Related Research Articles
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. In general, they are gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.
Diazotrophs are bacteria and archaea that fix atmospheric nitrogen gas into a more usable form such as ammonia.
Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. This process has evolved multiple times within the legumes, as well as in other species found within the Rosid clade. Legume crops include beans, peas, and soybeans.
Nod factors, are signaling molecules produced by soil bacteria known as rhizobia in response to flavonoid exudation from plants under nitrogen limited conditions. Nod factors initiate the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia by inducing nodulation. Nod factors produce the differentiation of plant tissue in root hairs into nodules where the bacteria reside and are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere for the plant in exchange for photosynthates and the appropriate environment for nitrogen fixation. One of the most important features provided by the plant in this symbiosis is the production of leghemoglobin, which maintains the oxygen concentration low and prevents the inhibition of nitrogenase activity.
Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates.
Methylorubrum populi is an aerobic, pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic, methane-utilizing bacterium isolated from poplar trees. Its type strain is BJ001T.
Methylobacterium brachiatum is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from water from food processing factories in Japan.
Methylobacterium bullatum is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the moss Funaria hygrometrica in the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe near Kassel in Germany.
Methylobacterium gossipiicola is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from cotton in Coimbatore in India.
Methylobacterium jeotgali is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from fermented seafood jeotgal in Korea.
Methylobacterium oryzae is a facultatively methylotrophic and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from tissues of the rice plant Oryza sativa in Cheongwon in Korea. Methylobacterium oryzae can utilize 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate. Methylobacterium oryzae can promote plant growth.
Methylobacterium persicinum is a facultatively methylotrophic and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the rice plant Oryza sativa in Iksan in Korea.
Methylobacterium phyllostachyos is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the surface of a bamboo leaf.
Methylobacterium pseudosasicola is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming strictly aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and motile bacteria from the genus Methylobacterium which has been isolated together with Methylobacterium phyllostachyos from the surface of a bamboo leaf.
Methylobacterium tarhaniae is a Gram-negative, aerobic and facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from arid soil in Abuja in Nigeria.
Methylobacterium thuringiense is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium.
Methylobacterium trifolii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium.
Methylorubrum suomiense is a facultatively methylotrophic and aerobic bacteria from the genus Methylorubrum which has been isolated from forest soil in Finland.
Methylorubrum pseudosasae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus Methylorubrum which has been isolated from bamboo leaves.
A symbiosome is a specialised compartment in a host cell that houses an endosymbiont in a symbiotic relationship.
References
- ↑ Jourand, P. (2004). "Methylobacterium nodulans sp. nov., for a group of aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic, legume root-nodule-forming and nitrogen-fixing bacteria". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54 (6): 2269–2273. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.02902-0 . ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 15545469.
