List of terrorist incidents in Punjab, India

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This is a partial list of victims of violence in Punjab (India) during the 1980s and 1990s.

Contents

During the Punjab insurgency

DatePlaceIncident
29 Sep 1981Sikh separatists hijack Indian jetliner to Pakistan. All passengers rescued by Pakistani commandos. [1]
16 October 1981ChandigarhIAS officer Mr. Naranjan Singh was attacked in the civil secretariat. He survived but his brother Surinder Singh ACSO of defence HQ was killed by the Sikh extremists. Several Hindu temples attacked [2]
August 4, 1982AmritsarA Sikh granthi, Gurbaksh Singh, hijacked an Indian Airlines Boeing 737 with a fake bomb. He surrendered peacefully after Pakistan refused permission for its landing at Lahore. The granthi had demanded $300,000, safe passage to North America, and the release of various imprisoned Sikh extremists. [3] [4]
August 20, 1982Manjit Singh hijacked Indian Airlines Flight 492, initially heading from Mumbai to New Delhi. Manjit demanded the pilot to fly to Lahore to refuel and head to Libya. After Pakistani authorities blocked their runway, the plane landed in Amritsar. Negotiations proceeded between the airport authorities and Manjit, in which he demanded a payment of 800,000 German marks, the transfer of power in Punjab to the Akali Dal, and the release of imprisoned Sikh granthis. He was eventually overpowered by the police and passengers in an ensuing scuffle. [5]
October 1982AmritsarSikh extremists threw a grenade at a Hindu Dusshera procession near the Golden Temple, killing 1 and injuring 60. This incident was triggered by the death of a Nihang Sikh who was shot after he attacked a police officer. [6] [7] [8]
April 1983Punjab police DIG A. S. Atwal murdered outside Harmandir Sahib, the holiest shrine of the Sikhs, and his body left to rot. He came in with his Punjab Police uniform and his gun when he was killed. [9]
September 1983JagraonKhalistani militants fire indiscriminately at people walking. [10]
September-

5 October 1983

Dhilwan6 Bus passengers aboard a bus traveling from Dhilwan in Kapurthala District to Jalandhar, all of them Hindus, killed by Sikh militants in 1983 Dhilwan Bus massacre. In a separate incident, a police subinspector and a tax inspector were also killed aboard a train. A total of 20 people were left dead, and another 18 wounded in a 2-week span. [11] By this time, more than 175 people had been killed by the militants in various incidents. [12] [13]
6 October 1983Some Sikh groups announce the creation of Khalistan President's rule is imposed by the Government India in an attempt to bring order in Punjab. [12]
8 October 1983Punjab Police Are Given Broad Powers [14]
14 October 1983A festival bombed in Chandigarh [15]
21 October 1983GobindgarhMassacre of 58 Hindu passengers by Sikh militants. Unofficial number is more than 100 Hindus [16] [17] [18]
18 Nov 1983 Kapurthala district Nine armed men killed four Hindu bus passengers. Baba Ajit Singh, a Nihang, confronted the attackers and stopped further killings. Like in the October killings, the killers abandoned the bus at the Chitiwind village on the outskirts of Amritsar. [19]
9 Feb 1984Sikh militants kill two Sikh men belonging to a breakaway group, and also bomb a wedding procession [20]
23 Feb 198411 Hindus pulled off from trains and buses and killed by Sikh militants ; 27 more wounded. [21]
1 January 1984 to 3 June 1984Various places in Punjab298 Hindus had been killed officially in violence in five months preceding Operation Blue Star. unofficial number of Hindus killed was well over 500 [22]
April 9, 1984BhatindaA bomb explosion in a Hindu temple planted by Sikh militants wounded 3 people. A witness scheduled to testify against a Sikh militant was shot and killed by unidentified gunmen.
21 May 1984Moga13 Hindus killed by Sikh militants. [23]
3 June to 8 June 1984Amritsarmore than 3000 (unofficial figure) people killed including 170 Sikh militants holed up inside the Harmandir Sahib temple complex and army troops fighting them and civilians caught in the cross fire between militants and the Indian army in Golden Temple which was termed as operation Blue Star. The total number of militants was in excess of 180 who were equipped with rocket launchers, artillery, hand grenades, and Chinese made shoulders fired missile launchers. They were led by Maj Gen Subeg Singh a disgruntled and court martialled officer of Indian army who had joined Bhindranwale and had connections with Pak Army because he had served in Bangladesh in 1971–72
12 September 1984Batala8 bus passengers killed.
10 and 11 May 1985New Delhi85 Hindus were killed in serial bomb blasts by Khalistanis which occurred during consecutive days at various places across New Delhi and its neighboring Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. 59 Hindus had died on the spot while the rest succumbed to injuries after being Hospitalized. The terrorists used transistor bombs in a train and 2 buses. They also planted bombs in crowded places like Market and Public Park. [24] [25]
20 Aug 1985Sherpur Harchand Singh Longowal assassinated near sherpur Punjab. [26]
6 March 1986Kapurthala13 Hindu civilians killed and 18 wounded in indiscriminate firing by Sikh militants. [27]
27 March 1986AmritsarFormer Communist Party of India legislator Arjan Singh Mastana and his bodyguard gunned down and several Hindus killed [28]
28 March 1986Ludhiana13 people killed in indiscriminate firing in Dresi ground, killing Kharti leaders including that of Jagirpur, Mayor Krishan Sood. unofficial number of Hindus killed was 32 [29]
29 March 1986Mallian, Jalandhar20 labourers killed by militants.
8 June 1986Amritsar9 People killed by Sikh extremists. [30]
25 July 1986Mukatsar15 bus passengers gunned down by suspected Sikh militants. [31]
10 Aug 1986PuneRetired Army Chief of Staff, General Arun Shridhar Vaidya killed by Sikh militants. [32]
17 Sept 1986PhillaurSikh extremists kill a Shiv Sena Hindu leaders and several Hindu leaders are targeted and a hit list is published every week in Jagbani and Ajeet Punjabi newspapers for Hindu leader in politics, administration, and other government services to leave Punjab or face death for nearly all weeks between 1983 and 1985. [33]
25 October

1986

ChandigarhSuspected Sikh extremists opened fire in a Hindu market, killing nine and wounding ten. [34]
30 October 1986HoshiarpurSikh militants robbed a bank, killed 5 Hindus and the unofficial number of Hindus killed was 23. [35]
31 October 1986Ludhiana8 migrant and local Hindu industrial workers gunned down in indiscriminate firing on Daba road, Ludhiana. unofficial number was around 22 Hindus dead
30 November 1986Khudda24 Hindu bus passengers gunned down. Unofficial number was more than 50. [36]
January 1987Congress Sikh MLA Sant Singh Liddar murdered. [37]
January 1987Sikh militants kill eight people. Most of the victims were Hindus. [38]
8 May 1987Sukhdev Singh, the son of the moderate Akali leader Jiwan Singh Umranangal, was murdered by the militants. In 1986, Jiwan Singh had undertaken a door-to-door campaign in the Majha region, meeting the families of the militants and asking for their help in convincing the militants to give up the violence. [39]
19 May 1987Tarn Taran Deepak Dhawan, the State Committee member of the CPI(M)
14 June 1987Delhi and PunjabSikh militants in New Delhi killed 12 Hindus celebrating a baby's birthday party. 13 other people were killed in Punjab. Security was increased in New Delhi following reports of possible school bus bomb attacks by Sikh militants. [40] [41]
3 July 1987Gurnam Singh Uppal, a moderate Sikh leader and the president of the Punjab unit of Democratic Youth Federation of India, was killed.
6 July 1987Near Lalru Khalistan Commando Force militants hijacked a Haryana Roadways bus and killed 38 Hindu bus passengers. [42]
7 July 1987Near Fatehabad Sikh militants kill 34 Hindu bus passengers from two Haryana Roadways buses near Fatehabad [42]
6 August 1987Jagdev Kalan12 people gunned down. Before shooting them victim were forced to chant "Long Live the Sikh Nation". [43]
19 August 1987Jalandhar11 people killed by Sikh militants including a Hindu man and his baby son. [44]
28 September 1987Alawalpur5 killed and 8 injured, firing near Geetha Bhawan.
20 October 1987Delhi12 persons shot dead at various places in Delhi on Diwali day.
15 January 1988Dhadial Nijhran, village near Batala8 members of a family including 2 women and 3 children killed
22 January 1988Punjab12 people and a Hindu leader killed by Sikh extremists. [45]
19 February 1988Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur and PatialaBombs exploded by Babbar Khalsa. 12 to 13 persons killed and nearly 50 injured. [46]
2 March 1988Bhaian8 members of a family killed.
3 March 1988Kahri sahri35 persons shot dead, 50 others injured, indiscriminate firing at a festival gathering by terrorists believed to be Sikh militants. [47]
29 March 1988Bhathe (Kartarpur)2 Persons shot dead by militants
31 March 1988Rajbah18 members of a Rajput family shot dead at village the Rajbah under police station.
2 April 1988PunjabSikh gunmen stormed into huts and houses across Punjab state and killed 37 people, including 7 children [48]
15 May 1988Samana, Patiala26 persons killed, 100 others injured in different incidents
16 May 1988Amritsar, Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Gurdaspur40 persons gunned down, 100 others injured in different incidents
17 May 1988Kharar35 labourers massacred.
24 May 1988Dhaliwal (Nakodar)6 members of a family murdered.
19–21 June 1988Punjab and Haryana3 bomb explosions took place over the course of 3 consecutive days. The week prior witnessed a bomb explosion in Amristar in the vicinity of the Shivala Bhaiyan Temple. 22 people were killed and 40 were injured, the terrorists specifically chose Monday, considered a particularly auspicious day to worship Lord Shiva, as the day to attack. The second Amristar explosion took place in a predominantly Hindu textile market, killing 28 and injuring 50. In Haryana, Sikh terrorists set off a bomb near a TV shop where people congregated to watch the Ramayana, killing 20 people. The third bomb explosion was in New Delhi and targeted a vegetable market, killing 3 and injuring 42. Sikh terrorists further gunned down 6 people in a cinema hall in Pehowa, Haryana. The motive of these attacks was to incite a Hindu backlash and exacerbate communal tensions between both communities. [49]
22 June 1988Raman Mandi, BathindaSocial Worker Baldev Raj Mittal gunned down [ citation needed ]
7 September 1988Rure Aasal (Amritsar district)15 rail passengers killed, 25 injured at Rure Aasal railway station.
8 January 1989Sikh terrorists killed 14 Hindus after the hanging of the two men responsible for the assassination of Indira Gandhi. [50]
25 June 1989Moga27 Swayamsevaks of the RSS who were participating in the daily shakha conducted at Nehru Park were shot dead by some Khalistani terrorists who came on motorcycles, raised provocative slogans and started firing indiscriminately. [51]
11 Nov 1989Patiala19 students of Thapar Engineering College were massacred while they slept in their dorm by Sikh Extremists. [52] [53]
19 January 1990Ballagan, Amritsar8 Hindu villagers shot down by militants
7 March 1990Abohar32 shot dead in indiscriminate firing at crowded market [54]
30 May 1990FerozepurSikh extremists kill 10 in attack on market. [55]
28 May 1990Khalistan Commando Force attacked a farm, Killed 13 migrant workers, including 11 Hindus. [55]
22 November 1990Aliwal BATALA gspBank dacoity in Aliwal and Guard killed
November 1990AmritsarSikh militants killed 23 Hindus in multiple attacks. [56]
15 June 1991Ludhiana district 1991 Punjab killings; 110 passengers killed by Sikh militants. [57]
11 March 1992Harkishanpura16 Hindu workers killed by Sikh militants. [58]
15 March 1992Ludhiana18 people killed by Sikh militants. [59]
10 August 1992Barnala31 people killed by Sikh militants. [60]
6 January 1993Chhichhrewal (Gurdaspur)11 Terrorists encountered
11 September 1993Chandigarh12 people killed in bomb blast that was an assassination attempt on Youth Congress(I) Punjab minister Maninderjit Bitta. [61]
25 February 1994RajasthanLeader of Khalistan Liberation Force Navneet Singh Khadian encountered by Punjab Police
31 August 1995ChandigarhPunjab's Chief Minister Beant Singh belonging to Congress party along with 17 others killed by a suicide bomber

After end of Punjab insurgency

On 31 August 1995, Chief minister Beant Singh was killed by a suicide bomber. The pro-Khalistan group Babbar Khalsa claimed responsibility for the assassination, but "security authorities" were reported to be doubtful of the truth of that claim. [62] A 2006 press release by the Embassy of the United States in New Delhi indicated that the responsible organization was the Khalistan Commando Force. [63]

The Indian Express reported in its online edition on 19 June 2006 that the Khalistan Zindabad Force was behind bomb blasts in Jalandhar, India, at the Inter-State Bus Terminus that left three people killed and injured 12. A police spokesman said the attack was planned by a pair of KZF leaders, one based in Pakistan and one in Canada, and executed by a "local criminal". [64]

On 22 May 2005, Consecutive bomb blasts took place in the Liberty cinema and Satyam cinema in New Delhi during the screeing of the movie Jo Jo Bole So Nihaal (film) in which 3 people died and dozens were injured. The movie was being opposed by a section of intellectual Sikhs. [65]

On 14 October 2007, Six people were killed and 32 injured in a bomb blast at Shingaar cinema hall, Ludhiana. [66]

On 24 September 2009, the Punjab Police arrested two Babbar Khalsa militants involved in the assassination of Rulda Singh, president of the Punjab Rashtriya Sikh Sangat who was shot at and seriously injured by two unidentified persons at his residence near New Grain market on 29 July. [67]

2016–17 targeted killings in Punjab, India: multiple attacks on Hindu leaders of Shiv Sena, Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh and BJP happened during the years 2016–17. Six leaders of these organisations were killed. [68]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalistan movement</span> Sikh separatist movement in the Punjab region

The Khalistan movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing an ethno‐religious sovereign state called Khalistan in the Punjab region. The proposed boundaries of Khalistan vary between different groups; some suggest the entirety of the Sikh-majority Indian state of Punjab, while larger claims include Pakistani Punjab and other parts of North India such as Chandigarh, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Shimla and Lahore have been proposed as the capital of Khalistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Babbar Khalsa</span> Militant organization

Babbar Khalsa International, better known as Babbar Khalsa, is a Sikh militant organisation that aims to create an independent Sikh nation of Khalistan in the Indian and Pakistani states of Punjab. It has used armed attacks, assassinations and bombings in aid of that goal, and is deemed to be a terrorist entity by various governments. Besides India, it operates in North America and Europe, including Scandinavia.

Talwinder Singh Parmar First co-chief of Babbar Khalsa

Talwinder Singh Parmar or Hardev Singh Parmar was a Sikh militant accused by indian government of masterminding the 1985 Air India Flight 182 bombing, which killed 329 people. It was the worst single incident of aviation terrorism in history until the September 11 attacks in the United States. In addition, another bomb was meant to explode aboard Air India Flight 301 in Japan the same day, but it exploded while the plane was still grounded, killing two people. Parmar was also the founder, leader, and Jathedar of Babbar Khalsa International (BKI), better known as Babbar Khalsa, a Sikh militant group involved in the Khalistan movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorism in India</span> Overview of terrorism in India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalistan Commando Force</span> Sikh Khalistani organisation

The Khalistan Commando Force (KCF) is a Sikh Khalistani militant organisation operating in the state of Punjab, India with prominent members based in Canada, United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a Sikh independent state of Khalistan through armed struggle. KCF is also responsible for many assassinations in India, including the 1995 assassination of Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh. It is designated as a Terrorist Organisation by the Government of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insurgency in Punjab, India</span> 1984–1995 Sikh-nationalist militant uprising in Punjab, India

The Insurgency in Punjab, India was an armed campaign by the militants of the Khalistan movement from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Economic and social pressures driven by the Green Revolution prompted calls for Sikh autonomy and separatism. This movement was initially peaceful, but foreign involvement and political pressures drove a heavy handed response from Indian authorities. The demand for a separate Sikh state gained momentum after the Indian Army's Operation Blue Star in 1984 aimed to flush out militants residing in the Golden Temple in Amritsar, a holy site for Sikhs. Terrorism, police brutality and corruption of the authorities greatly exacerbated a tense situation. By the mid-1980s, the movement had evolved into a militant secessionist crisis due to the perceived indifference of the Indian state in regards to mutual negotiations. Eventually, more effective police and military operations, combined with a policy of rapprochement by the Indian government and the election loss of separatist sympathizers in the 1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, largely quelled the rebellion by the mid-1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalistan Liberation Force</span> Sikh militant group

The Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) is a Khalistani separatist militant organization based in the Indian state of Punjab. Its motive is the creation of a sovereign Sikh state called Khalistan via armed struggle. The KLF is one of the key fighting forces of the Khalistan movement. It was responsible for assassinations, abductions and military engagements with the Indian Armed Forces during the Insurgency in Punjab, India. The KLF is listed as a designated terrorist group by the Republic of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sukhdev Singh Babbar</span> Founding leader of Babbar Khalsa

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The Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan (BTFK) is a Sikh militant group, and one of several major separatist organizations involved in the Khalistan movement during the Punjab insurgency. The BTFK's main aim was to establish a Sikh homeland called Khalistan. At its peak, the BTFK's membership totaled 500 members and remained the strongest pro-Khalistan group in Tarn Taran Sahib, which was the epicenter of violence during the Punjab insurgency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Labh Singh</span> Leader of Khalistan Commando Force

Sukhdev Singh Dhillon, best known as General Labh Singh and also known as Sukha Sipahi and just Labh Singh, was a former Punjab police officer turned militant who took command of the Khalistan Commando Force after its first leader, Manbir Singh Chaheru, was arrested in 1986.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manbir Singh Chaheru</span> Indian Khalistan Commando Force leader

Bhai Manbir Singh Chaheru Also known as General Hari Singh was the Indian founder and first leader of the militant organisation Khalistan Commando Force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala</span> Chief of the Khalistan Liberation Force

Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala was a Sikh militant and the third Jathedar of the Khalistan Liberation Force. Budhsinghwala's organization, KLF, was one of the most active Sikh militant groups of the time. Budhsinghwala had KLF join the Sohan Singh Panthic Committee and partnered with Khalistan Commando Force (Panjwar), Babbar Khalsa, Bhindranwale Tiger Force (Sangha), and Sikh Student Federation (Bittu) in militant actions. Budhsinghwala is also credited with making KLF one of the strongest and most lethal militant groups.

1986 Hoshiarpur Bus Massacre was a massacre of 24 Hindu bus-passengers by Khalistani militants. The bus massacre was the worst terrorist incident in Punjab of the year 1986. It occurred on Sunday, 30 November 1986, near Khuda located in the Hoshiarpur district in the northern state of Punjab, India close to the Indo-Pak border.

1986 Muktsar Bus Massacre was a massacre of 14 Hindu and one Sikh bus-passenger by Khalistani militants. It occurred on 25 July 1986, when a bus was attacked by militants in which 15 people were shot dead in Muktsar in the northern state of Punjab, India.

The 1983 Dhilwan Bus massacre was a massacre of 6 Hindus by Sikh extremists amidst the Insurgency in Punjab. It occurred on 5 October 1983, when a bus going from Dhilwan in Kapurthala district to Jalandhar was attacked by Sikh militants in which six Hindu passengers were shot dead in Dhilwan in the northern state of Punjab, India.

The following timeline documents the insurgency in Punjab, India:

References

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  2. ↑ K. S. Saxena; Anil Gupta (1985). Indian democracy: Recent trends & issues. Anmol.
  3. ↑ "Holy Man Hijacks Jet". Herald-Journal. p. 6.
  4. ↑ "Hijacker may face death sentence". St. Petersburg Times. p. 10.
  5. ↑ "Amritsar electrician hijacks Indian Airlines aircraft to Lahore, shot dead". India Today. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  6. ↑ "Terrorist bomb injures 40". The Bulletin. p. 51.
  7. ↑ "October 27, 1982, Forty Years Ago: Amritsar blast". The Indian Express. 27 October 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  8. ↑ "Sikh bomb kills 1, wounds 60". Record-Journal. p. 12.
  9. ↑ Thukral, Gobind (23 July 2013). "DIG Avtar Singh Atwal brutally murdered outside Golden Temple in Amritsar". India Today. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  10. ↑ Operation Blue Star and White Paper on Punjab Agitation (Think India Journal) p.7
  11. ↑ "Indian government orders crackdown on terrorism". Lakeland Ledger. p. 59.
  12. 1 2 "Indian Government takes over a state swept by religious strife". 7 October 1983. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
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  14. ↑ Stevens, William K. (8 October 1983). "Punjab Police Are Given Broad Powers". The New York Times.
  15. ↑ Stevens, William K. (16 October 1983). "Mrs. Gandhi Says Terrorism Will Fail". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ Hans Raj Khanna (1987). Terrorism in Punjab: Cause and Cure. Panchnad Research Institute. p. 93.
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  19. ↑ Shekhar Gupta (15 December 1983). "Brutal slaying of four Hindu bus travellers takes tension in Punjab to a new high". India Today. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  20. ↑ Hazarika, Sanjoy (9 February 1984). "General Strike Disrupts Punjab". The New York Times.
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  25. ↑ "India siezes [sic] 1500 as deaths mount". The New York Times. 12 May 1985.
  26. ↑ "Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated". Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1985.
  27. ↑ "Sikh Gunmen Kill 13 Hindus in 3 Attacks : Soldiers on Alert in Punjab State; Curfews in 2 Cities". Los Angeles Times . 28 March 1986.
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  29. ↑ "Sikh gunmen kill 13 hindus in 3 attacks". Los Angeles Times. 28 March 1986.
  30. ↑ "9 Killed in Punjab as Sikh Protest Ends". New York Times. Associated Press. 8 June 1986.
  31. ↑ "Suspected sikh terrorists kill 15 on bus". Los Angeles Times. 26 July 1986.
  32. ↑ "4 GUNMEN KILL EX-COMMANDER OF INDIAN ARMY". The New York Times. 11 August 1986.
  33. ↑ "Sikh Extremists Kill Leader Of a Militant Hindu Group". New York Times. Reuters. 17 September 1986.
  34. ↑ "Suspected Sikh extremists opened fire with submachine guns at... - UPI Archives". UPI. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  35. ↑ "Sikh terrorists rob bank,kill five". Apnews. 31 October 1986.
  36. ↑ "Sikh extremists hijack Punjab bus and kill 24". NeyYork Times. 30 November 1986.
  37. ↑ Guru Nanak Journal of Sociology. Sociology Department, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1997. p. 44. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  38. ↑ "Sikh Extremists Kill Eight in New Attacks". apnews. 19 January 1987.
  39. ↑ "Akali leader Umranangal passes away". The Tribune. Chandigarh. 8 November 1998. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  40. ↑ "Sikh militant kill 25 in two attacks". Apnews. 14 June 1987.
  41. ↑ "Sikh extremists slay 12 Hindus". Eugene Register-Guard. p. 6.
  42. 1 2 Dilip Ganguly (7 July 1987). "Sikhs Kill 34 Hindus on Two Buses, Bringing Two-Day Toll To 72". AP. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
  43. ↑ "Sikh Terrorists Kill 12 Hindus". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 7 August 1987.
  44. ↑ "Sikh militants kill 11 in punjab". Apnews. 19 August 1987.
  45. ↑ "Hindu leader,12 others killed in punjab". Apnews. 22 January 1988.
  46. ↑ Weintraub, Richard M. (20 February 1988). "COURTS BOMBED IN INDIA'S PUNJAB". The Washington Post .
  47. ↑ Hazarika, Sanjoy (4 March 1988). "44 Slain in Sikh-Hindu Violence". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  48. ↑ "Sikh militant kill 35 in Year's worst violence". Apnews. 2 April 1988.
  49. ↑ "Bombs are new weapon in Punjab terrorists' arsenal". India Today. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  50. ↑ "Sikhs Kill 14 Hindus After Executions in India". The New York Times .
  51. ↑ Hazarika, Sanjoy (26 June 1989). "27 Slain in Punjab in 2d Day of Attacks on Hindus". The New York Times.
  52. ↑ Ap (11 November 1989). "Sikh Extremists Raid School, Killing 19 Sleeping Students". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  53. ↑ "Sikh Separatists Kill 19 Students at India College". Los Angeles Times. 11 November 1989. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  54. ↑ "Attack by Sikh extremists in crowded market kill 22 hindus". Apnews. 8 March 1990.
  55. 1 2 "Sikh extremists kill 10 in attack on market". United Press International. 30 May 1990.
  56. ↑ "Sikh Militants Kill 7 Hindus, 10 Others". Apnews. 27 November 1990.
  57. ↑ "Sikhs storm 2 trains, KIll 110 in Punjab". Los Angeles Times. 16 June 1991.
  58. ↑ "Sikh Militants Kill 16 Hindu Workers". AP NEWS. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  59. ↑ "18 People killed by sikh militants in Punjab". Los Angeles Times. 15 March 1992.
  60. ↑ "Sikh militants kill 31 people in revenge for death of leader". Apnews. 10 August 1992.
  61. ↑ Kareem, Abdul (10 September 2018). "Today in History: September 11, 1993 — 12 die in Delhi blast". Gulf News.
  62. ↑ "Issue Paper INDIA SIKHS IN PUNJAB 1994–95". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[ permanent dead link ]
  63. ↑ "U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force". Embassy of the United States in New Delhi, India. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
  64. ↑ "KZF behind Jalandhar blasts". The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2009.
  65. ↑ "Cinemas bombed as film angers Sikhs". The Guardian. 23 May 2005. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  66. ↑ "Ludhiana Blast, a 'Terrorist Attack'". Arab News. 16 October 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  67. ↑ United News of India (24 September 2009). "Punjab Police arrest two Babbar Khalsa terrorists". centralchronicle.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  68. ↑ Sandhu, Kamaljit Kaur (15 January 2018). "Pakistan's Khalistan agenda behind killing of 6 Hindu leaders in Punjab, says NIA". India Today.

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