Operation Mand

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Operation Mand
Part of Insurgency in Punjab, India
Date21–22 July 1986
Location
Mand, Punjab, India
Result Tat Khalsa victory
Belligerents

Flag-of-Khalistan.svg Tat Khalsa

Flag of India.svg  India

Commanders and leaders
Flag-of-Khalistan.svg Avtar Singh Brahma Flag of India.svg PM Rajiv Gandhi
Flag of India.svg HM Buta Singh
Flag of India.svg CM Surjit Barnala
Flag of India.svg DGP KPS Gill
Flag of India.svg IPS Julio Riberio
Strength
125–150[ vague ]

20,000 police officers [ citation needed ]

  • 2 Helicopters
Casualties and losses
11 Tat Khalsa members Heavy[ vague ]
1 helicopter destroyed

Operation Mand was a military operation launched by the Punjab Police in India to capture or kill Avtar Singh Brahma and Tat Khalsa members from the 21st to the 22nd of July, 1986. [1]

Contents

Background

Avtar Singh Brahma was a Sikh kharku who had founded the group Tat Khalsa. [2] He quickly grew to prominence by launching constant attacks on CRPF, BSF, Police, and Army patrols. [3] He would defeat security forces in the Battle of Manakpur.[ citation needed ] Following this, Brahma centered his group and operation in the Mand region which is the riverbank land along the Beas. [4] [5] Brahma would be dubbed the "King of Mand" [6] and became the de facto ruler of the region, [7] which covers an area of 240 square kilometres (93 sq mi). [4] [8]

Operation

On 21 July 1986, Operation Mand would be launched. The Operation was led and planned by KPS Gill and was approved by Julio Riberio. [9] About 30 companies of security forces assisted by helicopters, bulldozers and mechanized boats, were deployed for the Operation. [4] [8] Brahma operated 5 groups of 25–30 operatives. [8]

The Operation did not go as expected for the Indian forces. Thousands of police and paramilitary forces surrounded the Mand region and closed in on the Tat Khalsa men. According to Avtar Singh, he and his fellow Tat Khalsa members clashed with and repulsed an attacking force of officers and paramilitary, with the attacking force suffering high casualties. Avtar Singh also shot down a paramilitary helicopter. The other helicopter retreated after this. [10] [11] The battle continued for some time, but eventually, the security forces fell back. Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow Tat Khalsa members managed to escape at night. [4] [11] The operation lasted for 40 hours. [4]

Aftermath

The operation faced heavy criticism for being "overkill". [4] [ additional citation(s) needed ] It was initially described as the destruction of the Khalistan capital, but police had only captured a few weapons. [4] The operation also saw criticism from Revenue Minister Major Singh Uboke, a dissident in the ruling party. [4] [12] He called Operation Mand "Operation Fraud". He charged, at a cabinet meeting, of security forces of harassing and torturing "innocent Sikh youths and even women". [4]

Pop culture

The operation is depicted in the 2017 Indian film Toofan Singh . [13] [ failed verification ]

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On 3 October 1986, militants from the Khalistan Commando Force, led by Labh Singh, made an attempt on the life of Director General of Police in Punjab, India, Julio Ribeiro in Jalandhar within the Punjab Armored Police headquarters. Ribeiro was wounded in the attack along with his wife. Ribeiro's wounds were minor, but his wife was hospitalized. 2 officers were killed and 2 were seriously wounded in the attack. All the attackers escaped unhurt.

References

  1. ↑ Ribeiro, Julio (1998). Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer. Viking. p. 283. ISBN   978-0-670-87871-0.
  2. ↑ Chima, Jugdep S. (11 March 2010). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN   978-93-5150-953-0.
  3. ↑ Link: Indian Newsmagazine. 1987. p. 24.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Sikh terrorists gun down bus-load of passengers in Punjab, Delhi mobs react against Sikhs". India Today. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  5. ↑ Gupta, Dipankar; Banerjee, Sumanta; Mohan, Dinesh; Navlakha, Gautam (1988). "Punjab: Communalised beyond Politics". Economic and Political Weekly. 23 (33): 1677–1684. ISSN   0012-9976. JSTOR   4378888.
  6. ↑ Ribeiro, Julio (1998). Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer. Viking. p. 283. ISBN   978-0-670-87871-0.
  7. ↑ Dhillon, Kirpal (22 December 2006). Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978-1993. Penguin UK. ISBN   978-93-85890-38-3.
  8. 1 2 3 Vas, Lt Gen EA; Kathpalia, Lt Gen PN; Bakshi, G. D.; Kanwal, Gurmeet; Rockall, George; Kaushik, Brig OP; Saksena, Col KP; Tiwathia, Maj Vijay; Joshi, Dr Manoj (1 July 1987). Indian Defence Review July-Dec 1987 (Vol 2.2). Lancer Publishers. pp. 124–5. ISBN   978-81-7062-029-7.
  9. ↑ Ribeiro, Julio (1998). Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer. Viking. p. 283. ISBN   978-0-670-87871-0.
  10. ↑ India Today. Living Media India Pvt. Limited. 1986. p. 35.
  11. 1 2 India Today Volume 11, Issues 13-24. Living Media India Pvt. Limited. 1986. p. 23.
  12. ↑ "Punjab in crisis as Barnala Ministry reduced to a minority following split in Akali Dal". India Today. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  13. ↑ "Censor board refuses to clear movie on Khalistani militant". hindustantimes.com. 13 July 2017.
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