Moga Massacre (1989)

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1989 Moga Massacre
Part of Insurgency in Punjab
LocationNehru Park, Moga, India
Date25 June 1989 (IST)
Target Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Attack type
Bomb Blast
Mass Shooting
Deaths26
Injured35
Perpetrators
Motive

The 1989 Moga Massare was a massacre targeting Hindus where 21 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) members and 5 others, including a police officer and home guard, were killed at Nehru Park in Moga during an RSS meeting. [1] The massacre was organised and executed by Sikh militants. [2]

Contents

Incident

On 25 June 1989 the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) organised an event at Nehru Park in Moga during the early hours of the morning. [3] Sikh militants of Khalistan Liberation Force and Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan, [4] led by Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala, [5] [6] fired indiscriminately with automatic weapons from a white van killing multiple people before escaping in the same vehicle. [3] [7] [8] Following the firing two bombs exploded killing multiple others. 26 were killed and 35 injured. A majority of the killed were RSS members with 2 security officials also killed. [9] [10] [11] A responding Deputy Superintendent of Police and Inspector were seriously injured in the second explosion. [12] The firing lasted for over 5 minutes. [13] Police alleged the attack was done to spread terror and push Hindus out of Punjab where militants want a nation called Khalistan formed. [14] Home Minister Buta Singh described the incident as, "a very serious attempt on the part of terrorists to whip up tension along communal lines." [3]

Aftermath

While escaping the militants shot dead a Hindu couple from their vehicle and seriously injured their daughter. [12] Immediately following the massacre a curfew was instated in Moga and the BJP and RSS organised a bandh on the following day in Delhi. [15] [16] A total bandh was organised the next day across Punjab [15] and police heavily tightened security. [16] The Central Reserve Police Force faced heavy criticism for their delayed response despite being stationed 50 yards away. [17] State Governor S. S. Ray gave the police 7 days to capture the killers responsible "dead or alive". [13]

Two days after the incident Khalistan Liberation Force and Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan claimed responsibility for the massacre and credited it to Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala, Dyal Singh, Bamb Singh, and Avtar Singh Jayak. [4] The mastermind of the plot, Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala, would be killed in a police encounter in 1992. [18]

The park would later be renamed to Shahidi Park (Martyr Park) where a memorial would be erected. [7] A memorial committee would be formed that pay tributes to the victims families every year. [10]

See also

References

  1. Mainstream. N. Chakravartty. 1989. p. 1.
  2. Rudra, Kalyan (2005). Rise and Fall of Punjab Terrorism, 1978-1993. Bright Law House. p. 69. ISBN   978-81-85524-96-2.
  3. 1 2 3 "SIKH MILITANTS FIRE ON HINDU GATHERING IN PUNJAB". The Washington Post. 26 June 1989. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  4. 1 2 "मोगा कांड की जिम्मेदारी दो संगठनों ने ली". Punjab Kesari . 26 June 1989. p. 3.
  5. Joshi, Manoj (1993). Combating Terrorism in Punjab: Indian Democracy in Crisis. Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  6. Swami, Praveen (29 March 2023). "Why does the ghost of Khalistan still haunt Punjab? Story of this father & son has answers". ThePrint. Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  7. 1 2 "Shahidi Park | District Moga, Government of Punjab | India" . Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  8. Tight security in Punjab after 24 killed. Manila Standard. 27 June 1989. p. 15.
  9. Marwah, Ved (1997). Uncivil Wars: Pathology of Terrorism in India. HarperCollins. p. 393. ISBN   978-81-7223-251-1.
  10. 1 2 "Punjab militancy: 26 years on, Moga observes its 'darkest day'". The Times of India. 29 June 2015. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  11. "Bittu pays homage to RSS workers massacred in 1989". The Times of India. 1 July 2024. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 26 November 2025.
  12. 1 2 "में द्वारा मोगा में संघ की शाखा पर अंधाधुंध फ़ार्यारंग करके 26 लोगों की हत्या, 22 घायल : 2 बम". Punjab Kesari . 25 June 1989. pp. 1, 8.
  13. 1 2 Data India. Press Institute of India. 1989. p. 310.
  14. Sabha, India Parliament Rajya. Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. Council of States Secretariat. p. 127.
  15. 1 2 Morrison, Madison (1997). Happening. Sterling Publishers Private Limited. p. 273. ISBN   978-81-207-1989-7.
  16. 1 2 India. The Sydney Morning Herald.
  17. KAUSHAL, DHARMENDRA (1 October 2007). R.S.S. RESOLVES: 1950-2007. Suruchi Prakashan. pp. 174–175. ISBN   978-81-89622-30-5.
  18. Archives, L. A. Times (31 July 1992). "Top Sikh Guerrilla Leader Reported Killed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 March 2023.