Miacoidea

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Miacoidea
Temporal range: 66.0–33.9  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
early Paleocene to late Eocene
Miacis parvivorus Cope.jpg
skull of Miacis parvivorus
Viverravus minutus 2.jpg
skull of Viverravus minutus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Carnivoramorpha
Superfamily: Miacoidea
Cope, 1880 [1]
Families

Miacoidea ("small points") is a former paraphyletic superfamily of extinct placental mammals that lived during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, about 66-33,9 million years ago. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] This group had been traditionally divided into two families of primitive carnivorous mammals: Miacidae (the miacids) and Viverravidae (the viverravids). These mammals were basal to order Carnivora, the crown-group within the Carnivoramorpha.

Contents

Biology

Miacoids were mostly small carnivorous mammals, superficially reminiscent of martens or civets. They probably fed on invertebrates, lizards, birds and smaller mammals like shrews and rodents, while others may have been insectivores. Some species were arboreal, others lived on the ground. Their teeth and skull show that the miacoids were less developed than modern carnivores.

Classification

Phylogeny

  Ferungulata  

Euungulata Equus quagga (white background).jpg

  Ferae  

Pholidota Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg

Creodonta Hyaenodon horridus by R. B. Horsfall (coloured).jpg

  Carnivoramorpha  
 ? 

Ravenictis

Viverravidae

 ? 

"Sinopa" insectivorus

Miacoidea

Miacidae Miacis restoration.jpg

Carnivora Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).jpg

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Creodonta</span> Former order of extinct flesh-eating placental mammals

Creodonta is a former order of extinct carnivorous placental mammals that lived from the early Paleocene to the late Miocene epochs in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Originally thought to be a single group of animals ancestral to the modern Carnivora, this order is now usually considered a polyphyletic assemblage of two different groups, the Oxyaenids and the Hyenodonts, not a natural group. Oxyaenids are first known from the Palaeocene of North America, while hyaenodonts hail from the Palaeocene of Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viverravidae</span> Extinct family of carnivores

Viverravidae is an extinct monophyletic family of mammals from extinct superfamily Viverravoidea within the clade Carnivoramorpha, that lived from the early Palaeocene to the late Eocene in North America, Europe and Asia. They were once thought to be the earliest carnivorans and ancestral to extant ones, but now are placed outside the order Carnivora based on cranial morphology as relatives to extant carnivorans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miacidae</span> Extinct family of carnivores

Miacidae is a former paraphyletic family of extinct primitive placental mammals that lived in North America, Europe and Asia during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, about 65-33,9 million years ago. These mammals were basal to order Carnivora, the crown-group within the Carnivoraformes.

<i>Miacis</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Miacis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carnivoramorpha</span> Clade of carnivores

Carnivoramorpha is a clade of placental mammals that includes the modern order Carnivora and its extinct stem-relatives.

<i>Vulpavus</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Vulpavus is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene.

<i>Miocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Miocyon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to late Eocene.

<i>Oodectes</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Oodectes is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene.

<i>Palaearctonyx</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Palaearctonyx is an extinct genus of omnivorous placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene.

<i>Prodaphaenus</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Prodaphaenus is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America during the middle Eocene.

<i>Tapocyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Tapocyon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America during the middle Eocene. Tapocyon was about the size of a coyote and is believed to have been a good climber that spent a lot of time in trees.

<i>Uintacyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Uintacyon is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene.

<i>Vassacyon</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Vassacyon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America and Europe from late Paleocene to early Eocene. It is considered the largest of the early Eocene mammals.

<i>Bryanictis</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Bryanictis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America, from the early to late Paleocene.

<i>Didymictis</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Didymictis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America and Europe from the late Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<i>Ictidopappus</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Ictidopappus is an extinct genus of mammals from extinct subfamily Ictidopappinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America during the early Paleocene.

Intyrictis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America during early Paleocene.

Pristinictis is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America during middle Paleocene.

<i>Viverravus</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Viverravus is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Viverravinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the middle Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<i>Protictis</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Protictis is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America from early Paleocene to middle Eocene.

References

  1. E. D. Cope (1880.) "On the genera of the Creodonta." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 19:76-82
  2. J. J. Hooker (1986.) "Mammals from the Bartonian (middle/late Eocene) of the Hampshire Basin, southern England." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39(4):191-478
  3. Robert L. Carroll (1988.) "Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution." W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, Miacoidea
  4. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-11012-9 . Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  5. J. J. Flynn (1998.) "Early Cenozoic Carnivora ("Miacoidea")." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN   9780521355193
  6. T. J. Meehan and R. W. Wilson (2002) "New viverravids from the Torrejonian (Middle Paleocene) of Kutz Canyon, New Mexico and the oldest skull of the order Carnivora." Journal of Paleontology 76(6):1091-1101
  7. K. D. Rose, A. E. Chew, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke and S. P. Zack (2012) "Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36:1-122