990s and later served as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville from 2007 to 2014.
Sylvestre Ossiala is a Congolese politician. A specialist in the oil industry, he was a Deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville from 2002 to 2017. He was also the Second Vice-President of the National Assembly from 2012 to 2017.
Alphonse Gondzia is a Congolese politician who has served in the Senate of Congo-Brazzaville since 2002. He has also been President of the Senate's Judicial and Administrative Affairs Commission since 2002.
Joseph Hondjuila Miokono is a Congolese politician. He served briefly in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Trade during the 1990s and is the President of the Rally of Forces for Democracy (RFD), a political party.
Pierre Mabiala is a Congolese politician who has served in the government of the Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Land Affairs since 2017. Previously he was a Deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville from 2002 to 2007, a Senator from 2008 to 2009, Minister of Land Affairs from 2009 to 2016, and Minister of Justice from 2016 to 2017.
Jean-Pierre Nonault is a Congolese politician and diplomat. He was Congo-Brazzaville's Ambassador to the Soviet Union from 1974 to 1979 and Ambassador to France from 1979 to 1984. Since 2002, he has been a member of the Senate of Congo-Brazzaville.
Charles Richard Mondjo is a Congolese military officer who has served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Defense since 2012. Previously he was Chief of Staff of the Congolese Armed Forces from 2002 to 2012.
Jean-Didace Médard Moussodia is a Congolese politician who has served as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville since 2002.
Jean-Claude Ibovi is a Congolese politician who has served as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville since 2007. He is President of the Movement for Democracy and Progress (MDP), a small pro-government party.
Michel Bidimbou Pouela is a Congolese politician who has served as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville since 2007.
References
- ↑ "Republic of the Congo: Media and Publishing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ↑ "Republic of Congo Media Sustainability Index (MSI)". IREX. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ↑ "Foreign journalists harassed during and after presidential poll". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Europa 2004.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Freedom House 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Republic of Congo Profile: Media". BBC News . Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ↑ "Republic of the Congo profile". BBC. July 12, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
- ↑ "Republic of the Congo". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
