Monodora tenuifolia | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Magnoliids |
Order: | Magnoliales |
Family: | Annonaceae |
Genus: | Monodora |
Species: | M. tenuifolia |
Binomial name | |
Monodora tenuifolia | |
Synonyms | |
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Monodora tenuifolia is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to equatorial Africa. [2] George Bentham, the English botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its slender (tenui- in Latin) leaves (-folia in Latin). [3]
It is a tree reaching 30 meters in height with dark grey to green bark. Its trunk and branches can have white lenticels. Its hairless, papery to leathery, elliptical to oval leaves are 6–21 by 2–7.5 centimeters. The tips of the leaves taper to a point, and the tapered portion is 5-10 millimeters long. The leaf bases wedge-shaped. The leaves are green on their upper surface and paler green on their lower surface. The leaves have 9-15 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its hairless petioles are 2–7 by 1-2 millimeters and have a groove on their upper surface. It has solitary flowers, positioned opposite from leaves, that hang down. Each flower is born on a light green, hairless pedicel that is 25–75 by 1-1.5 millimeters. The pedicels have an oval bract that is 55–60 by 10-30 millimeters. The base of the bract partially wraps the pedicel and its tip is rounded. The bracts are light green with red highlights at the tips and have wavy edges. The upper and lower faces of the bract are hairless, but the edges have short hairs. It has 3 oval, hairless, sepals are 10–35 by 4-16 millimeters. The sepals are green with red highlights. The sepals have flat bases, rounded to gradually narrowing tips and wavy edges. Its flowers have 6 petals in two rows of three. The outer petals are yellow-green with red-brown streaks. The hairless, oval outer petals are 30–90 by 25-30 millimeters. The outer petals have flat bases, rounded to pointed tips and very wavy margins. The hairless inner petals are 10–35 by 6-10 millimeters. The inner petals are white to green and streaked with reddish brown highlights. The inner petals have wedge-shaped bases and rounded to pointed tips. The inner petals have two distinctive hairy appendages that are 3-5 millimeters in length, positioned halfway up either margin. The inner petals have a basal claw below the blade. Its flowers have 10-13 rows of yellowish white stamen that are 0.8-1 millimeters long. The stamen filaments extend above the anthers to form a shield. Its carpels are fused forming an ovary wall that is 2–3 by 1.5 millimeters. Its green, hairless stigma are 2 millimeters in diameter. The fruit are born on a hairless, woody pedicels that are 3–7 by 3-4 millimeters. The hairless, round fruit are 4–7 by 4.5-7 centimeters. The fruit are green with light spots, smooth and covered in a distinctive grey-blue wax. The fruit have white pulp, and elliptical, smooth, light brown seeds that are 12–17 by 10-13 millimeters. [4] [5] [6]
The pollen is shed as permanent tetrads. [7] Field observations suggest that it is pollinated by flies. [8]
It has been observed growing in sandy soil in evergreen rain forests, gallery forests, deciduous forests, and savanna-like habitats at elevations from 0–800 meters. [4]
Its seeds have been reported to be used as a supplemental food source, but it has questionable dietary value and is particularly low in lysine. [9] It is used as a traditional medicine, a fiber and wood source, and as an ornamental. [4]
Goniothalamus aurantiacus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Piya Chalermglin and Richard M.K. Saunders, the botanists who first formally described the species, named it after its orange colored inner petals.
Goniothalamus rongklanus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Thailand. Richard Saunders and Piya Chalermglin first formally described the species and named it after Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park in Thailand.
Mitrephora heyneana is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to India and Sri Lanka. Joseph Dalton Hooker and Thomas Thomson, the British botanists who first formally described the species under the basionym Orophea heyneana, named it after Benjamin Heyne a German botanist who collected and described many plant species from India.
Mitrephora keithii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. Henry Nicholas Ridley, the English botanist who first formally described the species, named it in honor of Dr. A. Keith who collected the sample that Ridley examined.
Mitrephora calcarea is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Laos and Vietnam. Aruna Weerasooriya and Richard M.K. Saunders, the botanists who provided the first valid formal description of the species, named it after the limy soil it grows in. The name follows a prior invalid account by Suzanne Jovet-Ast, which lacked a Latin description.
Mitrephora macrocarpa is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Sulawesi. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, the Dutch botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Orophea macrocarpa, named it after its large fruit.
Mitrephora maingayi is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Sumatra, and Vietnam. Joseph Hooker and Thomas Thomson, the British botanists who first formally described the species, named it in honor of Alexander Carroll Maingay, the British botanist who collected the specimen they examined.
Monodora carolinae is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Mozambique and Tanzania. Thomas Couvreur, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after his wife Carolina.
Monodora crispata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler, the German botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its curled petal margins.
Monodora globiflora is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Tanzania. Thomas Couvreur, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its inner petals that touch one another, but are not fused, and form a globe-shaped structure.
Monodora hastipetala is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Tanzania. Thomas Couvreur, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its spear shaped inner petals.
Monodora junodii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the German botanists who first formally described the species, named it after Henri-Alexandre Junod, the Swiss missionary and scientist who collected the specimen that they examined.
Monodora laurentii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo. Émile De Wildeman, the Belgian botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Marcel Laurent, the Belgian botanist who collected many plant specimens in the regions along the Congo River.
Monodora minor is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Mozambique and Tanzania. Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the German botanists who first formally described the species, do not explicitly explain the specific epithet but it is among the smaller members of the genus which includes species that reach heights of 30-40 meters.
Monodora stenopetala is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Malawi and Mozambique. Daniel Oliver, the English botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its narrow petals.
Monodora undulata is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Palisot de Beauvois the botanist and entomologist who first formally described the species using the basionym Xylopia undulata, named it after the wavy margins of its petals.
Monodora angolensis is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zaire. Friedrich Welwitsch, the Austrian botanist who first formally described the species, named it after Angola where he found it growing near the town of Pungo-Andongo.
Uvariastrum hexaloboides is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Tanzania, Zambia and Zaire. Robert Elias Fries, the botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria hexaloboides, named it after a different species Hexalobus monopetalus which he thought its flowers and vegetative parts resembled.
Uvariastrum insculptum is a species of plant in the Annonaceae. It is native to Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, and the Republic of the Congo. Adolf Engler and Ludwig Diels, the botanists who first formally described the species using the basionym Uvaria insculpta, named it after the secondary veins on its leaves which are distinctly sunken.
Uvariastrum pierreanum is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and the Republic of the Congo. Adolf Engler, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the French botanist Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre.