Metopininae

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Metopininae
Apocephalus(Mesophora) longistylus, male.jpg
Apocephalus longistylus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Superfamily: Platypezoidea
Family: Phoridae
Subfamily: Metopininae

The Metopininae are the largest subfamily of flies in the family Phoridae, largely due to the inclusion of the extremely species-rich genus Megaselia. [1] Members of this subfamily are widespread and common, with species such as Megaselia scalaris being particularly ubiquitous

Contents

Taxonomy

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Tribe: Beckerinini

Tribe: Metopinini Peterson 1987 [3]

Ecology

Members of the subfamily Metopininae exhibit diverse ecological habits, particularly within the large genus Megaselia . Larvae of many species are saprophagous, developing in decaying organic material such as fruit, fungi, or compost, while others act as parasitoids. For example, Megaselia scalaris has been recorded as a parasitoid of Isognathus caricae caterpillars. [34] Certain Metopininae species are also regarded as agricultural pests. “Cob flies” (various Megaselia spp.) are known to infest sweet corn, where larvae feed on developing kernels. [35]

References

  1. ↑ Marshall, Stephen A. (2012). Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-77085-100-8.
  2. ↑ Malloch, J.R. (1910). "Scottish Phoridae, with tables of all the British species, and notes of localities". Scottish Naturalist. 1910: 15–21.
  3. ↑ Peterson, B. V. (1987). "Phoridae. Canada Department of Agriculture Research Branch, Monograph no. 27". Manual of Nearctic Diptera. 2: 689–712.
  4. 1 2 Borgmeier, T. (1924). "Novos generos e especies de phorideos do Brasil". Boletim do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro. 1: 167–202.
  5. 1 2 Brues, C.T. (1902). "New and little known guests of the Texan legionary ants" (PDF). American Naturalist. 36 (425): 365–378. doi:10.1086/278138. JSTOR   2453445. S2CID   84853668 . Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  6. ↑ Coquillett, Daniel William (1901). "[Apocephalus n. gen.]. In: Pergande, the ant decapitating fly". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 4: 501. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  7. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1927). "Revision der Phoridengattungen mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 16: 72–79.
  8. ↑ Wandolleck, Benno (1898). "Die Stethopathidae, eine neue flugel- und schwingerlose Familie der Diptera". Zoologischer Jahrbücher (Syst.). 11: 412–441. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  9. 1 2 Brues, C.T. (1901). "wo new myrmecophilous genera of aberrant Phoridae from Texas". American Naturalist. 35 (413): 337–356. doi:10.1086/277919. hdl: 2152/31121 . S2CID   14741528.
  10. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1924). "Een nieuwe phoride, Cremersia zikani n. g. n. sp". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 13: 32–34.
  11. ↑ Borgmeier, T. (1961). "Weitere Beitraege zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Phoriden, nebst Beschreibung einiger Dohrniphora-Arten aus der indo-australischen Region (Diptera, Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 4: 1–112.
  12. ↑ Borgmeier, T. (1959). "Neue und wenig bekannte Phoriden aus der neotropischen Region. Nebst einigen Arten aud dem Belgischen Congo-Gebiet (Diptera, Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 2: 129–208.
  13. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1923). "Zwei neue Phoriden aus Argentinien, von H. Schmitz S. J.". Revista del Museo de La Plata. 27: 209–212.
  14. 1 2 Macquart, P.J.M. (1835). Histoire Naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxieme. Paris: Roret. pp. 710 pp., 12 pls.
  15. ↑ Brown, B.V. (1988). "Additions to the phorid chapter in the Manual of Nearctic Diptera". The Canadian Entomologist. 120: 307–322. doi:10.4039/Ent120307-4. S2CID   84401843.
  16. ↑ Borgmeier, T. (1962). "Some new North American species of the dipterous family Phoridae". Revista Brasileira de Biologia. 22: 65–82. PMID   13871322.
  17. ↑ Rondani, Camillo (1856). Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus. Vol: I. Genera italica ordinis Dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. Parmae [= Parma].: A. Stocchi. pp. 226 + [2] pp.
  18. ↑ Brues, Charles Thomas (1904). "A monograph of the North American Phoridae". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. (1903) 29: 369–404. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  19. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1927). "Revision der Phoridengattungen mit Beschreibung neuer Gattungen und Arten". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 16: 92–100.
  20. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1934). "Eine neue parasitische Phoride aus dem Mittelmeergebiet. Microselia rivierae n. g., n. sp". Brotéria (Serie Ciências Naturais). 3: 10–14.
  21. ↑ Borgmeier, Thomas (1928). "Nota previa sobre alguns phorideos que parasitam formigas cortadeiras dos generos Atta e AcroPmyrmex". Bol. Biol. Lab. Arasit. Fac. Med. S. Paulo. 1928: 119–126.
  22. ↑ Malloch, J.R. (1914). "Costa Rican Diptera collected by Philip P. Calvert, Paper I. A partial report on the Borboridae, Phoridae and Agromyzidae". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 40: 8–36, 1 plate.
  23. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1927). "Klassifikation der Phoriden und Gattungsschluessel [concl.]". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 16: 19–28.
  24. ↑ Enderlein, G. (1912). "Die Phoridenfauna Süd-Brasiliens". Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 73: 16–45.
  25. ↑ Brues, C.T. (1933). "A new genus of Phoridae from Peru" (PDF). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 40 (3): 106–111. doi: 10.1155/1933/63795 . Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  26. ↑ Borgmeier, Thomaz (1958). "Neue Beitraege zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Phoriden (Diptera, Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 1: 305–406.
  27. ↑ Coquillett, D.W. (1907). "A new phorid genus with horny ovipositor". The Canadian Entomologist. 39 (6): 207–208. doi:10.4039/Ent39207-6. S2CID   84271314.
  28. ↑ Dahl, F.T. (1897). "Puliciphora, eine neue flohahnliche Fliegengattung". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 20: 409–412.
  29. ↑ Malloch, John Russell (1923). "A new genus of Phoridae (Diptera)". Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 18: 143–144. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  30. ↑ Borgmeier, T. (1963). "Revision of the North American Phorid Flies. Part 1. (Dipt. Phoridae)". Studia Entomologica. 6: 1–256.
  31. 1 2 Borgmeier, T. (1960). "Nota previa sobre quatro generos novos da familia Phoridae (Diptera)". Studia Entomologica. 3: 489–492.
  32. ↑ Aldrich, J.M. "New Diptera, or two-winged flies, from America, Asia, and Java, with additional notes". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 81 (9): 28 pp., 1 pl. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  33. ↑ Schmitz, H. (1925). "Trophithauma, eine neue Phoridengattung aus Costa Rica und den Philippinen". Natuurhistorisch Maandblad. 14: 40.
  34. ↑ Disney, R.H.L. (2008). "A new record of the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae) as a parasitoid of Isognathus caricae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)". Entomological Communications. 20: 1–4.
  35. ↑ "Cob Flies, Megaselia spp. (Insecta: Diptera: Phoridae)". Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Retrieved 7 October 2025.
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