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The chickpea or chick pea is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Its different types are variously known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. Chickpea seeds are high in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, and 7500-year-old remains have been found in the Middle East.
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of legumes and Parasponia.
Sinorhizobium meliloti are an aerobic, Gram-negative, and diazotrophic species of bacteria. S. meliloti are motile and possess a cluster of peritrichous flagella. S. meliloti fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for their legume symbionts, such as alfalfa. S. meliloti forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis promotes the development of a plant organ, termed a root nodule. Because soil often contains a limited amount of nitrogen for plant use, the symbiotic relationship between S. meliloti and their legume hosts has agricultural applications. These techniques reduce the need for inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers.
Sinorhizobium/Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), three of which have been sequenced.
Neorhizobium galegae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes in the genus Galega.
Mesorhizobium loti, formerly known as Rhizobium loti, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species. Its name is a reference to Lotus corniculatus, a flowering plant from which it was originally isolated.
Sinorhizobium fredii is a nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Sinorhizobium. It is a fast-growing root nodule bacteria. Sinorhizobium fredii exhibit a broad host-range and are able to nodulate both determinant hosts such as soy as well as indeterminate hosts including the pigeon pea. Because of their ease of host infection there is interest in their genetics and the symbiotic role in host infection and nodule formation.
Pararhizobium giardinii is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of Phaseolus vulgaris.
Rhizobium gallicum is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of Phaseolus vulgaris.
Mesorhizobium tianshanense, formerly known as Rhizobium tianshanense, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species. Its type strain is A-1BS.
Mesorhizobium plurifarium is a species of root nodule bacteria first isolated from Acacia species in Senegal. Its type strain is ORS 1032.
Mesorhizobium amorphae is a species of root nodule bacteria first isolated from Amorpha fruticosa species in China. It is purported to be native to American soil. Its genome has been sequenced. Its type strain is ACCC 19665.
Rhizobium mongolense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica. Its type strain is USDA 1844.
Mesorhizobium caraganae is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Caragana microphyllain in the Beipiao City in the Liaoning Province in China.
Mesorhizobium huakuii is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from the legume Astragalus sinicus in Nanjing in China. Rhizobium huakuii was transferred to Mesorhizobium huakuii.
Mesorhizobium mediterraneum is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium, which was isolated from root nodule of the Chickpea in Spain. The species Rhizobium mediterraneum was subsequently transferred to Mesorhizobium mediterraneum. This species, along with many other closely related taxa, have been found to promote production of chickpea and other crops worldwide by forming symbiotic relationships.
Mesorhizobium muleiense is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Cicer arietinum in Xinjiang in China.
Rhizobium lusitanum is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, specifically nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris. Its type strain is P1-7T.
Brucella ciceri is a gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic bacteria from the genus of Brucella which was isolated from Cicer arietinum in Pakistan.
Rhizobium bangladeshense is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh.
References
- ↑ LSPN lpsn.dsmz.de
- ↑ Straininfo of Mesorhizobium ciceri
- ↑ Taxonomy Browser
- ↑ ATCC
- ↑ Nandasena, K. G.; O'Hara, G. W.; Tiwari, R. P.; Willems, A.; Howieson, J. G. (2007). "Mesorhizobium ciceri biovar biserrulae, a novel biovar nodulating the pasture legume Biserrula pelecinus L". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 57 (5): 1041–5. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.64891-0 . PMID 17473255.
- ↑ UniProt
- ↑ Jarvis, B. D. W.; Van Berkum, P.; Chen, W. X.; Nour, S. M.; Fernandez, M. P.; Cleyet-Marel, J. C.; Gillis, M. (1997). "Transfer of Rhizobium loti, Rhizobium huakuii, Rhizobium ciceri, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and Rhizobium tianshanense To mesorhizobium gen. nov". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 47 (3): 895. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-3-895 .