| Metopus | |
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 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
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| Order: | |
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| Genus: | Metopus |
| Species | |
Metopus brachoni [1] | |
Metopus is a genus of anaerobic organisms from the family of Metopidae. [1] [3] [4] [5]
| Metopus | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Phylum: | |
| Subphylum: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | Metopus |
| Species | |
Metopus brachoni [1] | |
Metopus is a genus of anaerobic organisms from the family of Metopidae. [1] [3] [4] [5]
Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate (NO3−) is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products. Facultative anaerobic bacteria perform denitrification as a type of respiration that reduces oxidized forms of nitrogen in response to the oxidation of an electron donor such as organic matter. The preferred nitrogen electron acceptors in order of most to least thermodynamically favorable include nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) finally resulting in the production of dinitrogen (N2) completing the nitrogen cycle. Denitrifying microbes require a very low oxygen concentration of less than 10%, as well as organic C for energy. Since denitrification can remove NO3−, reducing its leaching to groundwater, it can be strategically used to treat sewage or animal residues of high nitrogen content. Denitrification can leak N2O, which is an ozone-depleting substance and a greenhouse gas that can have a considerable influence on global warming.
A hydrogenosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in some anaerobic ciliates, flagellates, and fungi. Hydrogenosomes are highly variable organelles that have presumably evolved from protomitochondria to produce molecular hydrogen and ATP in anaerobic conditions.
Mörnsheim, or Moernsheim, is a municipality in the district of Eichstätt in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the river Gailach and the surrounding rocks date back to the Late Jurassic (Tithonian).
Paramecium caudatum is a species of unicellular protist in the phylum Ciliophora. They can reach 0.33 mm in length and are covered with minute hair-like organelles called cilia. The cilia are used in locomotion and feeding. The species is very common, and widespread in marine, brackish and freshwater environments.
Protozoa are a group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. Historically, protozoans were regarded as "one-celled animals", because they often possess animal-like behaviours, such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found in plants and many algae.
Colpoda is a genus of ciliates in the class Colpodea, order Colpodida, and family Colpodidae.
The ciliates are a group of alveolates characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all members of the group and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation.
Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of physiology. A continuation of a journal founded in 1868 by the German physiologist, Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger, Pflügers Archiv is the oldest physiological journal. Pflügers Archiv is currently published by Springer, with 11 issues per year.
Methanoplanus endosymbiosus is a species of archaeon, an endosymbiont of the marine sapropelic ciliate Metopus contortus. It is an irregular, disc-shaped bacterium with a diameter of 1.6–3.4 μms and type strain MC1. Its 16S DNA was sequenced in 1994, eight years after the initial isolation, and it was found to share considerable similarity with that of Methanoplanus limicola.
Colpidium colpoda are free-living ciliates commonly found in many freshwater environments including streams, rivers, lakes and ponds across the world. Colpidium colpoda is also frequently found inhabiting wastewater treatment plants. This species is used as an indicator of water quality and waste treatment plant performance.
Virchows Archiv: European Journal of Pathology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of all aspects of pathology, especially human pathology. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and an official publication of the European Society of Pathology. It was established in 1847 by Rudolf Virchow and his friend Benno Reinhardt as the Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin. After Virchow's death, it was renamed after him to Virchows Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin. The European Society of Pathology adopted it as its official journal in 1999, so that its current name became Virchows Archiv: European Journal of Pathology.
Penicillium javanicum is an anamorph species of the genus of Penicillium which produces xathomegnin.
Streptomyces orinoci is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces orinoci produces the antibiotics spectinabilin, neoantimycin, neoaureothin and ochramycin.
Arthrobacter globiformis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter.
Armophorea is a class of ciliates in the subphylum Intramacronucleata. . It was first resolved in 2004 and comprises three orders: Metopida, Clevelandellida, and Armophorida. Previously members of this class were thought to be heterotrichs because of similarities in morphology, most notably a characteristic dense arrangement of cilia surrounding their oral structures. However, the development of genetic tools and subsequent incorporation of DNA sequence information has led to major revisions in the evolutionary relationships of many protists, including ciliates. Metopids, clevelandellids, and armophorids were grouped into this class based on similarities in their small subunit rRNA sequences, making them one of two so-called "riboclasses" of ciliates, however, recent analyses suggest that Armophorida may not be related to the other two orders.
Kentrophoros is a genus of ciliates in the class Karyorelictea. Ciliates in this genus lack a distinct oral apparatus and depend primarily on symbiotic bacteria for their nutrition.
Caloranaerobacter is a Gram-negative, thermophilic, anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae.
Stentor roeselii is a free-living ciliate species of the genus Stentor, in the class Heterotrichea. It is a common and widespread protozoan, found throughout the world in freshwater ponds, lakes, rivers and ditches.
Thiococcus is a Gram-negative, non‐motile, obligately phototrophic and strictly anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Chromatiaceae with one known species. Thiococcus pfennigii was first isolated from salt marshes.
Parablepharismea is a class of free-living marine and brackish anaerobic ciliates that form a major clade of obligate anaerobes within the SAL group, together with the classes Muranotrichea and Armophorea.
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