In the United States,Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age,Survivors,and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The Social Security Act was passed in 1935,and the existing version of the Act,as amended,encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a means-tested program that provides cash payments to disabled children,disabled adults,and individuals aged 65 or older who are citizens or nationals of the United States. SSI was created by the Social Security Amendments of 1972 and is incorporated in Title 16 of the Social Security Act. The program is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) and began operations in 1974.
The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security,a social insurance program consisting of retirement,disability and survivor benefits. To qualify for most of these benefits,most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings;the claimant's benefits are based on the wage earner's contributions. Otherwise benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are given based on need.
The Bristol-Myers Squibb Company,doing business as Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS),is an American multinational pharmaceutical company. Headquartered in Princeton,New Jersey,BMS is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies and consistently ranks on the Fortune 500 list of the largest U.S. corporations. For fiscal 2022,it had a total revenue of $46.2 billion.
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated is an American biopharmaceutical company based in Boston,Massachusetts. It was one of the first biotech firms to use an explicit strategy of rational drug design rather than combinatorial chemistry. It maintains headquarters in Boston,Massachusetts,and three research facilities,in San Diego,California,and Milton Park,Oxfordshire,England.
Venrock is a venture capital firm formed in 1969 to build upon the successful investing activities of the Rockefeller family that began in the late 1930s. It has offices in Palo Alto,California,New York City,and Boston,Massachusetts.
Alex Michael Azar II is an American attorney,businessman,lobbyist,and former pharmaceutical executive who served as the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2018 to 2021. Azar was nominated to his post by President Donald Trump on November 13,2017,and confirmed by the United States Senate on January 24,2018. He was also chairman of the White House Coronavirus Task Force from its inception in January 2020 to February 2020,when he was replaced by Vice President Mike Pence.
Jo Anne Bryant Barnhart was the 14th commissioner of the Social Security Administration,filling a six-year term of office that ran through January 19,2007.
Social Security Disability Insurance is a payroll tax-funded federal insurance program of the United States government. It is managed by the Social Security Administration and designed to provide monthly benefits to people who have a medically determinable disability that restricts their ability to be employed. SSDI does not provide partial or temporary benefits but rather pays only full benefits and only pays benefits in cases in which the disability is "expected to last at least one year or result in death." Relative to disability programs in other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),the SSDI program in the United States has strict requirements regarding eligibility.
Jeffrey B. Kindler is an American healthcare executive and private investor. He served as chairman and CEO of the pharmaceutical company Pfizer from 2006 to 2010. Kindler has later served as CEO of Centrexion Inc.,and chairman of the GLG Institute.
Karen Eileen Spilka is an American politician and attorney serving as a Democratic member of the Massachusetts Senate. She represents the towns of Ashland,Framingham,Holliston,Hopkinton,Medway and Natick in the MetroWest region of Massachusetts. She has served as the 95th President of the Massachusetts Senate since July 2018. Previously she served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 2001 to 2005.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) is a nonprofit organization,based in Connecticut,aiming to provide support for individuals with rare diseases by advocating and funding research,education,and networking among service providers. It was founded in 1983 by Abbey Meyers,along with individuals and rare diseases leaders of rare disease support groups,and it is a 501(c)(3) tax exempt organization.
Acorda Therapeutics,Inc. is an American biotechnology company based in Pearl River,New York. The company develops therapies that improve neurological function in people with Parkinson's disease,multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. Acorda Therapeutics manufactures and markets the drugs Inbrija and Ampyra (dalfampridine) in the United States.
United Therapeutics Corporation is an American publicly traded biotechnology company and public benefit corporation listed on the NASDAQ under the symbol UTHR. It develops novel,life-extending technologies for patients in the areas of lung disease and organ manufacturing. United Therapeutics is co-headquartered in Silver Spring,Maryland and Research Triangle Park,North Carolina,with additional facilities in Magog and Bromont,Quebec;Melbourne and Jacksonville,Florida;Blacksburg,Virginia;and Manchester,New Hampshire.
Brett P. Giroir is an American pediatrician. He was formerly the U.S. assistant secretary for health,a four-star admiral in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and an acting Food and Drug Administration commissioner.
AbbVie Inc. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in North Chicago,Illinois. It is ranked sixth on the list of largest biomedical companies by revenue. In 2023,the company's seat in Forbes Global 2000 was 74,and rank 89 on the 2024 list. The company's primary product is Humira (adalimumab),administered via injection. It is approved to treat autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis,Crohn's disease,plaque psoriasis,and ulcerative colitis.
Timothy M. Broas is an American lawyer and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands from March 19,2014,to February 13,2016.
The Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) is the largest advocacy association in the world representing the biotechnology industry. It was founded in 1993 as the Biotechnology Industry Organization from a merger of the Industrial Biotechnology Association (IBA) and the Association of Biotechnology Companies (ABC),and changed its name to the Biotechnology Innovation Organization on January 4,2016. Biotechnology Innovation Organization serves more than 1,100 biotechnology firms,research schools,state biotechnology centers and related associations in the United States and in more than 30 other countries.
The Society of Classical Poets is a nonprofit organization that is dedicated to reviving traditional poetry. It typically publishes,online and in its annual journal,a variety of poetry that uses rhyme and meter.
Steven Nathan Berk is an American lawyer and former judge. He served as an Associate Judge on the Superior Court of the District of Columbia from 2016 to 2021.
