| Megophrys montana | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Megophryidae |
| Genus: | Megophrys |
| Species: | M. montana |
| Binomial name | |
| Megophrys montana Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822 [2] | |
Megophrys montana (Asian horned frog, horned frog, Asian spadefoot toad, Javan horned frog, Malayan leaf frog) is a species of frog found in Java and possibly Sumatra. [2] [3]
Megophrys montana is a relatively large frog: males can reach 92 mm (3.6 in) in snout-vent length and females 111 mm (4.4 in). As their common name suggests, these frogs have "horns": their upper eyelids have horn-like elongations. [3]
Known with certainty only from Java and possibly from western Sumatra, Indonesia. Records of Megophrys montana outside this range (from Thailand southeast to Sumatra, Natuna Islands, Borneo, and the Philippines) apply to related named and unnamed species. [2] They occur from near sea level up to at least 1,200 m (3,900 ft). Megophrys montana live on the forest floor in primary and secondary forests, and to some extent, plantations. [1]
These frogs are relatively clumsy and rely on camouflage for defense. They do not move unless touched or molested. [3]
Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to the Philippines. Fossil remains are also known from North America. As of 2014 it encompasses 246 species of frogs divided between five genera. For lack of a better vernacular name, they are commonly called megophryids.
The long-nosed horned frog, also known as the Malayan horned frog or Malayan leaf frog is a species of frog restricted to the rainforest areas of southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia to Singapore, Sumatra, and Borneo. However, records from Thailand to the Sunda Shelf may apply to another, possibly unnamed species.
Megophrys is a genus of frogs in the family Megophryidae. They are endemic to Indonesia, where they are found on the islands of Java and Sumatra. They commonly have elongated upper "eyebrows" and are thus known as Indonesian horned toads. This group was thought to contain many more species and have a much wider distribution prior to recent taxonomic revisions.
Boulenophrys parva is a species of horned frog found in South Asia and Southeast Asia, from eastern India and Nepal through Bangladesh and Burma to western Thailand and southern China and northern Laos and Vietnam. Perhaps because of its wide distribution, Boulenophrys parva is known under many common names, including concave-crowned horned toad, lesser stream horned frog, mountain horned frog, brown horn frog, Burmese spadefoot toad, and small spadefoot toad. It inhabits evergreen broadleaf forests alongside streams.
Boulenophrys brachykolos, the short-legged horned toad or Peak spadefoot toad, is a frog native to southern China and Vietnam. It was first discovered in the Victoria Peak, Hong Kong. Many populations of Hong Kong are in the country parks, such as Lung Fu Shan Country Park.
Megophrys parallela is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to Sumatra and known from a number of localities on mountains along the island's western coast where it is expected to have a wide distribution.
Xenophrys aceras, commonly known as the Perak horned toad, Perak spadefoot toad or Malayan horned frog, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae found in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, and possibly in Indonesia. Its common name refers to its type locality, Bukit Besar in Perak state, Malaysia.
Dring's horned toad, or Dring's horned frog, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae found in Mount Mulu is Sarawak, Borneo (Malaysia). Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
The Kuatun horned toad, or Kuatun spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is found in southeastern China and northern Vietnam. Its name is testimony to its type locality, Kuatun village in Wuyishan, Fujian.
Xenophrys longipes is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is also known as the Malacca spadefoot toad, red legged spine-eyed frog, red-legged horn frog, and slender-legged horned frog. It is found in the Malay Peninsula. Records from Cambodia and Vietnam are considered doubtful.
The Omei horned toad, also known as the Mount Omei spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Sichuan and Tibet in China, including the type locality, Mount Emei and possibly in Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Kalophrynus minusculus is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to Indonesia and occurs on extreme western Java and on the southeastern tip of Sumatra. It is a relatively small frog, as suggested by its specific name minusculus and vernacular names small sticky frog and dwarf sticky frog.
The palmated chorus frog is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and freshwater marshes. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.
Limnonectes shompenorum is a species of frog in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in Great Nicobar Island (India), its type locality, and in western Sumatra (Indonesia). It is similar to Limnonectes macrodon. The name refers to Shompen people, the indigenous people of the interior of Great Nicobar Island.
Philautus kempii is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is known with certainty from its type locality, Upper Rotung in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India, in the area also claimed by China. It is also reported from Arunachal Pradesh in general as well as from extreme eastern Tibet; these might represent another species. Very little is known about this species, and even its taxonomic validity remains uncertain.
Rhacophorus poecilonotus, also known as the Sumatra flying frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia.
Boulenophrys sangzhiensis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to China, being only known from the type locality in Sangzhi County, Hunan, in south-central China.
Chalcorana chalconota is a species of "true frog", family Ranidae. It is endemic to Indonesia and occurs in southern Sumatra, Java, Bali, and a few smaller islands. Populations previously assigned to this species now belong to a number of other Chalcorana species, leading to the current delineation of Chalcorana chalconota with a much narrower range. This species is also known as the Schlegel's frog, brown stream frog, copper-cheeked frog, or, among with many other species, white-lipped frog.
Boulenophrys cheni is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to the middle Luoxiao Mountains at the border of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in south-eastern China. Its specific name honours Chen Chunquan, former director of the Jinggang National Nature Reserve.
Pelobatrachus is a genus of frogs in the family Megophryidae. It was formerly synonymized with Megophrys until 2021, when it was revived as a distinct genus. They inhabit Southeast Asia, namely the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines. Their common name is clay horned toads.
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